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Cross-domain Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Based on Joint Subdomain Contrast Alignment YANG Kang1, CHEN Xuejun1, 2, ZHANG Lei3, LIU Feng3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1065-1073.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.018 Abstract （2263）      PDF（pc） （5744KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save The fault data of bearings exhibited significant distribution discrepancies under varying operating conditions， relatively low diagnostic accuracy was resulted in practical fault detection models. Additionally， most existing research on cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis primarily emphasized inter-domain alignment and intra-class comparison， while neglecting the influences of interactions between subdomains. Therefore， a cross-domain fault diagnosis method of bearings was proposed based on joint subdomain contrast alignment. In order to highlight the fault features， the bearing vibration signals were transformed into time-frequency graph by short-time Fourier transform， and the fault features were obtained by inputting them into the feature extraction module. Domain adaptation methods achieved cross-domain recognition by transferring knowledge learned from the source domain to the target domain. During the domain adaptation processes， a joint subdomain contrast alignment strategy was used to bring samples from the same subdomain closer together while separating samples from different subdomains， which aligned the subdomain distributions of the same class samples among the source and target domains， thereby enhancing the models generalization ability in the target domain. Resnet34 was used as the feature extraction network on the model architecture， and the maximum mean difference was used at the output of the network to align the global distribution of the source domain and the target domain. Compared with the classical domain adaptation methods， the experimental results on the bearing fault data set of Case Western Reserve University shows that the cross-domain fault diagnosis method of bearings based on joint subdomain contrast alignment has better feature transfer ability.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence Law and Mechanism of Geometric Parameters on Wrinkling Characteristics of Hollow Aluminum Profiles in Stretch-Bending#br# LIU Zhiwen1, 2, LEI Chong1, SUN Kaibo1, OUYANG Basheng1, LI Luoxing2, LIU Xiao3, LI Fazhi1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1083-1093.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.020 Abstract （1883）      PDF（pc） （8620KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the plate and shell theory， the expression of wrinkling energy and external force work functions of hollow aluminum profiles in stretch-bending were derived. Combined with the energy criterion， the theoretical prediction model of wrinkling was established for hollow profiles in stretch-bending and the accuracy of model was verified by bending experiments. The formation mechanism of wrinkling defects in stretch-bending of hollow profiles was revealed and the influences of geometric parameters on wrinkling limit and morphology were quantitatively studied. The results show that the theoretical predictions of the number and height of wrinkling under three different bending radii are in good agreement with those of the experimental ones. The maximum differences are as 1.2 and 0.55 mm， respectively， with relative errors of 16.93% and 11.28%， respectively. The growth rate of external force work in the bending stages is greater than that of wrinkling energy. With the increase of bending time， the external force work is greater than the wrinkling energy， resulting in the appearance of wrinkling instability. With the increase of thickness-to-height ratio and thickness-to-width ratio of the profiles， the wrinkle ratio and wrinkling number decrease， while the wrinkling limit and wrinkling height increase. With the increase of the aspect ratio， the wrinkle ratio and wrinkle height increase， while the wrinkling limit and wrinkling number decrease. The wrinkling limit might be increased by adding inner reinforcement rib in the profile cavities， while the wrinkling number increases and the wrinkling height decreases.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and Evaluation of Key Error Elements in Complex Composite Aviation Componts Assembly Driven by Mechanism and Data Model Fusion GUO Feiyan1, ZHANG Hui2, SONG Changjie1, ZHANG Shuo1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1530-1543.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.016 Abstract （1702）      PDF（pc） （6423KB）（232）       Knowledge map    Save  In composite assembly of complex aviation products, the factors such as part deformations under loads, numerous parameters and so on were considered. Deformation error source models for key assembly links caused by positioning and clamping, joining and rebounding were analyzed, and the Jacobian sensor matrix representing error transmission relationship was modified to establish assembly error transmission mechanism model. A support vector regression model was established based on assembly error data, a fusion model of mechanism model and data model was gained. With the predication and compensation model for the calculated values of the error mechanism model and the actual deviation, a Sobol sensitivity analysis method was adopted to calculate the global sensitivity coefficients of different assembly error links, and the key error elements affecting assembly accuracy was identified. Finally, the assembly of wing box component was taken as an example to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on In-plane Shear Behavior and Interaction Mechanism of Flexible Elastic Composite Lattice Structures NIU Guofa1, JI Xiaogang1, 2, WANG Wei1, WANG Guangyang1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1103-1110.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.022 Abstract （1521）      PDF（pc） （8492KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save The shear behavior and interaction mechanism of composite lattice structures were studied under in-plane shear loads by tests and numerical simulations. The damage failure courses and failure modes of matrix body centered cube(BCC) structures were analyzed experimentally. Using BCC cell structure as matrix, the influences of the diameter of chimeric structures on shear strength and shear modulus of composite structures were investigated by means of chimeric structure. Finally, the reliability of finite element analysis was verified by face centered cubic(FCC) structure tests, and the interaction mechanism of FCC-BCC structures was explored under in-plane shear loads. The testing results show that the mosaicism amang structures enhances the bearing capacity of the composite lattice structures, and influences the strains of the composite structures. The ultimate shear strength of FCC-BCC and simple cube-body centered cube(SC-BCC) are as 159% and 80% higher than that of the matrix respectively when the diameter size of the structural rods are both 0.45 mm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chatter Identification Method for Heavy-duty Robotic Milling Systems Based on Variational Mode Filtering and Attention Mechanism LIANG Zhiqiang1, 2, CHEN Sichen1, DU Yuchao1, LIU Baolong1, 2, GAO Zirui1, YUE Yi3, XIAO Yubin4, ZHENG Haoran1, QIU Tianyang1, LIU Zhibing1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1018-1027,1073.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.013 Abstract （1503）      PDF（pc） （7393KB）（488）       Knowledge map    Save A method was proposed for identifying chatters in heavy-duty robotic milling systems by integrating variational mode filtering with fixed parameters, envelope filtering and an attention mechanism network identification. Initially, variational mode filtering theory was applied to eliminate non-chatter signal components in the high-frequency ranges by optimally selecting a quadratic penalty. Then, to swiftly identify the current machining conditions, the envelope filtering method was employed, leveraging signal time domain distribution and the frequency domain mapping law to remove the spindle speed-related signal components in the low-frequency ranges. Subsequently, a network identification model incorporating an attention mechanism was developed to identify preprocessed multi-temporal short-term signal segments for machining condition identification, followed by verification experiments on heavy-duty robotic milling systems. Experimental analysis results demonstrate that by eliminating non-chatter signals in the high-frequency ranges and spindle speed-related components in the low-frequency ranges, the accuracy of regenerative chatter identification is significantly enhanced, achieving an identification accuracy of 98.75%. Compared with alternative identification methods, the proposed method may effectively identify regenerative chatters during heavy-duty robotic milling processes, thus offering valuable technical support for future online chatter suppression of heavy-duty robotic milling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Glass Fiber Mass Fraction on W-PACIM Pipes of Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene LIAO Qiansheng1, 3, LIU Hesheng2, KUANG Tangqing2, LIU Jiahao2, ZHANG Wei2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1329-1337.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.020 Abstract （1468）      PDF（pc） （6799KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save To study the effects of glass fiber mass fraction on W-PACIM pipes with long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene as the outer material and pure polypropylene as the inner material, the influences of glass fiber mass fraction on the residual wall thickness, the orientation distribution of glass fibers and the pressure resistance of the pipes were analyzed by experimental methods. The results show that with the increases of glass fiber mass fraction, the total residual wall thickness of the pipes decreases first and then increases. The outer layer of the pipes may be divided into near the mold wall layer, the middle layer and the near interface layer according to the distribution characteristics of the glass fiber orientations, the orientation of the glass fiber along the melt flow direction increases gradually from the outside to the inside, the uniformity of the distribution of the outer glass fiber decreases with the increase of glass fiber mass fraction. The pressure resistance of pipes increases first and then decreases, when the glass fiber mass fraction is 20%, the pressure resistance of pipes is the best. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thermal Image Input-based ResNet Method for Thermal Error Modeling of Machine Tool Spindles Mingfan LI, Long YANG, Sheng LI, Huan GUO, Guoqiang FU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2057-2067.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.018 Abstract （1464）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （5627KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve a high-precision and highly generalizable thermal error model of machine tools， a thermal image input-based ResNet method was proposed for thermal error modeling of CNC machine tool spindles. A thermal image dataset labelled was constructed with thermal error rounding， and a ResNet-based classification model was trained for thermal error prediction using thermal images as inputs. Considering the regression characteristics of the machine tool thermal error time series， a regression output layer was constructed by integrating the probabilities of different classification labels from the classification output layer in a weighted manner， enabling thermal error regression prediction without retraining. The deep features of thermal images and the classification performance of the ResNet model were visualized， confirming the effectiveness of ResNet in feature extraction and strong classification ability. Finally， the ResNet model was compared with GoogLeNet and VGGNet models under different operating conditions， demonstrating the high accuracy and generalization of the ResNet-based thermal error classification and regression models. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Mechanism Analysis and Online Monitoring System of Camshaft High-speed Grinding Burns Zhaohui DENG, Rongjin ZHUO, Jingqiang CHEN, Jimin GE, Lishu LYU, Wei LIU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1784-1795.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.014 Abstract （1444）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （5261KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save The high-speed grinding of the non-circular contours of the camshafts was prone to grinding burns， resulting in a decrease in surface quality and service life and even scrapping. Therefore， the mechanism analysis and online monitoring system of camshaft high-speed grinding burns were studied. The influences of processing parameters on grinding burns were discussed. A grinding burn's quantitative evaluation method was proposed by surface morphology and hardness.Frequency and time-frequency domain analysis methods carried out the signal processing and feature extraction. The relationship between the sensing signals and grinding burns was analyzed. The AE （acoustic emission） signal features with a high correlation with grinding burn were extracted based on ReliefF. The monitoring model of grinding burn was established based on GA-SVM（genetic algorithm-support vector machine）. And it was verified by experiments. The online monitoring system of camshaft high-speed grinding burns was developed and applied. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thin-walled Workpiece Milling Deformation Error Prediction Based on Multi-source Information Fusion and Ensemble Learning YIN Jia1, ZHENG Jian2, LIU Yao3, JIA Baoguo1, DUAN Xiaorui1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1261-1268.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.013 Abstract （1443）      PDF（pc） （5304KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save In practical machining processes, the dimensional accuracy of thin-walled workpiece was significantly affected by multiple factors including cutting forces, forced vibrations, chatter phenomena, geometric characteristics of workpiece and material properties, rendering deformation prediction and control particularly challenging. A multi-source information fusion method for deformation error prediction in thin-walled workpiece milling processes was developed. Machining parameters, vibration signals, and other relevant data were integrated to establish a deformation error prediction model through Stacking ensemble learning methodology, with comprehensive experimental validation performed. Comparative analyses reveal that the constructed model demonstrates superior robustness, higher accuracy, and enhanced practicality when compared with conventional data-driven prediction methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Ultra-precision Turning Alignment Error Compensation Technology in Multi-axis Simultaneous Operations YUAN Jiabin, GUO Xipeng, LI Rong, YIN Shaohui China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1397-1406.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.001 Abstract （1377）      PDF（pc） （9879KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save To address the issues of ineffective compensation for aspheric machining figure errors, an XZB three-axis ultra-precision machining method was proposed. The impact of errors in tool alignment, tool radius and the deviation of tool tip relative to the B-axis rotation center on workpiece surface accuracy was analyzed, and the corresponding compensation methods were presented. Turning experiments of nickel-plated convex aspherical workpieces were conducted. Figure errors of the workpieces were reduceed from 0.6774 μm to 0.0749 μm, with the XZB three-axis linked turning method. Experimental results show that the XZB three-axis linked turning process significantly improves the surface shape accuracy and surface quality of small-diameter aspherical surfaces, compared with the XZ two-axis linked turning method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Establishment and Influences of Critical Wrinkling Criterion of Sheet Metals Considering Thickness Stress DU Bing1, 2, LI Yang1, 2, LIU Fenghua1, 2, DONG Mingxin1, 2, WAN Yufan1, 2, ZHONG Qingshuai1, 2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1074-1082.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.019 Abstract （1335）      PDF（pc） （9174KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Wrinkling instability was one of the main technical challenges affecting the precise plastic forming of thin-walled parts. The stress state in the thick direction had a great influence on the forming limit of the sheet metals during the sheet forming processes. In view of the above problems， the wrinkling instability of sheet metals in plastic forming processes was studied under different thickness stress conditions. The Buckle-Dynamic algorithm in ABAQUS software was combined with solid element modeling to establish a numerical analysis model of liquid-filled compression of fan-shaped parts， and the accuracy of the simulation algorithm was verified by tests. According to the wrinkling bifurcation theory and numerical analysis results， a method was adopted for defining the critical wrinkling time of the plates considering the thickness stress， and the critical wrinkling limit curve was established under the compression conditions of the plates. The influences of thickness stress on the compression wrinkling behaviors， wrinkle resistances and the positions of critical wrinkling limit curve in space of fan-shaped parts were discussed. The results show that the applications of thick stress may improve the wrinkle resistances of the sheets and improve the forming quality， which provides useful reference and experimental basis for the selection of sheet metal forming parameters and the trial production of typical parts.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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C-warping Mechanism and Treatment Strategies in Leveling Processes of Strip Steels YANG Yonghui1, ZHANG Ji1, TAN Hailong1, NIU Baicao1, BAI Zhenhua1, 2, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1345-1351.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.022 Abstract （1252）      PDF（pc） （1401KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save  In order to solve the problems of C-warping defects in strip steels in the leveling processes, the processing parameters in the strip leveling processes were optimized, and a set of C-warping prediction and treatment strategies for strip steels were developed. The formation mechanism of C-warping was analyzed from three aspects: rolling, processing lubrication systems and the influences of anti-wrinkle rollers and anti-trembling rollers on the forces of strip steels. The stress distribution of the horizontal direction of the outlet strips in the thickness was obtained, based on the stress analysis of the strips under the assumption of half-plane infinite body， the maximum and minimum transverse elongation in the thickness direction of the strips were obtained, and the height of the C warp of the strips was obtained through the geometric relationship. A set of optimal height settings of anti-wrinkle rollers and anti-trembling rollers were sought to minimize the objective function of the comprehensive control, and the elongation in the direction of strip thickness was controlled, so as to reduce C-warp. The model and treatment strategies were applied to a leveling unit in China, and the prediction errors of C warping height are controlled within 10%, and the maximum warpage ranges of the unit are reduced from 1.4~6.5 mm to 0.9~4.5 mm. The results show that the C warpage prediction and treatment strategy meet the production demands, and the warpage values are significantly reduced, which reduces the repair rate caused by warpages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Thickness Distribution of Single Point Incremental Hydroforming of Complex Shaped Parts SHANG Miao, LI Yan, SHAN Shunkun, YANG Mingshun China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1338-1344.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.021 Abstract （1244）      PDF（pc） （10225KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze and enhance the performances of single point incremental forming for complex shaped parts, a new process combining SPIF and hydroforming was presented for manufacturing multi-featured parts with spire structures. The forming processes of the target parts were designed, the theoretical prediction model of thickness was established, and the effects of different hydraulic parameters on the thickness distribution of the target parts in different forming stages were analyzed. The experimental results show that complex shaped parts may be formed using the new processes and appropriate hydraulic pressures; the geometric errors between the experimental and theoretical profiles may be reduced from 11.44% to 5.18% with assistance compared to SPIF without hydraulic assistance; the thickness distribution patterns are related to the assisted pressure, forming heights, forming shape, etc., and the established theoretical model may be used to predict the thickness distribution of complex shaped parts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influences of Differential Lubrication on Forming Quality for 5A02 Aluminum Alloy T-shape Tubes XU Yong1, 2, 3, ZHANG Chi1, XIE Wenlong2, 3, XIA Liangliang4, YANG Baocheng2, 3, ZHANG Shihong2, 3, HUANG Xinyue5, WANG Shengcheng5 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1094-1102,1131.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.021 Abstract （1216）      PDF（pc） （12824KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save  In order to improve the forming quality of T-shape tubes, a method of differential lubrication was proposed by using hydroforming. The advantages of differential lubrication were verified by finite element simulation compared with traditional lubrication. Based on the fluidity of materials, the tensile stress and compressive stress of axial and circumferential elements of T-shape tubes were extracted during deformation. The influences of the area of the differential lubrication zones on the forming quality were analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional lubrication method, the differential lubrication may effectively reduce the wall thickness thinning rate of the sides and tops of the T-shape tubes. Differential lubrication also may reduce the amount of side feed to reduce the risk of wrinkling. With the increasing of lubrication area in the bulging zones, the axial tensile stress of the arm element is gradually reduced, and the thinning rate of the arm sides of the T-shape tubes is reduced. With the increasing of the artificial roughing areas in the non-bulging zones, the axial compressive stress of the T-shape tubes sidewall element decreases, but the circumferential  tensile stress  increases gradually, and the material is more likely to flow to the transition zone of T-shape tubes, avoiding material accumulation in the middle of the tubes, thus reducing the risk of wrinkling. The research may provide technical support and theoretical reference for the forming of T-shape tubes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Status and Development Trends of Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis for CNC Machine Tool Reliability TIAN Hailong1, 2, SUN Yuzhi1, 2, YANG Zhaojun1, 2, LIU Zhifeng1, 2, CHEN Chuanhai1, 2, HE Jialong1, 2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1430-1441.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.005 Abstract （1157）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save FMECA played an important role in reliability maintenance of CNC machine tools. Current researches focused on 4 aspects: comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, integration of multi-source hierarchical information, integration of multiple analysis methods, and dynamic characteristic modeling. By systematically combination of existing research results, the advantages and existing problems of the 4 aspects were analyzed. Evolution path of machine tool failure modes, effects and criticality analysis were explained by the integration of the characteristics of industrial needs, which provides a theoretical basis for building a high-precision machine tool reliability evaluation system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Time-optimal Trajectory Planning of Robotic Arms  Based on MIPSO Algorithm WANG Guirong, NI Zhiqiang, ZHOU Kun, WANG Binrui China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1044-1053.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.016 Abstract （1017）      PDF（pc） （5962KB）（128）       Knowledge map    Save  For the tasks of industrial robots finishing their work in the quickest possible time while meeting kinematics limitations， a time-optimal trajectory planning scheme was designed. Firstly， the robotic arms were modeled and analyzed， the kinematics equations were established. A 3-5-3 polynomial function was introduced as the research foundation of trajectory planning， and a time-optimal objective function was constructed under kinematics restrictions. Then， based on the improvement and optimization of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm， a MIPSO algorithm was proposed by using tent chaotic mapping to initialize the population. Additionally， dynamically varying learning factors， nonlinearly decreasing modified inertia weights， and mutation operations in genetic algorithms were introduced. Finally， various algorithms were employed to optimize the robotic arms operating time， and the comparative results reveal that the MIPSO algorithm achieves a greater level of solution accuracy. The optimal time obtained from the solution is applied to the physical robotic arms， and the joint motion curves obtained are continuous without abrupt changes， which verifies the feasibility of the proposed scheme.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Integrated Design Technology for New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Systems SHI Peicheng1, SHAN Zixian1, ZHU Hailong1, HAI Bin2, WANG Lei2, LU Fayan2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1611-1623.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.024 Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （6886KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save An integrated design technology of power battery systems for new energy vehicles was elaborated, and the advantages in space utilisation, range, and cost control were shown by analysing the technology such as moduleless, battery chassis integration and battery body integration. Other typical battery technology which promoted the development of automotive industry through structural innovation, thermal management optimisation and fast charging solutions were explored. The development directions of power battery system integration technology were outlooked in terms of intelligent integration, sustainable materials, and standardisation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Differential Steering Mechanism Based on Tire Cornering Biaofei SHI, Xiaoming YE, Haoyu LYU, Feng LAI China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2224-2231.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.008 Abstract （876）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （1816KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save Differential steering based on tire cornering suited low-speed， large steering radius scenarios of distributed drive electric vehicles（DDEV） without steering mechanisms. In order to study the mechanism of differential steering based on tire cornering， a 7-degree-of-freedom DDEV dynamic model with no steering mechanism and PAC2002 tire model were established. Then， the formation mechanism of differential steering was analyzed and a systematic analysis method from the input of differential longitudinal force to the output of vehicle steering radius of differential steering was proposed by considering the tire force longitudinal-lateral-coupling characteristics. Leveraging the proposed systematic analysis method， the stability of differential steering and the influences of differential longitudinal force， vehicle parameters and tire characteristics on steering radius were studied. Finally， a Carsim/Simulink joint simulation platform was established to simulate differential steering under different influencing factors. The results show that within the range of tire cornering， the larger the differential longitudinal force， the larger the ratio of track width to wheelbase， and the smaller the tire lateral stiffness， the smaller the steering radius. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Vehicle Lateral Control Strategy Integrating Road Curvature Feedforward Xinyou LIN, Zhongwei JIN, Yunliang TANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (11): 2774-2782.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.036 Abstract （863）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （2868KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low tracking accuracy of autonomous vehicles in the road with large curvature curves， the influences of road curvature on the lateral control strategy were focused， the lateral control strategy was improved and optimized based on the traditional model predictive control（MPC） algorithm from three aspects of vehicle model modeling， yaw stability and time domain optimization， respectively. The road curvature was integrated into the vehicle model， and an error dynamics model with curvature feedforward was established. And then， a lateral control strategy was designed based on curvature feedforward MPC algorithm. Then， a lateral stability constraint consisting of lateral vehicle speed and steady-state lateral angular velocity was added to the strategy to enhance the lateral stability of the vehicles under high curvature conditions. A MAP map was established based on genetic algorithm to optimize the prediction and control time domains of the strategy， taking into account the relationships among vehicle speed， road curvature and time domain. Simulation analysis was conducted， and the results show that the improved lateral control strategy may effectively improve the path tracking precision and lateral stability of the vehicles. Finally， the effectivenesses of the curvature feedforward MPC strategy were verified through real vehicle road tests. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems Considering Limited AGV Transportation Resources Guohui ZHANG, Yihao CAI, Zhixiao LI, Shenghui GUO, Haijun ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1811-1823.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.016 Abstract （857）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3435KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the flexible job shop scheduling problems of limited AGV transportation resources in the intelligent manufacturing environments， an integrated scheduling model for limited AGV transportation resources was established with the objective of minimizing the maximum completion time， total energy consumption and the delivery penalty value of workpieces. An improved NSGA -II solution algorithm was proposed to construct a three-stage coding scheme for the integrated scheduling model， and three initialization rules were designed to improve the quality and diversity of the initial population. Combined with the critical path， an improved variable neighborhood search was proposed to enhance the local search capability of the algorithm. In the experimental part， the algorithm was compared with other algorithms using various evaluation indexes， and the experimental results show that the algorithm may effectively solve the integrated scheduling problems of limited AGV transportation resources under different sizes of standard test cases and actual production cases of aviation enterprises. Meanwhile， the effectiveness of the integrated scheduling model was analyzed under different numbers of AGVs， and it is concluded that the number of AGVs in the flexible operation workshop conforms to the law of diminishing marginal effectiveness， so as to provide a reference for the configuration of AGVs in the actual manufacturing workshop. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Planning Based on Spatio-temporal Risk Fields Huifang KONG, Chenshun WANG, Qian ZHANG, Tiankuo LIU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2463-2471.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.036 Abstract （828）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （2976KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Aming to describe and avoid different dimensions of risks faced by intelligent vehicles， a two-layer trajectory planning method was proposed based on spatio-temporal risk fields. Traffic elements were divided into abstract elements and concrete elements， the spatial-temporal risk fields of abstract elements based on Gaussian distribution function and concrete elements based on spatial vector were established respectively to represent the environmental risks faced by intelligent vehicles in three dimensions： vertical， horizontal and temporal. Additionally， the trajectory planning problem of intelligent vehicles was divided into path and speed dual planning problem. The longitudinal-lateral dimension risk and longitudinal-temporal dimension risk were accordingly applied to dynamic planning cost function. Then， the path and speed with the comprehensive lowest cost were calculated， and combined with quadratic programming algorithm， the path and velocity were further optimized to obtain the final trajectory. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology may effectively characterize spatio-temporal driving risks across diverse scenarios while generating constraint-satisfying trajectories， thereby significantly enhance road driving safety. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Vehicle Yaw and Roll Stability Control Based on Dynamic Output Feedback YIN Xizhi1, 2, 3, HU Sanbao1, 2, 3, FENG Zhiyong1, 2, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1453-1462.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.007 Abstract （801）      PDF（pc） （3520KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the yaw and roll stability of in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles under extreme conditions such as high speed and low adhesion, a 3-DOF multi-cell model of vehicle lateral dynamics was established, and a robust layered controller was proposed. The local optimal solution of the upper-level reduced-order dynamic output feedback controller was obtained by iterative search, with the demands for the pole configuration and H∞ performance constraints at the same time. With the optimization objective of minimizing the comprehensive tire load rate, the optimal torque of the lower four wheels was obtained. Simulink and CarSim co-simulation results show that this control strategy may significantly improve vehicle stability under different working conditions, and maintain robustness to system parameter variations and external disturbances.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Residual Life Prediction for Bearings Based on Bearing Degradation State Assessment and IGAT-BiGRU Network SONG Lijun, LIU Songlin, XIN Yu, MA Jinghua, XIE Zhengqiu China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1562-1572.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.019 Abstract （783）      PDF（pc） （8759KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the influences of working conditions and operating conditions, the collected status monitoring data was interfered with strong noise in full life cycle of rolling bearings, and the bearing operating life degradation was nonlinear, which seriously affected the accuracy of residual life prediction. So, a bearing residual life prediction method was proposed based on a joint high-precision FPT degradation state evaluation and an IGAT-BiGRU network, and the XJTU-SY full life cycle bearing dataset was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed prediction method may effectively capture the deep spatiotemporal features that characterize the bearing degradation states, and significantly improve the residual life prediction accuracy, compared with methods such as CNN-LSTM. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization and Experimental Study of Bolt Retreat Groove Rolling Wheels Based on Finite Element Simulation NIU Yanzhao1, LIU Hongwei1, SONG Yali2, ZHU Xianglong1, HUANG Jiamei2, KANG Renke1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1214-1221.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.009 Abstract （751）      PDF（pc） （15061KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save The bolt retreat groove surfaces were susceptible to stress concentration and prone to fatigue failure. To bolster the fatigue resistance of bolts retreat groove surfaces, a specialized rolling tool for the retreat grooves was engineered. The structure of the rolling wheels was optimized based on finite element simulation outcomes of the interaction between the rolling wheel and the bolts retreat grooves. The optimized parameters were utilized to create the rolling tools, and a rolling experiments were carried out. The effectiveness of the rolling wheel parameter optimization was validated by assessing the rolled surface quality, fracture morphology, and fatigue life. The findings indicate that the most favorable residual stress results on the retreat groove surfaces are obtained with a YG8 material rolling wheel with diameter of 60 mm and face angle of 45°. A rolling wheel fillet radius of 0.9 mm produces the deepest residual compressive stress layers, a radius of 1.1 mm yields the highest subsurface residual compressive stress value, and a radius of 1.2 mm generates the maximum surface compressive stress. Trials were conducted with rolling tools featuring three distinct fillet radii, and the extended fatigue life of the bolts is ascertained with a 0.9 mm fillet radius rolling wheels, thereby confirming the optimal configuration of the rolling tools. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Constant Force Control System of Robot Bonnet Polishing Based on Fuzzy Impedance Control LI Lucheng, WANG Zhenzhong, HUANG Xuepeng China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1028-1034.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.014 Abstract （718）      PDF（pc） （7127KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save In order to keep the contact force constant during the bonnet polishing processes， a fuzzy impedance control robot bonnet polishing constant force control system was designed which might adjust the damping coefficient in real time， and the simulations of the robot bonnet polishing constant force control system were carried out. The simulation results show that the system has good contact force convergence. The polishing experiments of planar and curved optical components and the contrast polishing experiments of force/position actuators were carried out. The experimental results show that the system may realize the constant control of the contact forces during the bonnet polishing， and the force fluctuation ranges may be controlled within 3 N. The control system may effectively control the fluctuation ranges of the contact forces in the field of robot bonnet polishing， and ensure the consistency of surface precision for the machined workpieces.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Construction Techniques for Wind Power Equipment Contextual Knowledge Graphs SHI Zhiyuan1, 2, KONG Zhiwei2, CHEN Junzhen3, WANG Shuying3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1206-1213.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.008 Abstract （703）      PDF（pc） （10201KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Traditional methods for constructing knowledge graphs didnt consider the contextual constraints on knowledge, making it challenging to effectively represent the complex associative relationships among vast knowledge in complex electromechanical equipment like wind turbines. This limitation hindered the practical applications of knowledge graphs in the production processes. This paper proposed a method for constructing a context-aware knowledge graph tailored for wind turbine equipment. Initially, the method extracted contextual knowledge, module meta-knowledge, and module instance knowledge generated from project customization. Utilizing the SHACL, an ontology model was constructed, incorporating context paths and attribute value constraints, thereby precisely characterizing and extracting various knowledge types. Furthermore, an ontology parsing-based algorithm is introduced for visualizing contextual knowledge subgraphs. Through the parsing of contextual knowledge classes within the ontology, data observation windows were generated for each contextual class, facilitating the construction of multi-dimensional visualization interactions tailored to specific scenarios. Through practical applications, the proposed method effectively integrates module meta-knowledge with project-specific module instance knowledge, meeting the demands for precise representation and diverse application scenarios in wind turbine equipment knowledge. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modeling and Identification of Robot End-payloads Based on Joint Torque Balance GAO Guanbin1, 2, ZHAO Siguo1, 2, LI Yingjie1, 2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1188-1197.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.006 Abstract （664）      PDF（pc） （8978KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save  To address the challenges of decoupling center of mass parameters in existing end-payload identification methods and the difficulty of implementation on robots with non-open controllers, a torque-balance-based modeling and identification method was proposed for robot end-payloads. The identifiability conditions of the end-payloads were analyzed under joint torque balance, and identification models for the end-payload mass and center of mass position were established. To further decouple the mass and center of mass parameters, a three-step identification strategy was designed, where the load mass was identified first, followed by the center of mass position in x and y, and finally in z. This strategy effectively eliminated the error terms introduced by the projection of joint torques in the identification models. The efficiency of the proposed method was validated through simulation and experiments. Compared with the built-in identification method of a non-open-source six-degree-of-freedom robot, the average error in mass identification is reduced from 0.103 kg to 0.032 kg, while the average error in center of mass position identification is decreased from 50.25 mm to 4.14 mm. Furthermore, compared with dynamics parameter identification, the mass identification error is reduced from 0.179 kg to 0.083 kg, and the center of mass position error is reduced from 10.13 mm to 4.33 mm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modelling and Optimisation of Dynamic Scheduling in Chinese Materia Medica Pharmaceuticals Workshops Based on Multiple Motivation Drivers ZHAO Peirui1, DENG Chao1, ZHU Bo1, YAN Wenbin1, LIANG Min2, CHEN Min2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1247-1260，1299.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.012 Abstract （659）      PDF（pc） （19210KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save A dynamic scheduling problem of Chinese materia medica pharmaceutical workshop driven by multiple dynamic factors(DSP-CMMPW-MDF) model was established, the multiple dynamic factors such as raw material shortages, emergency order insertions, and machine breakdowns. An improved artificial bee colony with Q-learning(IABC-QL) algorithm was proposed to solve the DSP-CMMPW-MDF with the optimization objective of minimizing makespan. In the IABC-QL algorithm, an opposition-based learning strategy was proposed to generate the initial population, ensuring high quality and diversity of the population individuals. Five local search operations were designed to enhance the deep exploration capability of the algorithm. Thus the proposed model and algorithm were applied to a Chinese materia medica pharmaceutical granule production workshop. The results show that the proposed model may effectively improve the flexibility and adaptability of the production systems in the face of uncertainties. Additionally, a comparison with existing algorithms validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fault Diagnosability Evaluation of Meta Actuation Units Based on SABO-VMD Hongyu GE, Zhan ZHAO, Anxiang GUO, Jiarui SUN China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1774-1783.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.013 Abstract （646）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （2765KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save This paper introduced an evaluative approach to gauge the complexity of fault diagnosis within meta actuation units. The methodology commences with the decomposition of fault signals from these units， utilizing a VMD technique refined by SABO. The processes included the applications of a Kurtosis-based criterion to select pertinent intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）， culminating in the creation of a feature vector grounded in envelope entropy. The evaluative task then pivoted on employing Cosine distance as a measure of similarity， recasting the fault diagnosability problems into one of assessing the likeness of vibration signal feature vectors across varying fault conditions. A diagnosability evaluation matrix for the meta actuation units was formulated， which layed the foundation for a diagnostic index. It is concluded with an empirical validation using a worm gear-based meta actuation unit； the findings confirm the method’s efficacy in quantitatively gauging the diagnosability of diverse fault patterns. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Adhesion Characteristics of Novel Negative-pressure Adhesion Wall-climbing Robots DONG Weiguang1, LIU Aihua2, SONG Yifeng2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1198-1205.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.007 Abstract （639）      PDF（pc） （6528KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save Addressing the challenge in optimizing the adhesion performance of wall-climbing robots based on negative pressure adhesion method due to the complexity of internal flow fields and difficulties in precise modeling, a flow field modeling method was proposed based on flow rate conservation. According to the structural characteristics of negative pressure adhesion systems of a wall-climbing robot, mathematical models of airflow field in negative pressure adhesion systems were built by combining the laws of thermodynamics and N-S equations using air flow rate as the related factor. Then, key influencing factors of adhesion performance were identified based on the model: sealing ring width, leakage gap height, and centrifugal pump power. The effective adhesion forces were changing with airflow of adhesion systems. Results of the simulation and prototype experiments show that the models constructed herein may accurately reflect the changing rules of adhesion performance, and may provide evidences for the optimization of adhesion performance of wall climbing robots with negative pressure adhesion method. Finally, according to the movement characteristics of the wall-climbing robots， adsorption performance optimization strategy was increasing the rated adsorption force to self gravity ratio while decreasing the effective adsorption force to self gravity ratio. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rigid-flexible Coupling Identification of MDOF Excitation for Door Limiter and Shaking Optimization of Window Frame during Closing Chengzhan LI, Pengcheng GUO, Congchang XU, Luoxing LI, Yongfu XIAO, Shuxia JIANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (11): 2792-2800.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.038 Abstract （635）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （3581KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems that traditional NVH analysis struggled to accurately extract and predict the dynamic excitation and response of vehicle doors during rotation， a new method was proposed and applied to vibration transfer function analysis based on rigid-flexible coupling for identifying MDOF excitation. Taking the abnormal shaking of the window frame during door closing in a specific vehicle model as the research objective， a whole vehicle rigid-flexible coupling model was established by using multibody dynamics method. The MDOF acceleration dynamic excitation at the limiter installation points was extracted for transfer function analysis. The comparison between simulation and testing results shows that consistent peak values of vibration acceleration are detected at 12 Hz， which verifies the accuracy of the rigid-flexible coupling model. Then， the key factors affecting window frame shaking during door closing were analyzed via simulation， identifying the limiter structure as the core optimization target. An optimization scheme was proposed， and vibration transfer function analysis under the extracted dynamic excitation shows that the optimized limiter structure may significantly reduce the window frame shaking level during door closing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Absolute Linear Time-grid Displacement Sensors with  Multi-frequency Magnetic Field Coupling YANG Jisen1, 2, 3, YUAN Junsong1, 3, XIU Fu1, 3, LIU Jiacheng1, 3, ZHANG Xiaolong1, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 889-897.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.001 Abstract （622）      PDF（pc） （8864KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of mutual crosstalk among magnetic fields affecting the measurement accuracy of the sensors and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio when the excitation frequency of two code channels of a dual-row planar magnetic field sensor was the same， a multi-frequency magnetic field coupled absolute linear time-grid displacement sensor design scheme was proposed， which achieved the solution to the problems of eliminating the crosstalk of the magnetic fields among the code channels while solving the absolute displacement. The sensor was divided into fixed scale and dynamic scale， both using double-layer alternating structure， fixed scale using two columns of incremental code channel combination， divided into fine and coarse machines， the pairs of poles of two rows of excitation coils were two integers of the reciprocal relation， the absolute displacement measurement was realized by using the pairs of poles within the displacement difference. Precision machine measurement channel and rough machine measurement channel were input  different frequencies of the excitation current signals at the same time，  the precision machine was input the 1 MHz high-frequency current signals， the high-frequency excitation current signals might effectively enhance the inductive signals， improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the electrical processing system. Through the method of outlier frequency reduction， the sensor resolution was improved， which effectively solved the problems that it were difficult to reconcile the signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of the signals by increasing the frequency of the excitation signals and the high resolution of the sensors. Theoretical validation and error analysis of the sensors were carried out through electromagnetic simulation analysis. Finally， the experimental platform was built to carry out prototype experiments， and the experimental results show that the absolute sensor structure with multi-frequency magnetic field coupling effectively eliminates the magnetic field crosstalk between the fine and coarse machines， and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors is improved， with measurement errors are less than ±17.34 μm in the measurement range of 140 mm.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Passive Compliance Control Method of High Altitude Wind Turbine Blade Grinding Robots Based on Improved ADRC Hao LI, Xinrong LIU, Yiqin LIU, Diqing FAN China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1832-1841.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.018 Abstract （611）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （3159KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save To cope with unknown disturbances at high altitudes and maintain a constant contact forces at the end of a high-altitude wind turbine blade repair robots during polishing， a passive compliant control algorithm was proposed based on an improved ADRC approach. The algorithm combined dead-zone compensation and gravity compensation algorithms， fully considering issues such as gas compressibility in the pneumatic systems， characteristics of electrical proportional valve dead zones， changes in tilt angle during polishing processes， and unknown disturbances during high-altitude operations.A tracking differentiator was utilized for excessive input signals， a state observer was employed to monitor system disturbances， and compensated through a state error feedback control law. By establishing the mathematical model of the control systems and conducting simulation analysis， it is found that this control algorithm improves both force control performance and response speed compared to the traditional proportional-integral-derivative（PID） algorithm. An experimental platform was constructed to conduct experiments under various operating conditions. The experimental results show that the control algorithm systems achieve 44.6% to 51.4% reductions in settling time， a decrease in the absolute maximum error by 45.4% to 69.4%， and reductions in mean square error by 56.5% to 91.2%. Therefore， this algorithm demonstrates improved dynamic response performance and force control accuracy， along with strong disturbance rejection capabilities and robustness， providing a theoretical foundation for practical engineering applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fusion of Degradation Feature Information and Remaining Life Prediction for Rolling Bearings ZHANG Jianyu, WANG Liuzhen, XIAO Yong, MA Yanan China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1553-1561.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.018 Abstract （603）      PDF（pc） （7450KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save To address the demands for remaining life prediction of rolling bearings, a prediction model was proposed based on SAE and BiLSTM network. Taking the full-life vibration data of rolling bearings as research object, a degradation index set was constructed by developing a hyperbolic inverse transformation-based health indicator and a frequency-domain harmonic degradation factor. The SAE was employed for feature fusion to extract key features and eliminate redundant information. Meanwhile, the BiLSTM model was utilized to capture temporal dependencies and achieve full-cycle life prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms support vector regression, extreme learning machines, and convolutional neural networks in terms of smaller prediction errors and stronger generalization capabilities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tool Wear Monitoring Based on IWOA-IECA-BiLSTM Model BAO Zhenke, CAO Huajun, QIN Fengze, CHEN Zhixiang, TAO Guibao China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2936-2943.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.016 Abstract （600）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （2374KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the monitoring accuracy of tool wear during machining， a BiLSTM model based on IWOA and IECA mechanism was proposed. Tool wear data segments from the PHM2010 dataset were intercepted， and multi-domain features were extracted. Tool wear strongly correlated features were then obtained by screening with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The input features were used to train the model. The BiLSTM module in the model effectively captured temporal features within the data. The IECA attention mechanism module enhances the feature representational capability. The IWOA module optimized the model's hyperparameters， further improving the model accuracy. The model performance was finally tested based on three-fold cross-validation and compared with several other models. The results demonstrate that the IWOA-IECA-BiLSTM tool wear monitoring model achieves the best performance on most test sets. On test sets C1，C4 and C6， the root mean square error （RMSE） values are as low as 6.5， 12.46， and 9.28， respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-objective Trajectory Planning of Manipulators Based on Improved SSA Jianlin LIU, Haisong HUANG, Qingsong FAN, Chi MA, Langlang ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2047-2056.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.017 Abstract （599）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （5244KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save To optimize the three objectives of efficiency， energy consumption and impacts at the same time， a multi-objective trajectory planning model was proposed based on an improved SSA. Firstly， the artificial potential field method （APF） was used for path planning to obtain the shortest and collision-free path of the manipulator grasping the materials， and the key motion sequence was extracted to establish a multi-objective function. Then， aiming at the problems of multi-objective salp swarm algorithm （MSSA）， such as poor diversity of initial population， easy to fall into local optimum and slow convergence in solution set space， an improved algorithm namely logistic-sine multi-objective salp swarm algorithm（LMSSA）was proposed. The algorithm combined logistic-sine chaotic mapping， pinhole imaging learning strategy and golden sine development strategy to optimize the control nodes of the seventh-order B-spline curve and complete the multi-objective motion trajectory planning of the robotic arms. Finally， the trajectory planning model was applied to the actual grasping tasks of the manipulator UR16e by building MATLAB-CoppeliaSim-UR16e experimental platform. Experimental results show that based on LMSSA， the manipulator motion planning method realizes the accurate， efficient and energy-saving motion trajectory planning of the manipulator， and is successfully applied to the actual operation scenes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Reliability Allocation Method Considering Distribution and Transmission Models for Mechanical Systems WANG Zhichao1, LIU Chao1, RAN Yan2, CHEN Yifan3, JIANG Dongxiang1, ZHANG Genbao2, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1143-1150.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.001 Abstract （594）      PDF（pc） （1184KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save To address the problems of the allocation reliability of lower-level units being greater than that of the upper-level unit in the multi-layer structure reliability allocation of mechanical systems, a novel reliability allocation method was proposed. Firstly, the mechanical systems were divided into a system-function-motion-action(SFMA) hierarchy structure. Then, according to the hierarchy structure consisting of distribution and transmission models, the reliability allocation techniques were proposed by combining the minimum cost method and reliability function, and the reliability allocation models of the mechanical systems, function units, motion units, and sub-motion units were established from top to bottom. Finally, taking the gear grinding machine as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-tool Optimization Milling Method for Complex Cavities Based on Tool Allowable Loads HAN Feiyan, ZHAO Yipeng, LI Hongyang, ZHANG Hao, WANG Che, PENG Xianlong, ZHANG Chuanwei China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 986-994.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.010 Abstract （564）      PDF（pc） （10939KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save  For 2.5D complex cavity CNC rough milling， the existing tool combination selection methods might not adequately consider the actual allowable loads of the tool， and the cutting load changed abruptly when machining with a contour-parallel tool path， which was easy to lead to chipping and tool breakage， affecting the safety and efficiency of rough milling. Therefore， a multi-tool optimization milling method was proposed for complex cavities based on tool allowable loads. An optimization model for milling efficiency with tool allowable loads as the constraint was established， and the optimal tool combination was selected from the available tool sets based on genetic algorithm. According to the selected tool combination， an adaptive machining area division method for complex cavities and a trochoidal and contour-parallel hybrid tool path generation method for multi-tool machining were given. A 2.5D complex cavity rough milling as the object of case analysis， under the tool allowable load constraints the optimal tool combination was selected and the combination of trochoidal and contour-parallel tool path was generated. Finally， the machining comparison results with the trochoidal milling method of NX software shows that the machining efficiency of the proposed method is improved by 25.9%， and the changes of machine loads are smooth during the machining processes， which verifies that the proposed multi-tool optimization milling method is feasible and effective.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Precise Regulation of Differential Pressures at Port of Load-sensitive Multi-way Valves Based on ADRC Algorithm LEI Xingmao1, DING Haigang1, 2, WANG Simin3, YANG Chengcheng1, PANG Zhizhen1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 954-962，973.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.007 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （9511KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save  Load-sensitive multi-way valve was the core component for the hydraulic system of construction machinery， the pressure compensator was used to keep the differential pressure of the valve ports constant， but the differential pressure was susceptible to the spool opening and load changes， resulting in low accuracy of the main valve flow rate control.Therefore， a new type of load-sensitive multi-way valve differential pressure continuous control method was proposed， a proportional solenoid was used to push the spools of the compensator valves， and ADRC algorithm was used to control the proportional solenoid thrusts and realize the closed-loop control of differential pressures of the main valves， so as to accurately control the flow rate.Firstly， the working principle of the system was introduced and a mathematical model was established， then a simulation model was established based on AMESim-MATLAB joint simulation platform， and a test bench was built for experimental validation， the characteristics of the valve differential pressure maintenance and the main valve flow rate regulation were analyzed under the conditions of load changes and main valve opening degree changes. The results show that compared with the load changes， the changes of the main valve opening degree have a greater impact on the  differential pressures. A new type of valve port differential pressure control structure and method may accurately control the load-sensitive multi-way valve differential pressures， so as to achieve the effectiveness of precise control of the flow rate， and may actively regulate the differential pressures without changing the main valve opening degree， so as to achieve the flow rate for the further regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multicollinearity Parameter Feature Selection for Manufacturing Processes Based on LLEs HU Sheng1, 2, GAO Bingbing1, ZHANG Xi1, LIU Dengji1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1238-1246.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.011 Abstract （558）      PDF（pc） （7980KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save In manufacturing processes, a large number of parameters were easily caused to have multicollinearity, which led to problems such as inaccurate prediction of quality indicators. To address these problems, a feature selection method for multicollinear parameters in the manufacturing processes was proposed based on LLE. Firstly, the multicollinearity of the manufacturing process parameters was diagnosed, and then the multicollinearity was eliminated by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression. Secondly, the LLE algorithm was used to perform feature selection on the parameters after LASSO regression to obtain independent feature spaces, and they were input into the whale optimization algorithm-support vector machine(WOA-SVM) model to verify the parameter feature selection effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through case analysis. The results show that compared with the original data, the proposed method may obtain more accurate prediction results under a lower-dimensional feature space, the correlation coefficient value is up to 0.9702, and the accuracy of feature selection increases by 24.989%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）