Abstract:  Due to the large size of aircraft parts and the complex distribution of tooling on the assembly site, the laser tracker had poor visibility. During the guided assembly or off-rack inspection, it was necessary to adjust the laser tracker station repeatedly, which seriously affected the measurement stability and efficiency. To solve this problem, a method was proposed for optimizing the station of a laser tracker in aircraft assembly based on digital twins. A measurement constrained model of laser trackers for aircraft assembly was established. The digital twin environment was established based on an accurate simulation of aircraft assembly site elements. Then, the optimization of laser tracker station placement was completed. Finally, a measurement simulation of the laser trackers in the digital twin environment was conducted to verify the feasibility of the genetic algorithm in solving the optimal station of the laser trackers. The results show that the coverage rate of the optimized laser tracker to the measuring points is increased by 110%, and the coincidence rate of the measuring points is increased from 11.7% to 55.5%, both the coverage rate and the coincidence rate of the measuring points of the laser trackers are significantly improved.

Key words:  , digital twins, station optimization, laser tracker, aircraft assembly, genetic algorithm

摘要： 由于飞机部件尺寸大，装配现场工装分布复杂，导致激光跟踪仪通视不佳，在引导装配或下架检验时需要反复调整激光跟踪仪站位，严重影响了测量稳定性及效率。为解决此问题，提出基于数字孪生的飞机装配激光跟踪仪站位优化方法。建立了面向飞机装配的激光跟踪仪测量约束模型，构建了基于飞机装配现场要素精准仿真的数字孪生系统，完成了对激光跟踪仪布站位置的优化，最后通过对数字孪生系统中激光跟踪仪的测量仿真，验证了遗传算法求解激光跟踪仪最佳站位的可行性。研究结果表明，优化后激光跟踪仪对测量点的覆盖率提高了110%，测量点的重合率由11.7%提高到55.5%，激光跟踪仪对测量点的覆盖率和测量点的重合率均有显著提升。

关键词: 数字孪生, 站位优化, 激光跟踪仪, 飞机装配, 遗传算法