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Chatter Identification Method for Heavy-duty Robotic Milling Systems Based on Variational Mode Filtering and Attention Mechanism LIANG Zhiqiang1, 2, CHEN Sichen1, DU Yuchao1, LIU Baolong1, 2, GAO Zirui1, YUE Yi3, XIAO Yubin4, ZHENG Haoran1, QIU Tianyang1, LIU Zhibing1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1018-1027,1073.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.013 Abstract （1511）      PDF（pc） （7393KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save A method was proposed for identifying chatters in heavy-duty robotic milling systems by integrating variational mode filtering with fixed parameters, envelope filtering and an attention mechanism network identification. Initially, variational mode filtering theory was applied to eliminate non-chatter signal components in the high-frequency ranges by optimally selecting a quadratic penalty. Then, to swiftly identify the current machining conditions, the envelope filtering method was employed, leveraging signal time domain distribution and the frequency domain mapping law to remove the spindle speed-related signal components in the low-frequency ranges. Subsequently, a network identification model incorporating an attention mechanism was developed to identify preprocessed multi-temporal short-term signal segments for machining condition identification, followed by verification experiments on heavy-duty robotic milling systems. Experimental analysis results demonstrate that by eliminating non-chatter signals in the high-frequency ranges and spindle speed-related components in the low-frequency ranges, the accuracy of regenerative chatter identification is significantly enhanced, achieving an identification accuracy of 98.75%. Compared with alternative identification methods, the proposed method may effectively identify regenerative chatters during heavy-duty robotic milling processes, thus offering valuable technical support for future online chatter suppression of heavy-duty robotic milling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Nanosecond Laser Machining of Spiral Grooves of Dry Gas Seal Rotational Ring Surfaces Wenqian LI, Zhanqiang LIU, Jinfu ZHAO, Bing WANG, Yukui CAI China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2207-2214.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.006 Abstract （477）   HTML （56）    PDF（pc） （3972KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save An experimental study on the nanosecond laser processing of the spiral groove on the dry gas seal rotational ring surfaces made of GH4169 was carried out. Orthogonal tests and one-factor methods were utilized to reveal the effects of laser power， scanning speed， filling spacing and repetition frequency on the spiral groove depth and bottom roughness Ra， and to determine the appropriate combination of laser processing parameters. The results show that the greatest influence on the depth of the spiral grooves on the surfaces of GH4169 alloy is the laser power， followed by the repetition frequency and the scanning speed， and the greatest influence on the roughness of the groove bottoms is the scanning speed， followed by the repetition frequency and the scanning spacing. With the laser power of 18 W， scanning speed of 40 mm/s， fill spacing of 0.005 mm， and repetition frequency of 50 kHz， the spiral grooves on the machined rotational ring surfaces is able to meet the machining requirements of groove depth of 7 μm， and groove bottom roughness of Ra≤0.8 μm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Microscopic Crack Initiation and Extension Mechanism in 8Cr4Mo4V Bearing Steels Tianyu MA, Gu GONG, Hongrui CAO, Jianghai SHI, Xunkai WEI, Lijun ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2179-2189.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.003 Abstract （555）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （7456KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the influences of cementite on the mechanics properties of the matrix and the initiation and propagation of microcracks in 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steels， molecular dynamics models were used to systematically analyze the effects of cementite's geometric parameters （such as shape， size， and position） on crack initiation and extension mechanism. And combined with cohesive force theory， the characteristics of interface crack propagation were studied. The results indicate that cementite significantly enhances the mechanics properties of the bcc-Fe matrix， with smaller cementite particles providing a more pronounced strengthening effectiveness. While the shape and position of cementite exert a relatively minor impact on overall mechanics performance， sharper inclusions accelerate crack propagation， and the position of inclusions determines the crack propagation path. Furthermore， interfaces between the bcc-Fe matrix and cementite， as well as twin boundaries with larger misorientation angles， exhibit increased resistance to crack initiation and propagation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tribological Properties of Polyelectrolyte-Modified PEEK Composite Materials GAO Chuanbao, ZHANG Xinyue, CEN Jiajia, CHEN Qin, FENG Haiyan, CHEN Kai, ZHANG Dekun China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 14-21.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.002 Abstract （280）   HTML （36）    PDF（pc） （2572KB）（318）       Knowledge map    Save To enhance the tribological properties of PEEK， a “modify-then-form” approach was proposed. Hydrophilic SPMK was grafted onto the PEEK powder surface via UV-induced polymerization， then the PEEK-SPMK composites were prepared by hot-pressing. The friction and wear behaviors of modified PEEK under various operating conditions were analyzed， revealing the influence mechanism and lubrication mechanism of polyelectrolyte SPMK powder modification on the tribological behavior of PEEK composites.Results indicate that SPMK powder modification significantly enhances PEEK surface wettability. The friction coefficient（0.028） and wear rate（5.6×10{}^{-\mathrm{7}} mm³/（N·m）） of PEEK-SPMK in physiological saline are markedly reduced compared to pure PEEK. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Applications of Metal Laser Additive Manufacturing Technology for High-end Equipment Kai YANG, Lei WANG, Yongkai TANG, Moubin LIU, Ziao GUO China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2068-2080.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.019 Abstract （372）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3960KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save A comprehensive review of the innovative applications and development of laser additive manufacturing technology in high-end equipment manufacturing was provided. Firstly， the basic principles and advantages were introduced， including the ability to achieve integrated manufacturing of complex structures， optimized design of materials and structures， and improvement of component performance. Further， the innovative opportunities brought by laser additive manufacturing technology to high-end equipment manufacturing in aspects were discussed such as new material development， new process innovations， new structures design， and new functions integration. The challenges faced in the applications of laser additive manufacturing technology in high-end equipment manufacturing were analyzed， such as technical difficulties in material system development and new material applications， manufacturing equipment development， online monitoring and quality control technology during the manufacturing processes， and improvement of post-processing technologies. Finally， the future development trends of laser additive manufacturing technology for high-end equipment were outlooked. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Aerodynamic Optimization of Radial Turbines Based on Surrogate Model of Pre-screened Strategies and DFFD Parameterization Tianqi WANG, Jiang CHEN, Hang XIANG, Xiaofei SONG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2171-2178.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.002 Abstract （403）   HTML （30）    PDF（pc） （3107KB）（285）       Knowledge map    Save There were some problems such as difficult geometric control， many control variables and low optimization efficiency in aerodynamic optimization of three-dimensional complex blade surfaces of radial turbines. To solve these problems， multi-degree-of-freedom parameterization of radial turbine runner and blade multidimensional geometry were implemented based on DFFD method. Then an differential evolution algorithm assisted by surrogate models of pre-screened strategies（Pre-SADE） was introduced. Finally， a data-driven three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization platform for centripetal turbines was constructed by combining python and batch script of process automation. The platform was used to carry out the joint optimization design of flow channel-static/rotating blades for the radial turbines. The results show that after optimization， the adiabatic efficiency and mass-flow of the design point of the centripetal turbines are increased by 1.66% and 1.7% respectively， which effectively reduces the shock intensity in the guide vane channel and the shock loss on the suction surfaces of the guide vane， and the efficiency characteristics of the design rotational speed are improved in all working conditions. Finally， the method and platform may ensure the aerodynamic optimization efficiency， and effectively reduce the optimization variables and sample real evaluation times， significantly improve the optimization efficiency， and meet the rapid and elaborate optimization design requirements of radial turbines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tribological Properties and Mechanism of Nanostructured Carbon Films under Coupling Effect of Temperature and Electric Field YU Zhimin, CHEN Lei, FAN Xue China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 30-39.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.004 Abstract （190）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （7563KB）（278）       Knowledge map    Save The nanostructured carbon films including amorphous carbon films and graphene nanocrystalline carbon films were prepared on SiO2 substrates. A self-designed reciprocating tribometer capable for applying coupled multi-physical fields was employed to investigate the tribological properties of the different nanostructured carbon films under the coupling effect of temperature and electric field. At room temperature， the electric field was the dominant factor for affecting the friction coefficient of nanostructured carbon films. When the temperature of tribopair was 200 ℃， temperature became the main influencing factor. Under the coupling effects of temperature and electric field， the structured evolution to graphitic-like structure leads the reduction of friction coefficient of amorphous carbon film. While the nanostructure of graphene nanocrystalline carbon film is stable， but the aggravated wear results in significant fluctuations of friction coefficient. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cross-domain Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Based on Joint Subdomain Contrast Alignment YANG Kang1, CHEN Xuejun1, 2, ZHANG Lei3, LIU Feng3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1065-1073.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.018 Abstract （2270）      PDF（pc） （5744KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save The fault data of bearings exhibited significant distribution discrepancies under varying operating conditions， relatively low diagnostic accuracy was resulted in practical fault detection models. Additionally， most existing research on cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis primarily emphasized inter-domain alignment and intra-class comparison， while neglecting the influences of interactions between subdomains. Therefore， a cross-domain fault diagnosis method of bearings was proposed based on joint subdomain contrast alignment. In order to highlight the fault features， the bearing vibration signals were transformed into time-frequency graph by short-time Fourier transform， and the fault features were obtained by inputting them into the feature extraction module. Domain adaptation methods achieved cross-domain recognition by transferring knowledge learned from the source domain to the target domain. During the domain adaptation processes， a joint subdomain contrast alignment strategy was used to bring samples from the same subdomain closer together while separating samples from different subdomains， which aligned the subdomain distributions of the same class samples among the source and target domains， thereby enhancing the models generalization ability in the target domain. Resnet34 was used as the feature extraction network on the model architecture， and the maximum mean difference was used at the output of the network to align the global distribution of the source domain and the target domain. Compared with the classical domain adaptation methods， the experimental results on the bearing fault data set of Case Western Reserve University shows that the cross-domain fault diagnosis method of bearings based on joint subdomain contrast alignment has better feature transfer ability.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Flow Field Characteristics of Mesoscopic Impinging Jets under Influences of Wall Micro-defects Rui HONG, Jianjun HU, Yang XIAO, Yaolan JIN, Jing YAO, Xiangdong KONG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2215-2223.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.007 Abstract （241）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （4590KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the effects of micro-defects caused by erosion wear and cavitation on flow field law and fluid energy conversion characteristics after long-term service of the nozzle-receiver pilot stage of the jet pipe servo valves. Micro-PIV technology was used to directly test the flow structure and vortex distribution in the square cavity when the original mesoscopic close-range jet impacted the micro-defect target plate. The influences of micro-defect size， shape， and location on vortex morphology and the evolution were investigated， and the underlying mechanism governing the splitting and merging phenomena of vortex cores within a square cavity were elucidated. The results show that the existence of wall micro-defects directly affects the energy transfer and dissipation of the wall jets， leading to a significantly different vortex structure and energy distribution in the jet gap and square cavity than that when there are no defects. As the size of the micro-concave increases， the circular-like vortex pairs in the square cavity on both sides show a tendency to gradually split and move away from the bottom wall. While as the size of micro-convex increases， the cocoon-like vortex pairs in the square cavity on both sides show an evolutionary law of gradually normalization and moving closer to that of the bottom wall. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progresses of Current Carrying Tribological Behavior of Materials under Influences of Service Environment SHEN Mingxue, CHEN Siyang, WU Haihong, XIAO Li, Wang Nenghui, JI Dehui China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 2-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.001 Abstract （316）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （29450KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save The research progresses on current-carrying tribological behavior of materials under service environmental influences were reviewed herein. It was summarized that the tribological performance and the dynamic evolution of electrical arcs under various environmental conditions such as humidity， temperature， atmosphere， crosswind， and air pressure. The mechanism of current-carrying wear under different service environments was clarified， along with the roles of third‑body media （e.g.， water， ice， oxide films） induced by the environments in wear damage and arc erosion of the friction pairs. The intrinsic relationship between external environmental factors and material damage in current-carrying friction pairs was revealed to advance the development of current-carrying friction theory. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Method for Accelerated Tribological Property Evolution Experiments of Conformal Contact Surfaces in Mixed Lubrication Regime ZHANG Ziyang, GONG Yajing, WANG Yuechang China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 22-29.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.003 Abstract （181）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （2108KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save An acceleration experimental design method for hybrid-lubrication conformal-contact surface tribological evolution was proposed. The method was based on the concept of “viscosity-reduction acceleration”， where the asperity contact states were preserved while the evolution of tribological behavior was accelerated by increasing the interaction frequency between surface asperities. The approach was validated by Plint TE-92 friction and wear tester.The results show that at the non-accelerated condition （sliding speed is as 0.2 m/s， temperature is as 25 °C， duration is as 20 min） and the corresponding accelerated condition （sliding speed is as 0.4 m/s， temperature is as 47 °C， duration is as 10 min） share the highly consistent values of friction coefficient， and 3D surface parameters Sq and Ssk. It indicates that the wear effect of 10-minute in test with accelerated parameters is equivalent to that of 20-minute in test with non-accelerated parameters. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Mechanics Properties of 45 Steel Treated by Plasma Zhaobo PENG, Jinxing KONG, Dongxing DU, Hankun LUO, Hen YUE China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2190-2197.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.004 Abstract （548）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （2599KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the influences of plasma treatment on the mechanics properties of 45 steel， the changes of mechanics properties of 45 steel before and after treatment were studied by combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. The test results show that the hardness and tensile mechanics properties of 45 steel are obviously decreased after plasma treatment. Under the treatment durations of 1， 5 and 10 min， the nano-hardnessis decreased by 12%， 21% and 28% respectively， and the longer the treatment time， the better the modification effect， and the duration of the modification effect is more than 20 h. When the thickness of tensile specimens is as 0.1， 0.15 and 0.2 mm， the tensile strength decreases by 3.3%， 4.5% and 5.3%， and the elongation after fracture decreases by 39.69%， 42.17% and 42.49%， respectively. The molecular dynamics simulation results show that the number and strength of Fe-Fe bonds in 45 steel are reduced after plasma modification， resulting in the reduction of yield strength and surface hardness of the materials， which is basically consistent with the experimental results. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification and Evaluation of Key Error Elements in Complex Composite Aviation Componts Assembly Driven by Mechanism and Data Model Fusion GUO Feiyan1, ZHANG Hui2, SONG Changjie1, ZHANG Shuo1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1530-1543.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.016 Abstract （1705）      PDF（pc） （6423KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save  In composite assembly of complex aviation products, the factors such as part deformations under loads, numerous parameters and so on were considered. Deformation error source models for key assembly links caused by positioning and clamping, joining and rebounding were analyzed, and the Jacobian sensor matrix representing error transmission relationship was modified to establish assembly error transmission mechanism model. A support vector regression model was established based on assembly error data, a fusion model of mechanism model and data model was gained. With the predication and compensation model for the calculated values of the error mechanism model and the actual deviation, a Sobol sensitivity analysis method was adopted to calculate the global sensitivity coefficients of different assembly error links, and the key error elements affecting assembly accuracy was identified. Finally, the assembly of wing box component was taken as an example to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influences of Rotational Speed and Flow Rate on Pressure Pulsations of a Rim-driven Axial Flow Pump Mengjie CHEN, Zhuo ZHANG, Wu OUYANG, Chenxing SHENG, Bao LIU, Wei LIU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2198-2206.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.005 Abstract （314）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （5874KB）（230）       Knowledge map    Save A novel RDP generated pressure pulsations during operations， which might negatively impact pump performance and system stability. The numerical simulation was employed to analyze the external characteristics and internal flow patterns of RDP under different rotational speeds and flow conditions. Utilizing POD， the main energy modes were extracted through spatiotemporal feature decomposition to investigate the influences of rotational speed and flow rate on the pressure pulsation at the trailing edges of the impeller blades， revealing the relationship between nonlinear dynamics and fluid-structure interaction phenomena. The results show that each rotational speed corresponds to a distinct optimal operating point， with the optimal point shifting towards lower flow rates as the rotational speed decreases. Moreover， the pressure pulsations are predominantly governed by nonlinear dynamics behavior， with nonlinear interaction effects between the impeller blades and guide vanes becoming more pronounced at lower rotational speeds and higher flow rates. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Robot Stiffness Identification Method Considering Weakly Rigid Joint Transmission Chain Structures and Flexible Rod Structures GUO Wanjin1, 2, 3, 4, LI Ru1, WANG Libin1, HAO Qinlei1, CAO Chuqing2, ZHAO Lijun2, 4 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 974-985.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.009 Abstract （523）      PDF（pc） （7073KB）（223）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the stiffness identification problem for a 3T2R highly dexterous robot with weakly rigid joint transmission chain structures and flexible rod structures, a robot stiffness identification method was proposed. Firstly, the structural characteristics of the compact and cost-effective hybrid robot configuration design and the motion characteristics for adjusting the high dexterity of operational postures were analyzed. The robot Jacobian matrix was constructed, and the end deformation model of the robot was established to analyze the influences of weakly rigid joint transmission chain structures and flexible rod structures on the robot end deformations. Then, considering the effects of weakly rigid joint transmission chain structures and flexible rod structures, along with the robotic structural characteristics of weak rigidity and large deformation, robot joint stiffness identification was carried out，and the variable stiffness modeling was completed for the mobile joint 3. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method increases the stiffness of joints 3, joint 4 and 5 by 146.59%, 30.18% and 36.07% respectively, compared to conventional stiffness identification methods. The error rates between the measured and theoretical calculation values of the overall end deformations are in 4%~6% at six selected robot poses. The capability of the proposed robot stiffness identification method was verified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Absolute Linear Time-grid Displacement Sensors with  Multi-frequency Magnetic Field Coupling YANG Jisen1, 2, 3, YUAN Junsong1, 3, XIU Fu1, 3, LIU Jiacheng1, 3, ZHANG Xiaolong1, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 889-897.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.001 Abstract （623）      PDF（pc） （8864KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of mutual crosstalk among magnetic fields affecting the measurement accuracy of the sensors and reducing the signal-to-noise ratio when the excitation frequency of two code channels of a dual-row planar magnetic field sensor was the same， a multi-frequency magnetic field coupled absolute linear time-grid displacement sensor design scheme was proposed， which achieved the solution to the problems of eliminating the crosstalk of the magnetic fields among the code channels while solving the absolute displacement. The sensor was divided into fixed scale and dynamic scale， both using double-layer alternating structure， fixed scale using two columns of incremental code channel combination， divided into fine and coarse machines， the pairs of poles of two rows of excitation coils were two integers of the reciprocal relation， the absolute displacement measurement was realized by using the pairs of poles within the displacement difference. Precision machine measurement channel and rough machine measurement channel were input  different frequencies of the excitation current signals at the same time，  the precision machine was input the 1 MHz high-frequency current signals， the high-frequency excitation current signals might effectively enhance the inductive signals， improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the electrical processing system. Through the method of outlier frequency reduction， the sensor resolution was improved， which effectively solved the problems that it were difficult to reconcile the signal-to-noise ratio enhancement of the signals by increasing the frequency of the excitation signals and the high resolution of the sensors. Theoretical validation and error analysis of the sensors were carried out through electromagnetic simulation analysis. Finally， the experimental platform was built to carry out prototype experiments， and the experimental results show that the absolute sensor structure with multi-frequency magnetic field coupling effectively eliminates the magnetic field crosstalk between the fine and coarse machines， and the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors is improved， with measurement errors are less than ±17.34 μm in the measurement range of 140 mm.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence Law and Mechanism of Geometric Parameters on Wrinkling Characteristics of Hollow Aluminum Profiles in Stretch-Bending#br# LIU Zhiwen1, 2, LEI Chong1, SUN Kaibo1, OUYANG Basheng1, LI Luoxing2, LIU Xiao3, LI Fazhi1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1083-1093.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.020 Abstract （1886）      PDF（pc） （8620KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the plate and shell theory， the expression of wrinkling energy and external force work functions of hollow aluminum profiles in stretch-bending were derived. Combined with the energy criterion， the theoretical prediction model of wrinkling was established for hollow profiles in stretch-bending and the accuracy of model was verified by bending experiments. The formation mechanism of wrinkling defects in stretch-bending of hollow profiles was revealed and the influences of geometric parameters on wrinkling limit and morphology were quantitatively studied. The results show that the theoretical predictions of the number and height of wrinkling under three different bending radii are in good agreement with those of the experimental ones. The maximum differences are as 1.2 and 0.55 mm， respectively， with relative errors of 16.93% and 11.28%， respectively. The growth rate of external force work in the bending stages is greater than that of wrinkling energy. With the increase of bending time， the external force work is greater than the wrinkling energy， resulting in the appearance of wrinkling instability. With the increase of thickness-to-height ratio and thickness-to-width ratio of the profiles， the wrinkle ratio and wrinkling number decrease， while the wrinkling limit and wrinkling height increase. With the increase of the aspect ratio， the wrinkle ratio and wrinkle height increase， while the wrinkling limit and wrinkling number decrease. The wrinkling limit might be increased by adding inner reinforcement rib in the profile cavities， while the wrinkling number increases and the wrinkling height decreases.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Precise Regulation of Differential Pressures at Port of Load-sensitive Multi-way Valves Based on ADRC Algorithm LEI Xingmao1, DING Haigang1, 2, WANG Simin3, YANG Chengcheng1, PANG Zhizhen1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 954-962，973.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.007 Abstract （568）      PDF（pc） （9511KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save  Load-sensitive multi-way valve was the core component for the hydraulic system of construction machinery， the pressure compensator was used to keep the differential pressure of the valve ports constant， but the differential pressure was susceptible to the spool opening and load changes， resulting in low accuracy of the main valve flow rate control.Therefore， a new type of load-sensitive multi-way valve differential pressure continuous control method was proposed， a proportional solenoid was used to push the spools of the compensator valves， and ADRC algorithm was used to control the proportional solenoid thrusts and realize the closed-loop control of differential pressures of the main valves， so as to accurately control the flow rate.Firstly， the working principle of the system was introduced and a mathematical model was established， then a simulation model was established based on AMESim-MATLAB joint simulation platform， and a test bench was built for experimental validation， the characteristics of the valve differential pressure maintenance and the main valve flow rate regulation were analyzed under the conditions of load changes and main valve opening degree changes. The results show that compared with the load changes， the changes of the main valve opening degree have a greater impact on the  differential pressures. A new type of valve port differential pressure control structure and method may accurately control the load-sensitive multi-way valve differential pressures， so as to achieve the effectiveness of precise control of the flow rate， and may actively regulate the differential pressures without changing the main valve opening degree， so as to achieve the flow rate for the further regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Intelligent Decision-making for Assembly Processes of Micro-device Products Lingling SHI, Yimin DU, Lili GUO, Zhijing ZHANG, Xin JIN, Jiadi LI China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2159-2170.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.001 Abstract （447）   HTML （43）    PDF（pc） （27673KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems that the assembly process planning of micro-device products relies on manual experience heavily， a knowledge-driven fine-grained micro-device assembly process planning method was proposed. And a micro-device assembly process decision software integrating product and system knowledge was developed. This planning method took the resource constraints of the assembly systems into account， and planned the assembly processes of micro-devices from process， steps， and process parameters. Based on interval-type hesitant fuzzy entropy， a mixed attribute matching weight parameter determination method ensured the effectiveness of the process decision algorithm. The developed decision system realized rapid decision-making of the assembly processes of micro-device products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and Optimization of Meshing Performance of Straight Bevel Gears Machined by Dual Interlocking Circular Cutters Jinzhan SU, Yaoke FENG, Bin LIU, Xinlong CAO, Linlin SUN China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1683-1690.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.004 Abstract （391）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （1896KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Save A method for milling/grinding straight-toothed bevel gears using high-efficiency double-arc cutting tools was proposed to improve their meshing performance. A double arc tool was used to simulate a crown-producing wheel， and tool trimming coefficients， the average radius of the cutter disk and the cutting edge angle were introduced to establish a straight bevel gear tooth face model that considered tooth profile and tooth direction trimming. According to the conditions of continuous tangency of two meshing gears， a tooth contact analysis model was established， and combined with tooth clearance， normal flexibility matrix and mathematical planning， a wheel tooth bearing contact analysis model was established. Then with the goal of achieving symmetry in geometric transmission errors and minimising fluctuations in load transmission errors， the tool profiling origin positions was adjusted and tool parameters were optimised. The geometric transmission errors and load transmission errors of the gear were compared before and after optimization. The example results show that the position of the tool reshaping origin affects the symmetry of the geometric transmission errors； the larger the tool reshaping coefficient is， the larger the amount of tooth profile reshaping is， the amplitude of the geometric transmission errors and the amplitude of the load bearing transmission errors will increase； with the decrease of the average radius of the knife holder and the increase of the blade angle， the amount of tooth profile reshaping is increased， and then the area of the tooth surface mark will be reduced. After optimization， the amount of bearing transmission error fluctuation is reduced by 56.54% under the working load， which may effectively reduce the vibration excitation of the gear pairs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Instantaneous Covalent Bonding Modification of Diamond Surfaces with Graphene Bo YAN, Ni CHEN, Ning HE, Jiafeng SHE, Xianzi CHEN China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (10): 2472-2475.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.037 Abstract （373）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （2296KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save The paper focused on the high-performance requirements for diamond engineering surfaces in high-tech fields such as aerospace， micro-electro-mechanical systems， biomedicine， and nuclear energy. It addressed key challenges including the susceptibility of diamond to graphitization and amorphization under high loads and contact with ferrous metals， as well as the poor frictional behavior of conventional diamond surfaces. A novel concept of “in-situ instantaneous transformation” of diamond surfaces into graphene was proposed， along with the development of a laser induced-flywheel mechanical cleavage method. This method successfully stabilized a unique diamond-nano-graphite-graphene covalent structure in ambient conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this new structure synergizes the excellent properties of diamond， graphite， and graphene. It offers a novel approach to resolving engineering bottlenecks associated with diamond applications and holds promise for opening up new avenues for the use of diamond， diamond coatings， graphene， and all-carbon devices in mechanical， electronic， aerospace， and other fields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thread Extension Stress Analysis of Bolts under Pre-tensioning Conditions GUAN Jiaoyue1, GAO Yuan1, AI Yanting1, TIAN Jing1, YAO Yudong2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 923-932.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.004 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （7649KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save  It was difficult to accurately determine the thread stresses on the bolts under pre-tensionsing conditions， which might lead to strength fracture and premature loosening of the threads， and the reliability of the bolt joints was compromised. Currently， the contact state of the thread surfaces was usually described by stresses under an absolute coordinate system. However， the simulated stress direction was at an angle to the actual thread surface. The analysis results were not intuitive. Therefore， a thread mathematical model was derived and the extended stress analysis method of thread contact surfaces was proposed. Then， the finite element model of bolt joints was established for the structural characteristics of bolts. And the accuracy of the model was verified by tests. Finally， the extended stress analysis method was applied to study the thread surface stress and the distribution characteristics of bolts. The results show that the maximum error between the simulated preload and the testing preload is only 5.78%, where the accuracy of the simulation model is demonstrated. The extension stress analysis method may reflect the continuity and monotonicity of the stress distribution on the thread surfaces, and the method also reflects the optimal preload. The decreasing rate of the stress on the same layer thread is inversely proportional to the stress. From the stress analysis， the reason why the stresses on the thread are mainly concentrated in the first three turns is illustrated. The thread extension stress analysis method proposed herein is more intuitive and accurate. The paper may provide theoretical support for the anti-loosening analysis and reliability analysis of bolts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Failure Probability Analysis of Temperature Field in Wet Friction Components Based on Macro-Micro Frictional Contact Model WU Jianpeng, DING Ao, MA Biao, LI Heyan, WANG Liyong, YANG Chengbing China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 40-50.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.005 Abstract （205）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （29170KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at accurately quantifying the failure probability of temperature fields for wet friction components， a macro-micro friction contact model， with the interaction of thermal-mechanical coupling simulation and single asperity contact model， was established to acquire temperature， and a statistical model for temperature field failure probability was constructed. The method utilized kernel density estimation to establish the probability density function of failure parameters and emploied Monte Carlo simulation for probability calculation. Experimental results show high agreement between simulation data and test data. The established statistical model may effectively and accurately calculate the failure probability of wet friction components. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Precision Control of Large Deployable Antennas Driven  by Fusion of Data and Model JIANG Donglei1, ZHAO Qiangqiang1, WU Tengfei1, MA Jia2, JIA Kang1, HONG Jun1 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 898-910.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.002 Abstract （507）      PDF（pc） （7097KB）（173）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the surface precision of large deployable planar antennas efficiently and accurately by adjusting the truss system, the surface precision prediction and accuracy verification were realized from two aspects of finite element simulation analysis and photogrammetry. According to the principle of mechanics of materials and temperature equivalence theory, the simulation model of plane antenna surface precision was constructed. A rapid measurement system of surface accuracy was established based on photogrammetry. The variable confidence Gaussian process model was established by combining the finite element simulation samples and the photogrammetry measured samples, and the precision was optimized and adjusted by Bayesian optimization. The accurate prediction and on-site rapid adjustment of large planar antenna precision were realized, which may provide simulation analysis model support for forward precision evaluation and inverse optimization adjustment of large planar antennas.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Experimental Research of RV Reducer Main Bearing Test Benches Qingwang ZHU, Jing ZHANG, Faxiang XIE, Zhonggang ZHU, Jianyu GUO, Houlin YAN China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1749-1756.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.010 Abstract （464）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （2901KB）（171）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain the overturning stiffness and fatigue performance of RV reducer main bearing， a main bearing test bench was developed， which might accurately measure the overturning stiffness and fatigue life of RV reducer main bearings. The working principle and detailed structure of the test bench were emphatically introduced. The main bearing test bench consisted of mechanical systems， electric control systems and measurement software. The overturning stiffness of RV-125N reducer with different main bearing preloads was tested， and the fatigue test of RV-125N reducer with main bearing preload of 0.06 mm was carried out， and the failure mode and principle of the main bearing after the fatigue test were discussed. A three-dimensional analytical model of the RV-125N reducer was developed based on the experimental conditions in Masta software， and the life of the main bearing of RV-125N reducer was simulated and analyzed， and the simulation results show that the theoretical lifetime is 89% of the actual lifetime. The development of the test bench solves the problems of inaccurate overturning stiffness tests of the main bearings and the difficulty of fatigue life verification，and provides theoretical value and practical application value for the design and manufacture of RV reducers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Reliability Allocation Method Considering Distribution and Transmission Models for Mechanical Systems WANG Zhichao1, LIU Chao1, RAN Yan2, CHEN Yifan3, JIANG Dongxiang1, ZHANG Genbao2, 3 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (06): 1143-1150.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.06.001 Abstract （596）      PDF（pc） （1184KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save To address the problems of the allocation reliability of lower-level units being greater than that of the upper-level unit in the multi-layer structure reliability allocation of mechanical systems, a novel reliability allocation method was proposed. Firstly, the mechanical systems were divided into a system-function-motion-action(SFMA) hierarchy structure. Then, according to the hierarchy structure consisting of distribution and transmission models, the reliability allocation techniques were proposed by combining the minimum cost method and reliability function, and the reliability allocation models of the mechanical systems, function units, motion units, and sub-motion units were established from top to bottom. Finally, taking the gear grinding machine as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Novel Deformable Serial Pipeline Inspection Robots：Design， Modeling and Experimentation Yixin ZHANG, Yinan MIAO, Zhiheng YI, Wenjing WAN, Xingjian WANG, Song ZENG, Shaoping WANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2140-2149.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.026 Abstract （534）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （4346KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the urgent demands for daily maintenance and inspection of oil and gas pipelines， a novel modular pipeline inspection robot named RoboChain-Ⅰ， featuring adaptive deformation capabilities， was proposed herein. Unlike most wheel-based pipeline robots， the robot adopted a cell-inspired modular biomimetic design with more flexible joint redundant rotational degrees of freedom（DOF）， allowing the robot to actively deform in response to pipelines with varying shapes and diameters. Each module was equipped with dual-wheel independent drive， and a pair of pitch and yaw actuation mechanisms were installed at the front and rear. The modules were connected by passive elastic damping support structures or controllable electromagnetic adhesion-separation rigid structures， which improved the robot's ability to navigate complex pipelines and adapt to various environments. The forces acting on the robots during their motions inside the pipeline were modeled， and kinematics simulations were conducted using Adams. The selection of design parameters for the model was validated accordingly. A comprehensive series of experiments were conducted to evaluate RoboChain-Ⅰ's performance， including terrestrial locomotion， straight pipe traversal， elbow pipe navigation， diameter-varying pipeline adaptation， and active mother-child separation. Experimental results validate the robot's effectiveness and reliability in performing inspection tasks within complex three-dimensional pipeline networks with diameters ranging from 175~440 mm， demonstrating maximum velocities of 0.87 m/s on flat surfaces and 0.4 m/s within pipelines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Energy Consumption Anomaly Detection of Automobile Painting Drying System Based on TCN-GAT and Hybrid Neural Network Congbo LI, Hewang ZHAI, Wei WU, Ke DONG, Xiangfei ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1864-1874.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.021 Abstract （340）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （5941KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save A method was proposed based on TCN-GAT and hybrid neural networks for identifying anomalies in energy usage for drying systems. First， a multi-scale temporal convolutional network （TCN） and a multi-head graph attention network （GAT） were introduced to capture the temporal and spatial properties of temperature， pressure， and other variables， respectively. An anomaly detection model was built upon a combination of back propagation neural network （BPNN） and variational autoencoder （VAE）. Furthermore， an energy consumption anomaly index was formulated based on prediction errors and reconstruction probability. The peak over threshold （POT） model was utilized to fit the Pareto distribution and establish an anomaly threshold. Finally， a case study was carried out at the painting workshop of a Chongqing automobile manufacturer， where Internet of Things （IoT） devices were used to gather real-world data. Data analysis was implemented to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Statistical Analysis of Planetary Roller Screw Thread Machining Errors and Comparative Study at Home and Abroad Siqi LIU, Peitang WEI, Rui HU, Xuesong DU, Li LUO, Caichao ZHU, Pengliang ZHOU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1713-1727.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.007 Abstract （471）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （4720KB）（148）       Knowledge map    Save PRSM was a new type of precision threaded transmission mechanisms. Currently， due to the difficulty in grinding small pitch hard tooth profile precision threads， ensuring the machining accuracy of PRSM precision threads was challenging， which led to a significant gap between domestic and foreign products in terms of load-bearing capacity， travelling accuracy and transmission efficiency and other performance aspects. This paper selected typical PRSM products from domestic and foreign markets to conduct statistical， analytical， and comparative research on thread machining errors. First， the axial profile of the screw， roller and nut thread was detected based on the contact measurement method. Evaluation techniques such as gradient threshold method and axis transformation theory were employed to assess and statistically analyze errors including pitch diameter errors， pitch errors， eccentricity errors， and tooth profile angle errors. Based on these analyses， the paper elaborated on the mechanism behind typical irregularities in PRSM thread machining， such as taper in pitch diameters and periodic fluctuations in multi-start thread pitchs. Furthermore， corresponding process optimization strategies were proposed for quality control in thread machining， aiming to support efficient precision grinding and performance enhancement of domestic PRSM threads. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Pressure Stabilization for Loading Cylinders under Centrifu-gation Supergravity Environment Based on Experimental Tests Bingjing QIU, Muhua JIA, Yinqi LI, Liubin JI China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1651-1657.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.001 Abstract （419）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2744KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems of excessive pressure fluctuations in the simulation environment of high gravity centrifugal environment without an external oil source， the factors causing pressure fluctuations were analyzed， and experimental tests were conducted on each factor. Based on the analysis of each factor， an accumulator stabilization scheme was proposed， and the effects of accumulator working parameters， working pressure， and working medium parameters on stabilization performance were compared under different deformation conditions of specimens through supergravity experiments. The experimental test results show that within the temperature range of 36~42.5 ℃， the pressure fluctuation of oil caused by temperature changes is less than 4%. The deformation of the specimen is the main factor affecting pressure fluctuations， with a pressure fluctuation ratio of up to 47% caused by a deformation of 1 mm in the samples. The fluctuation ratio of the accumulator during pressure stabilization under supergravity is proportional to the working pressure and the deformation of the specimen. The use of two 300 mL gas volume accumulators may achieve the requirement of less than 10% internal pressure fluctuation of 20 MPa， which is consistent with theoretical calculations. The test provides technical support for controlling pressure fluctuations in high-temperature and high-pressure devices under supergravity environments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 1-1.   Abstract （119）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （276KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental Study of Characteristics of Gas Pressure Reducing Valves under Different Working Conditions Bin QIN, Jiaxu HAO, Jingwen LIN, Quan ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (11): 2477-2485.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.001 Abstract （341）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1718KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure reducing valves were often used in gas pipeline systems to control the downstream pressure. At present， the pressure reduction range of conventional small pressure reducing valves was small， and it was difficult to meet the pressure reduction demands under ultra-high pressure. A small pressure reducing valve with adjustable output pressure under ultra-high pressure was proposed， with an input pressure of 19~60 MPa and an output pressure of 7~13 MPa. By establishing a test platform and setting different upstream pressure and downstream resistance of the pressure reducing valves， the stability of the performance of the pressure reducing valves and the characteristic change were studied under four types of working conditions. Through experimental validation， the pressure reducing valve may maintain stable downstream pressure in ultra-high pressure usage scenarios. The response time of the valves after the pipeline connection is between 0.5 and 6.0 seconds， with pressure fluctuations within 10 seconds after response being between 0.12% and 4.49%. The results indicate that the trend of pressure changes after the reducing valves are related to the upstream pressure： when the upstream pressure decreases， the output pressure first declines and then rises， while when the upstream pressure is stable， the output pressure tends to decrease. The results may guide the applications of the pressure reducing valves in hydraulic systems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-objective Trajectory Planning of Manipulators Based on Improved SSA Jianlin LIU, Haisong HUANG, Qingsong FAN, Chi MA, Langlang ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2047-2056.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.017 Abstract （606）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （5244KB）（138）       Knowledge map    Save To optimize the three objectives of efficiency， energy consumption and impacts at the same time， a multi-objective trajectory planning model was proposed based on an improved SSA. Firstly， the artificial potential field method （APF） was used for path planning to obtain the shortest and collision-free path of the manipulator grasping the materials， and the key motion sequence was extracted to establish a multi-objective function. Then， aiming at the problems of multi-objective salp swarm algorithm （MSSA）， such as poor diversity of initial population， easy to fall into local optimum and slow convergence in solution set space， an improved algorithm namely logistic-sine multi-objective salp swarm algorithm（LMSSA）was proposed. The algorithm combined logistic-sine chaotic mapping， pinhole imaging learning strategy and golden sine development strategy to optimize the control nodes of the seventh-order B-spline curve and complete the multi-objective motion trajectory planning of the robotic arms. Finally， the trajectory planning model was applied to the actual grasping tasks of the manipulator UR16e by building MATLAB-CoppeliaSim-UR16e experimental platform. Experimental results show that based on LMSSA， the manipulator motion planning method realizes the accurate， efficient and energy-saving motion trajectory planning of the manipulator， and is successfully applied to the actual operation scenes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Model-free Cross-coupling Control Method for Parallel Kinematic Mechanisms with Symmetric Structure Zhiwei ZHOU, Jian GAO, Lanyu ZHANG China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1691-1699.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.005 Abstract （445）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （3050KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save The dynamic coupling effectiveness between the driving joints of parallel mechanisms was a key challenge affecting their trajectory tracking performance. Existing multi-motor cooperative control methods for parallel platforms often ignored the inter-joint coupling relationships and their coordination， which affected the motion accuracy of the end-effector. To address this issue， a model-free cross-coupling control method was proposed to improve the tracking accuracy of the mechanisms in the task space. By introducing the motor cooperative erros that represented the relationship between the motions of neighboring motors，the method employed the TDE technique to indirectly perform the closed-loop control of the mechanism dynamics， solving the uncertainty problems of the dynamics model. Additionally， the stability of the proposed method was analyzed and proven using the Lyapunov theorem， and experimental validations were performed on a symmetric parallel kinematic mechanism. The results show that， compared to the existing TDC method， the proposed method may effectively reduce the end-effector’s motion tracking errors through efficient position tracking and stable operations of the parallel mechanisms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Curvature Parameterization Model for Variable Cross-section Euler Beams under Large Deflection Yonggang HUANG, Dan XIE China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (08): 1757-1766.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.011 Abstract （293）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （1554KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve optimization of structures and performances， variable cross-section beams were increasingly valued in compliant mechanisms. A parametric model was proposed to address the challenge of accuracy and efficiency of large deflection analysis based on curvature approximation. The proposed approach represented the curvature of deflection curve by Bernstein polynomials. Then the static equilibrium equation was established based on the principle of minimum total potential energy， and the numerical solution was obtained via Gaussian quadrature and Newton-Raphson iteration. The advantages are that the expression of bending strain energy and stress are simple and accurate， and the generalized stiffness matrix is a constant symmetric square matrix related to the variation of the cross-sectional moment of inertia. Therefore， both modeling accuracy and computational efficiency are significantly improved. Furthermore， the post-processing is simple and fast based on the solution of curvature parameters. Numerical examples fully demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-objective Torque Coordination Control for Distributed Drive  Electric Vehicles Based on Nonlinear MPC KAN Xiaobo1, ZHAO Youqun1, LI Danyang1, LIN Fen1, HE Kunpeng1, 2, YOU Qingshen2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1123-1131.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.024 Abstract （522）      PDF（pc） （5648KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save The control objectives for yaw stability in current distributed drive electric vehicles were relatively simplistic. To address this issue， a multi-objective torque coordination control strategy was proposed based on nonlinear MPC. The upper-level controller was a nonlinear MPC speed and yaw moment controller based on a 7-degree-of-freedom vehicle model. And the lower-level controller focused on both of achieving stability and economic efficiency through multi-objective torque coordination. The road adhesion utilization and hub motor power loss were considered in the objective function to achieve dynamic and coordinated distribution of torques. Finally， using the CarSim/Simulink joint simulation platform， the proposed method was compared with traditional control methods under the double lane change conditions and driving cycle conditions for low adhesion coefficient. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy enables better tracking of the vehicles sideslip angle and yaw rate to their ideal values， thereby enhancing vehicle stability compared to that of conventional methods. Additionally，  motor energy loss is reduced and vehicle economic efficiency is improved.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Status and Development Trends of Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis for CNC Machine Tool Reliability TIAN Hailong1, 2, SUN Yuzhi1, 2, YANG Zhaojun1, 2, LIU Zhifeng1, 2, CHEN Chuanhai1, 2, HE Jialong1, 2 China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (07): 1430-1441.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.005 Abstract （1161）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save FMECA played an important role in reliability maintenance of CNC machine tools. Current researches focused on 4 aspects: comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, integration of multi-source hierarchical information, integration of multiple analysis methods, and dynamic characteristic modeling. By systematically combination of existing research results, the advantages and existing problems of the 4 aspects were analyzed. Evolution path of machine tool failure modes, effects and criticality analysis were explained by the integration of the characteristics of industrial needs, which provides a theoretical basis for building a high-precision machine tool reliability evaluation system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Time-optimal Trajectory Planning of Robotic Arms  Based on MIPSO Algorithm WANG Guirong, NI Zhiqiang, ZHOU Kun, WANG Binrui China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (05): 1044-1053.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.05.016 Abstract （1031）      PDF（pc） （5962KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save  For the tasks of industrial robots finishing their work in the quickest possible time while meeting kinematics limitations， a time-optimal trajectory planning scheme was designed. Firstly， the robotic arms were modeled and analyzed， the kinematics equations were established. A 3-5-3 polynomial function was introduced as the research foundation of trajectory planning， and a time-optimal objective function was constructed under kinematics restrictions. Then， based on the improvement and optimization of the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm， a MIPSO algorithm was proposed by using tent chaotic mapping to initialize the population. Additionally， dynamically varying learning factors， nonlinearly decreasing modified inertia weights， and mutation operations in genetic algorithms were introduced. Finally， various algorithms were employed to optimize the robotic arms operating time， and the comparative results reveal that the MIPSO algorithm achieves a greater level of solution accuracy. The optimal time obtained from the solution is applied to the physical robotic arms， and the joint motion curves obtained are continuous without abrupt changes， which verifies the feasibility of the proposed scheme.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rotor Unbalance Recognition Based on Multidimensional Complex Feature Fusion and CNN-GRU Jianjian WANG, Yuhe LIAO, Lei YANG, Jiutao XUE China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 1905-1915.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.001 Abstract （489）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3434KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save The existing unbalance identification algorithm without trial weight adopted an optimization algorithm framework and approximated the optimal solution through numerous iterative operations. However， such strategies typically faced the limitations of slow convergence speed and the tendency to fall into local extrema. Therefore， neural networks were used to directly learn and analyze the complex mapping relationship between unbalance vibration response and unbalance， thus realizing high-precision unbalance identification. A sufficient unbalance vibration dataset with labels was constructed by simulating the rotor dynamics model. A feature fusion mechanism was designed to address the multi-dimensional complex-valued characteristics of unbalanced data. At the core algorithm level， a CNN-GRU hybrid model was constructed. In this model， CNN was responsible for extracting local spatial features from vibration data， while GRU captured temporal dependencies within the vibration data. By integrating information from both spatial and temporal domains， the model’s generalization ability and recognition accuracy were significantly enhanced. The unbalance recognition results of test set data and experimental bench demonstrate that this method may accurately predict the unbalance of the rotors， providing a rapid and accurate guide for dynamic balancing in the field without trial weights. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Thermal Image Input-based ResNet Method for Thermal Error Modeling of Machine Tool Spindles Mingfan LI, Long YANG, Sheng LI, Huan GUO, Guoqiang FU China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (09): 2057-2067.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.018 Abstract （1465）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （5627KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve a high-precision and highly generalizable thermal error model of machine tools， a thermal image input-based ResNet method was proposed for thermal error modeling of CNC machine tool spindles. A thermal image dataset labelled was constructed with thermal error rounding， and a ResNet-based classification model was trained for thermal error prediction using thermal images as inputs. Considering the regression characteristics of the machine tool thermal error time series， a regression output layer was constructed by integrating the probabilities of different classification labels from the classification output layer in a weighted manner， enabling thermal error regression prediction without retraining. The deep features of thermal images and the classification performance of the ResNet model were visualized， confirming the effectiveness of ResNet in feature extraction and strong classification ability. Finally， the ResNet model was compared with GoogLeNet and VGGNet models under different operating conditions， demonstrating the high accuracy and generalization of the ResNet-based thermal error classification and regression models. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）