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Method for Accelerated Tribological Property Evolution Experiments of Conformal Contact Surfaces in Mixed Lubrication Regime ZHANG Ziyang, GONG Yajing, WANG Yuechang China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 22-29.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.003 Abstract （437）   HTML （109）    PDF（pc） （2108KB）（1168）       Knowledge map    Save An acceleration experimental design method for hybrid-lubrication conformal-contact surface tribological evolution was proposed. The method was based on the concept of “viscosity-reduction acceleration”， where the asperity contact states were preserved while the evolution of tribological behavior was accelerated by increasing the interaction frequency between surface asperities. The approach was validated by Plint TE-92 friction and wear tester.The results show that at the non-accelerated condition （sliding speed is as 0.2 m/s， temperature is as 25 °C， duration is as 20 min） and the corresponding accelerated condition （sliding speed is as 0.4 m/s， temperature is as 47 °C， duration is as 10 min） share the highly consistent values of friction coefficient， and 3D surface parameters Sq and Ssk. It indicates that the wear effect of 10-minute in test with accelerated parameters is equivalent to that of 20-minute in test with non-accelerated parameters. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tribological Properties of Polyelectrolyte-Modified PEEK Composite Materials GAO Chuanbao, ZHANG Xinyue, CEN Jiajia, CHEN Qin, FENG Haiyan, CHEN Kai, ZHANG Dekun China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 14-21.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.002 Abstract （509）   HTML （139）    PDF（pc） （2572KB）（1164）       Knowledge map    Save To enhance the tribological properties of PEEK， a “modify-then-form” approach was proposed. Hydrophilic SPMK was grafted onto the PEEK powder surface via UV-induced polymerization， then the PEEK-SPMK composites were prepared by hot-pressing. The friction and wear behaviors of modified PEEK under various operating conditions were analyzed， revealing the influence mechanism and lubrication mechanism of polyelectrolyte SPMK powder modification on the tribological behavior of PEEK composites.Results indicate that SPMK powder modification significantly enhances PEEK surface wettability. The friction coefficient（0.028） and wear rate（5.6×10{}^{-\mathrm{7}} mm³/（N·m）） of PEEK-SPMK in physiological saline are markedly reduced compared to pure PEEK. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tribological Properties and Mechanism of Nanostructured Carbon Films under Coupling Effect of Temperature and Electric Field YU Zhimin, CHEN Lei, FAN Xue China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 30-39.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.004 Abstract （439）   HTML （58）    PDF（pc） （7563KB）（907）       Knowledge map    Save The nanostructured carbon films including amorphous carbon films and graphene nanocrystalline carbon films were prepared on SiO2 substrates. A self-designed reciprocating tribometer capable for applying coupled multi-physical fields was employed to investigate the tribological properties of the different nanostructured carbon films under the coupling effect of temperature and electric field. At room temperature， the electric field was the dominant factor for affecting the friction coefficient of nanostructured carbon films. When the temperature of tribopair was 200 ℃， temperature became the main influencing factor. Under the coupling effects of temperature and electric field， the structured evolution to graphitic-like structure leads the reduction of friction coefficient of amorphous carbon film. While the nanostructure of graphene nanocrystalline carbon film is stable， but the aggravated wear results in significant fluctuations of friction coefficient. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progresses of Current Carrying Tribological Behavior of Materials under Influences of Service Environment SHEN Mingxue, CHEN Siyang, WU Haihong, XIAO Li, Wang Nenghui, JI Dehui China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 2-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.001 Abstract （576）   HTML （45）    PDF（pc） （29450KB）（827）       Knowledge map    Save The research progresses on current-carrying tribological behavior of materials under service environmental influences were reviewed herein. It was summarized that the tribological performance and the dynamic evolution of electrical arcs under various environmental conditions such as humidity， temperature， atmosphere， crosswind， and air pressure. The mechanism of current-carrying wear under different service environments was clarified， along with the roles of third‑body media （e.g.， water， ice， oxide films） induced by the environments in wear damage and arc erosion of the friction pairs. The intrinsic relationship between external environmental factors and material damage in current-carrying friction pairs was revealed to advance the development of current-carrying friction theory. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 1-1.   Abstract （267）   HTML （66）    PDF（pc） （276KB）（670）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Failure Probability Analysis of Temperature Field in Wet Friction Components Based on Macro-Micro Frictional Contact Model WU Jianpeng, DING Ao, MA Biao, LI Heyan, WANG Liyong, YANG Chengbing China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 40-50.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.005 Abstract （368）   HTML （50）    PDF（pc） （29170KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at accurately quantifying the failure probability of temperature fields for wet friction components， a macro-micro friction contact model， with the interaction of thermal-mechanical coupling simulation and single asperity contact model， was established to acquire temperature， and a statistical model for temperature field failure probability was constructed. The method utilized kernel density estimation to establish the probability density function of failure parameters and emploied Monte Carlo simulation for probability calculation. Experimental results show high agreement between simulation data and test data. The established statistical model may effectively and accurately calculate the failure probability of wet friction components. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Full-position Welding Pool Identification and Deviation Measurement Method Based on DeepLab-EMCAD XIONG Yecheng, LIU Haisheng, WANG Zhongren, SHI Tielin, XIA Hai, YANG Hongbo China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2993-3001.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.023 Abstract （617）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （5775KB）（310）       Knowledge map    Save A method for full-position welding pool identification and deviation measurement was proposed based on DeepLab-EMCAD. A lightweight MobileNetV3 network was adopted as the backbone of the model encoder， and the atrous spatial pyramid pooling（ASPP） module was optimized to reduce the model parameters and improve the segmentation efficiency. The EMCAD multi-attention mechanism was integrated into the decoder to enhance the segmentation accuracy of the welding pools. A deviation calculation method was proposed to quantitatively describe the deviation based on the segmentation results of the welding pools. Experimental results show that compared with the baseline model， the proposed model improves the average intersection over union and average pixel accuracy in welding pool segmentations by 5.72% and 5.5% respectively， and the inference time is reduced by 29.69 ms， with the number of parameters decreasing by 4.854×107. Compared with classic segmentation networks， the proposed model has the best performance in handling the edges of the welding pools. The deviation detection errors are controlled within 0.1 mm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview and Prospects of Data-driven Low-carbon Design and Manufacturing of Electromechanical Products WANG Liming, XIAO Xingyuan, LI Fangyi, WANG Xiaoguang, LI Jianfeng, NIE Yanyan, LIU Weitong, LI Liuyuan, WANG Yitong, WANG Boyun, CUI Yuqi China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 764-779.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.001 Abstract （1850）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3560KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Save Carbon footprint data served as the core basis for quantifying the full life-cycle carbon emissions of electromechanical products and driving the low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industries. Focusing on the whole processes of carbon footprint data from acquisition to application， the relevant research approaches were systematically reviewed. The acquisition technologies for multi-source heterogeneous carbon footprint data and the data quality evaluation system were organized， addressing the question of "how data comes". Focusing on “how to use”， applications of data-driven technologies in low-carbon design and manufacturing were elaborated， including data-based carbon footprint correlation modeling， intelligent prediction， generation of low-carbon design solutions， and multi-objective decision-making methods， as well as data-driven manufacturing energy consumption prediction， low-carbon process planning， and intelligent workshop scheduling strategies. Finally， challenges and future directions for data integrity and system integration in low-carbon manufacturing were discussed， offering theoretical references for the green and low-carbon development of electromechanical products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Model-driven Early Functional Design and Verification of Small and Modular Natural Circulation Lead-based Fast Reactors WU Xuanyu, FENG Yixiong, CHEN Zhao, YUAN Weiquan, DUAN Chengjie, HONG Longzhuang, ZHANG Zhifeng, TAN Jianrong China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (5): 1063-1071.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.006 Abstract （318）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （7131KB）（285）       Knowledge map    Save The traditional document-based nuclear power equipment development pattern had problems such as discrete and poorly correlated design information， ambiguous design intentions that were difficult to trace， and a lack of intuitiveness and immersion in the design argumentation processes. Taking the small and modular natural circulation lead-based fast reactor（NCLFR） as the research object and taking the assembly and disassembly processes as an example， the MBSE method was combined with the virtual prototype technology， and three aspects of requirement analysis， functional design， and functional verification were discussed. Based on the independently developed MBSE modeling platform M-Reactor in the China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co.， Ltd.， the requirement analysis and functional design of the assembly and disassembly processes were carried out. On the basis of the early 3D modeling of the NCLFR， the consistent mapping and model linkage between the system logic model and the functional virtual prototype were achieved， verifying the completeness， correctness， and traceability of the assembly and disassembly processes， providing designers with a more immersive design experience and a visual design verification method. In this way， the results may provide a reference for the applications of the MBSE method in the systematic design of nuclear power equipment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Probabilistic Fatigue Life Prediction Method for Wind Turbine Towers Based on a Physics-informed Neural Network XIE Bingbing, ZHAO Feng, GUO Xinxing, QIAO Li, CHENG Sichuang, LIU Xiaohui, ZHANG Tongzhou, HU Weifei China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (5): 1017-1025.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.001 Abstract （547）   HTML （41）    PDF（pc） （2177KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save To address the limitations that the traditional fatigue design for wind turbine towers using deterministic S-N curves might not accurately quantify fatigue life dispersion， a probabilistic fatigue life prediction method was proposed based on physics-informed neural networks. By embedding the physical prior knowledge such as fatigue life dispersion， monotonicity and nonlinearity into the neural networks， a probabilistic prediction model capable of accurately quantifying uncertainty was constructed. Compared with traditional methods， the proposed method reduces the normalized root mean square error（NRMSE） by up to 31.58%. A 16 MW wind turbine simulation model was established in accordance with IEC standards， and tower load data were obtained by using Bladed software. Combined with wind-speed distribution， rain flow counting and the Miner rule， the probabilistic fatigue life prediction of the towers was achieved. The results show that the proposed method effectively characterizes the probabilistic features of fatigue damages， and the tower lifetime varies significantly with reliability requirements （shortening from 83.3 years at 50% probability to 18.2 years at 99.9% probability）， which provides a reliable basis for probabilistic fatigue design and safety assessment of wind turbine towers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Prediction and Conditioning of Surface Integrity for Cutting Difficult-to-machine Metallic Materials LIU Zhanqiang, ZHAO Yongyao, WANG Bing, ZHAO Jinfu, LIU Annan, YAO Longxu China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (3): 509-527.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.001 Abstract （621）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （3737KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Save Machined surface integrity， a composite reflection of the geometric， physical， chemical， and mechanical properties of the machined surface layers， is dictated by the thermo-mechanics loads and material removal modes inherent to the cutting processes. This integrity directly governed the in-service performance and lifespan of engineered components. A thorough investigation into how conditioning strategies influenced surface integrity was therefore fundamental to realize high-integrity surfaces， and was critically important for optimizing the machining of difficult-to-cut metallic materials. This review began by categorizing the metrics of machined surface integrity for these materials based on three aspects： geometric features， microstructural evolution， and surface-layer mechanical properties， while also summarizing the approaches for developing predictive models. Subsequently， it elucidated research advancements in machined surface integrity conditioning strategies of difficult-to-cut metallic materials， critically comparing the distinct influence mechanisms of tool and process optimization， multi-energy field assisted machining， and workpiece pre-treatment on machined surface integrity. Finally， this paper explored the prediction accuracy of current models and the general applicability of conditioning strategies， offering an outlook on future research priorities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Efficient Aerodynamic Optimization Method for Turbine Blades Based on Multi-degree-of-freedom Parameterized Dimensionality Reduction HUANG Pengfei, CHEN Jiang, CHENG Jinxin, LI Bin, XIANG Hang China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (2): 255-263.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.02.001 Abstract （479）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （14472KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the high design dimension and difficulty in constructing surrogate models in the aerodynamic optimization of three-dimensional turbine blades， a multi-degree-of-freedom parameterized dimensionality reduction method was proposed to construct an efficient optimization framework， that integrated DFFD and PCA， and combined the pre-screened surrogate model assisted differential evolution （Pre-SADE） algorithm. Taking a small gas turbine as the object， a snapshot set was generated through experimental design， and the 36-dimensional DFFD design space was mapped to the 10-dimensional basis modal coefficient space. A concise and effective surrogate model was established in the dimensionality reduction space and rapid optimization was completed. The results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the shock wave intensity and aerodynamic loss while improving the design point flow （+0.46%） and isentropic efficiency （+3.191%）， and the optimization time is reduced by 24.58%. The study verifies the intuitiveness， effectiveness and optimization efficiency improvement advantages of this dimensionality reduction method in high-dimensional design problems， providing a more efficient and low-cost solution for blade aerodynamic optimization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Adaptive Variable Impedance Constant Force Control of Robotic Grinding under Unknown Environments GUO Wanjin, TIAN Yuxiang, LI Qianhui, CAO Chuqing, ZHAO Lijun, XU Mingkun, LIU Xiaoheng, HOU Xudong China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 92-104.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.011 Abstract （573）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （25028KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems of insufficient adaptive adjustment ability of robotic constant force grinding due to the uncertainty of environmental parameters under unknown environments， a robotic adaptive variable impedance constant force control method with real-time estimation of unknown environmental parameters was proposed. In the proposed method， the adaptive sliding mode control was used as the inner loop control， and the environmental parameter estimation and adaptive variable impedance control were used as the outer loop control. The robotic platform experimentsal results show that the proposed method may realize the tracking of the expected grinding forces， and has high adaptability to the robotic grinding operations under unknown environmental conditions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 3065-.   Abstract （203）      PDF（pc） （669KB）（203）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Applications of Disc Cutter Changing Robots for Shield Machines JIANG Lijie, YANG Hang, HAN Dong, SUN Yanming, WANG Yixin, WU Qiankun, JIA Lianhui China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (5): 1037-1044.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.003 Abstract （411）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （29940KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save To address the problems of high labor intensity， high operational risk， and low operational efficiency in manual disc cutter changing during shield tunneling machine construction， a changing operation plan using robot instead of humans was proposed. A new type of tool system suitable for robot operation and a high-power density redundant degree of freedom robot mechanisms were designed.The D-H parameter method was used for kinematic modeling， the robot pose calculation was achieved. The rapidly-exploring random tree（RRT） algorithm was used for robot tool change path planning， the obstacle avoidance path calculation was achieved during the motion processes. Based on the B-spline curves， the robot joint motion trajectory calculation was achieved. A simulation analysis platform was built for robot tool changing， and the effectiveness of the proposed solution was verified. Finally， a tool changing robot test bench was built， and a tool changing robot control system was constructed based on the operation layer， control layer， and execution layer. The feasibility of the tool changing robot system design scheme was verified through parameter calibration， laboratory and engineering testing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Frontiers of Direct Energy Deposition： Process Innovation and Intelligent Regulation YI Hao, ZHANG Haoquan, CAO Huajun China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (6): 1272-1280.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.001 Abstract （1982）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3684KB）（189）       Knowledge map    Save A systematic review of the latest research advances in DED technology was provided， focusing on four key developmental directions： multi-heat source hybridization， material supply innovation， energy field regulation， and AI-driven processes. Regarding multi-heat source hybridization， combined processes， such as laser-arc hybridization， the complementary mechanism between different heat sources were leveraged， effectively balancing processing efficiency and forming accuracy. Regarding material supply innovation， novel feeding approaches， including twisted wire， multi-wire， and wire-powder synergistic feeding， had significantly expanded the capability to fabricate functional gradient materials and multi-principal element alloys. It laid the material foundation for enhancing the performance of components overall. Regarding energy field regulation， several methods such as pulse modulation， path planning， and multi-physical field coupling achieved precise control over molten pool dynamics and microstructural evolution. Regarding AI driving， the integration of machine learning and other data-driven techniques expedited the intelligent evolution of DED technology in areas such as processing parameter optimization， intelligent defect diagnosis， and digital twin system development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Key Geometric Error Identification Method for CNC Machine Tools Based on Machining Trajectory Sensitivity Indicators DAI Xin, LIU Huanlao, WANG Yulin, LI Xiang China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2862-2869.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.007 Abstract （856）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （1745KB）（186）       Knowledge map    Save A sensitivity analysis method was proposed based on machining trajectories that might identify key geometric errors in CNC machine tool machining processes. Firstly， the spatial error model of the AC dual-turntable five-axis CNC machine tool was completed using multibody system theory and homogeneous coordinate transformation， and the geometric errors were measured using a laser interferometer and ball bar. A spatial error model with the machine tool position as the independent variable was further established， and a new sensitivity index was proposed based on the relationship between the error vector caused by 41 geometric errors in the machining trajectories and the spatial errors. Taking the machining trajectory of the S test piece as an example， 11 key geometric errors were identified. Finally， compensation tests were conducted on the 11 key geometric errors and the remaining 30 geometric errors， respectively. The results show that after compensation for the 11 key geometric errors， the machining errors reduce by 73.63%， while compensation for the remaining 30 geometric errors only reduce the machining errors by 11.28%， proving the correctness and effectiveness of the sensitivity analysis method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Flow Pulsation and Outlet Pressure of Roller Piston Pump ZHANG Chenchen, RUAN Jian, LI Sheng China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (2): 304-314.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.02.006 Abstract （339）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （27751KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the flow pulsation and outlet pressure characteristics of the roller piston pump， a CFD numerical simulation model was established based on the motion law and structure of the pump， and its internal flow field and pressure field were analyzed in detail through CFD numerical simulation. The results show that the pressure and flow changes inside the plunger working chamber indicate that there is no structural flow pulsation in the pump， but when the suction and discharge chambers and the distribution window were switched， flow backflow occurs due to the pressure difference. Theoretical analysis show that under the conditions of 3000 r/min and 5 MPa， the flow pulsation and pressure pulsation are as 23.4% and 9.8% respectively. Finally， the outlet pressure of the roller piston pump was tested by building a special test bench for outlet pressure testing. Experimental data show that the pressure pulsation value of the pump under this working condition is as 11.25%， and the CFD simulation result is as 9.8%. The experimental results were consistent with the CFD numerical simulation results， which verified the accuracy of the CFD numerical simulation and provided guidance for the subsequent reduction of pulsation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Tool Wear Monitoring Based on IWOA-IECA-BiLSTM Model BAO Zhenke, CAO Huajun, QIN Fengze, CHEN Zhixiang, TAO Guibao China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2936-2943.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.016 Abstract （1276）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （2374KB）（183）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the monitoring accuracy of tool wear during machining， a BiLSTM model based on IWOA and IECA mechanism was proposed. Tool wear data segments from the PHM2010 dataset were intercepted， and multi-domain features were extracted. Tool wear strongly correlated features were then obtained by screening with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The input features were used to train the model. The BiLSTM module in the model effectively captured temporal features within the data. The IECA attention mechanism module enhances the feature representational capability. The IWOA module optimized the model's hyperparameters， further improving the model accuracy. The model performance was finally tested based on three-fold cross-validation and compared with several other models. The results demonstrate that the IWOA-IECA-BiLSTM tool wear monitoring model achieves the best performance on most test sets. On test sets C1，C4 and C6， the root mean square error （RMSE） values are as low as 6.5， 12.46， and 9.28， respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fine-grained Carbon Emission Accounting in Aluminum Casting Production Processes Based on Data Allocation WANG Zhihui, PENG Tao, LIU Weipeng, TANG Renzhong China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 920-928.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.016 Abstract （1334）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1999KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save A data allocation method that accommodated the heterogeneous on-site data collection capabilities of aluminum casting enterprises was proposed， enabling fine-grained carbon emission accounting at the single aluminum casting level， differentiated by product， model， and batch， without requiring additional investment in data collection infrastructure. According to the granularity and interval of carbon emission-related production data， enterprise data acquisition capabilities were categorized into three levels， and corresponding allocation strategies were developed for each level to derive fine-grained energy and material activity levels for individual aluminum castings. Product carbon emissions were calculated using the emission factor method， and a correction mechanism was established to incorporate the effects of internal scrap recycling and external scrap sales. A case study on aluminum wheel production was conducted to validate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the method effectively overcomes the bias induced by the constant operating condition assumption inherent in traditional literature-based approaches， thereby improving the accuracy of carbon accounting results. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progresses on Reliability Design of Remanufactured Electromechanical Products with Multi-life Characteristics across Whole Working Ranges YANG Jie, JIANG Zhigang, ZHU Shuo, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Hua China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 987-998.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.023 Abstract （1151）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （3842KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save The low reliability of remanufactured electromechanical products stemmed from multiple factors： complex and variable operational scenarios leading to performance disparities across working ranges， the imbalance in multi-attribute life（physical， technical， and economic） of various substance-field units within the products， and the non-uniform evolution of reliability across different attribute life under varying working ranges. These factors collectively posed significant challenges to enhancing product reliability. In response， research on whole working range reliability design was emerged. By exploring the design connotations， a framework for whole working range reliability design under multiple life characteristics was advanced. Building upon this framework， representative studies， ranging from the generation to the optimization of reliability design schemes， were reviewed. These included the evolution of whole working range reliability based on life characteristics， reliability design and multi-objective reliability optimization for remanufactured products. Furthermore， current research challenges were discussed. Finally， key research focuses were summarized， and future directions for reliability design were proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Vibration and Lubrication Characteristics of Piston Pumps with Coupled Slipper Pair and Valve Plate Pair Interactions LAI Rongshen, ZHU Xiaoteng, QUAN Yunqing, MIAO Kefei, YE Shaogan, BAO Yue, LIU Huixiang, ZHAO Shoujun China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (2): 275-284.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.02.003 Abstract （454）   HTML （35）    PDF（pc） （6578KB）（179）       Knowledge map    Save This paper investigated the vibration-oil film coupling mechanism in axial piston pumps through an integrated dynamics model combining pump component dynamics with slipper/swashplate and valve plate/cylinder block lubrication models. The model was solved using a combined explicit-implicit approach with control volume method. Experimental validation confirmed the model effectiveness in predicting vibration characteristics. The results indicate that calculated results of coupled model show strong agreement with experimental data； in terms of oil film characteristics， increases of rotational speed lead to greater central oil film thickness， while pressure elevation results in reduces of oil film thickness at the center of high-pressure regions. The oil film pressure distribution exhibits periodic variation in sync with the plunger chamber pressure. Leakage increases markedly with both increases of pressure and speed， especially in high-pressure regions. The coupled model demonstrates superior predictive accuracy compared to conventional decoupled approaches. The research provides important theoretical support for the design of axial piston pumps. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Eco-design for Additive Manufacturing： Knowledge-driven Framework and Applications WANG Yanan, PENG Tao, XIONG Yi, WANG Liming, TANG Yunlong, TANG Renzhong China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 780-791.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.002 Abstract （1369）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （14372KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save To support designers in developing environmentally sustainable components fabricated by additive manufacturing， the concept of eco-design for additive manufacturing（EcoDfAM） was clarified， and a body of knowledge required in EcoDfAM was constructed. A knowledge-driven EcoDfAM framework was proposed based on knowledge by integrating multiple intelligent technologies. This framework consisted of three layers： knowledge source layer， knowledge model layer， design application layer. Taking the valve body parts of a hydraulic system in the aircraft wing that were printed using the metal powder bed fusion technology as an example， the application analysis and discussion of the proposed framework were carried out. The results show that the framework integrating ontology， machine learning， knowledge graph may effectively integrate the complex multi-domain professional knowledge required by EcoDfAM， and generate eco-design recommendations through flexible reuse of knowledge. This study may be used to develop intelligent design advisor systems， providing appropriate knowledge feedback in different design stages to guide designers， effectively improving the efficiency and quality during the eco-design processes of parts fabricated by additive manufacturing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Kinematics Modeling of Extensible Snake-like Manipulators WANG Xuhao, SHENG Wolong, WU Mengli, XU Yilong, ZHAO Xiaowei, CAO Yiran China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2885-2893.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.010 Abstract （922）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （15676KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save A novel snake-like manipulator was proposed， the modular joints of the manipulator were designed with an active extensible degree of freedom， which increased the overall motion flexibility and adaptability in complex spaces. Kinematics modeling of the snake-like manipulators was carried out. The mappings among actuator space， joint space and end task space were analyzed. Considering the characteristics of the extensible joints， two novel joint-end inverse kinematics algorithms were proposed， i.e. the integrated method by combing the conventional FABRIK algorithm with Jacobian-based iterative algorithm， and the modified FABRIK algorithm with iteratively updated link lengths. Numerical simulations were conducted to verify computational accuracy and efficiency. The results show that both methods have better accuracy， while the modified FABRIK algorithm has higher computational efficiency. Finally， a prototype was constructed， and experiments were carried out to validate motion capabilities of the proposed snake-like manipulators. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Compressive Stiffness Characteristics of Tubular Support Structures with Negative Poisson's Ratio SU Yilin, JI Xiaogang, XIN Jiaming, NIU Guofa China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (3): 538-545.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.003 Abstract （468）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2582KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save Negative Poisson ratio structures were widely used in engineering because of their unique structural properties， high energy absorption and good deformation adaptability. The performance optimization of tubular supports was studied with negative Poisson ratio structure in engineering applications. Combining structural design and mechanics analyses， the compressive performance of tubular supports was systematically investigated. Based on the unique inward shrinkage deformation characteristics of negative Poisson's ratio structures， four new tubular stent structures were designed and prepared. By analyzing the stress distribution and load displacement curve through physical compression test and numerical simulation， a multi-dimensional evaluation system was constructed including peak load， energy absorption and compression stiffness. The results show that the stabilitys of FB-H structure is the best under continuous radial pressure， and the compressive strength of FB-X structure and FB-S structure are increased by 42% and 123%， respectively. Different structures show differences under axial loads. The FB-X and FB-S brackets have high rigidity and are suitable for scenarios requiring support stability. The FB-N and FB-H brackets are flexible and suitable for large deformation scenes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Crack Propagation of Freight Train Wheel Treads under Ramp Emergency Braking Conditions ZHAO Jie, LU Chun, HE Jiahuan, MA Tinghai, YE Zhang China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2811-2819.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.001 Abstract （732）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （3749KB）（166）       Knowledge map    Save The fatigue crack propagation of freight train wheel treads under ramp emergency braking conditions was studied based on the extended finite element method， taking into account the frictional heat generation， conduction heat dissipation， and the variation of material parameters with temperature. By analyzing the temperature fields and stress fields during the rolling contact processes under ramp emergency braking conditions， the results indicate that the existence of tread cracks affects the wheel-rail contact stress distribution， the high contact stress regions are divided into two sub-regions by the tread cracks， and stress concentration occurs at the crack front， and the tread crack propagation behavior is closely related to the relative positions of cracks and contact regions. During the braking processes， the circumferential compressive stress generated by high temperature will inhibit the tread crack growth， but the residual tensile stress after cooling will promote the tread crack propagation. During the stages of tread temperature rising， the tread crack propagation mode is a mixed Ⅱ-Ⅲ multiaxial propagation mode， dominated by mode Ⅱ propagation. During the stages of cooling， the tread crack propagation mode is mixed Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ multiaxial propagation mode， dominated by mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Wheel-mounted Phased Array TFM Imaging and Inspection System for Storage Tank Bottom Plates LI Jian, ZHANG Kai, WANG Haibin, WANG Zhe, CHENG Jingwei, YAN Chang China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 3057-3063.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.031 Abstract （535）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （5162KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save To address the issues of high cost， low detection efficiency， and inconsistent quality in routine maintenance operations such as inspection of atmospheric storage tank bottom plates， an ultrasonic phased array inspection system was developed for tank bottom plates. A mechanical scanner was employed to facilitate online， efficient detection of localized corrosion damage， providing technical support for ensuring the long-term safe operation of storage tanks. A wheeled phased array TFM imaging algorithm was proposed， and the inspection accuracy and image quality were enhanced. Experimental results show that， in inspecting a 12 mm carbon steel bottom plate， the system may stably detect artificial flaws on the bottom surface with a depth of 20% of the plate thickness， as specified by the JB/T 10765—2023 standard. The detection sensitivity reaches 5 mm（length） × 0.5 mm（depth） for surface-breaking cracks in welds. And the signal-to-noise ratio of defect images is improved by 10.4 dB compared to conventional methods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Decoupled Modeling and Correction for Fork-Ear Type Aircraft Wing-Fuselage Docking Assembly Deviations Based on Distributed Binocular Vision and Priority Constraint TIAN Xingyuan, ZHU Yongguo, CUI Wei, HE Minyin, CHENG Cheng, ZHANG Yitao China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (3): 528-537.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.002 Abstract （456）   HTML （21）    PDF（pc） （4587KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems that the optical path measured by laser trackers was prone to occlusion and the coupling relationship existing in docking assembly accuracy during aircraft wing-fuselage docking assembly， the wing-fuselage docking assembly of fork-ear aircrafts was used as research object， and a method was proposed for decoupled modeling and correction for fork-ear type aircraft wing-fuselage docking assembly deviations based on distributed binocular vision and assembly accuracy priority constraint. A deviation detection and correction system was constructed for the wing-fuselage docking assembly of fork-ear aircrafts， integrating distributed binocular cameras， laser trackers， and numerical control positioners. Based on the importance and process characteristics of wing-fuselage docking assembly accuracy， a comprehensive expression was established for the wing-fuselage docking assembly deviations of fork-ear aircrafts， and a correction method was proposed for such assembly deviations， which was based on the priority constraint of assembly accuracy. The coupled accuracy requirements were decoupled into a phased discrete optimization problem for aircraft wing-fuselage docking assembly. The relative attitude deviation of the aircraft wing-fuselage was quantified using Lie algebra parameterization. The clearance correction and coaxiality correction amounts were calculated respectively via the fork-ear fit clearance model and the fork-ear hole coaxiality model， enabling the step-by-step correction of deviations in aircraft wing-fuselage docking assembly. Experimental results show that compared with the unconstrained model assembly method and the traditional geometric reference-based multi-constraint model deviation correction method， the wing-fuselage relative attitude deviation， fork-ear hole coaxiality， and fork-ear fit clearance are all improved. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interpretable Modeling and Optimization of Laser Hardening Process Parameters for QT550-5 LIANG Qiang, CHEN Hong, ZHENG Yinpeng, WANG Bing, DU Yanbin, LONG Shuai China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 900-912.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.014 Abstract （1123）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （7418KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save Aimed to achieve laser surface hardening and optimize processing parameters for nodular cast iron QT550-5， a finite element model coupling the temperature and phase transformation fields was developed herein. Using laser power， scanning speed， and overlap rate as experimental variables， and targeting the hardened layer depth and molten layer depth as optimization objectives， Latin hypercube sampling was first employed for the experimental design. A Bayesian-optimized multi-task neural network prediction model was constructed based on the experimental data. SHAP were introduced for interpretability analysis to clarify the contribution mechanism of various parameters to the hardening results. Subsequently， the multi-objective hippopotamus optimization algorithm was used for parameter optimization. A comprehensive evaluation system integrating the entropy weight method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was established to rank the non-dominated solution set and determine the optimal parameter combination. Experimental validation under the optimal parameters confirmes the significant surface hardening effectiveness in QT550-5. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Radiation Shielding Structure Multi-objective Optimization of Imagine Sensors Based on Monte-Carlo Variance Reduction Method FU Haocheng, WU Shaowei, JIANG Chao China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (5): 1045-1053.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.004 Abstract （293）   HTML （34）    PDF（pc） （3331KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save The radiation simulation method and shielding structure multi-objective optimization design method were proposed based on MC variance reduction for the radiation shielding problems of image sensors in nuclear radiation environments. According to the principles of coupled neutron and photon transport， a multi radiation source composite shielding model was constructed for image sensors， and a shielding simulation method of characteristic interpolation weight window MC variance reduction was proposed for the thick-shielding micro-detection structure characteristics， effectively improving the computational efficiency and accuracy of the shielding simulation. By combining the genetic algorithms with parameterized geometric modeling of radiation shielding structures， a multi-objective optimization design method for image sensors was constructed to obtain the optimal solution under volume， mass， and dose rate parameters and obtain a non-dominated solution combination of Pareto front. Numerical experiments verified the effectiveness of the imagine sensor radiation shielding structure optimization design method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic Evolution Correlation Quantitative Analysis Method of Complex Product Design Specification Decomposition ZHANG Haizhu, CHEN Xiang, GU Sunquan, LI Rong, ZHU Xuechao, MA Kai China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (5): 1026-1036.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.002 Abstract （322）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （1764KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems that the complex interaction relationship in the evolution processes of the complex product design specification often caused the module design parameters to be overestimated or underestimated， which led to repeated iteration of design， a method was proposed for quantitatively analyzing the interaction relationship in the dynamic evolution processes of the design specifications. Firstly， based on the design structure matrix， combined with regression analysis and grey entropy correlation degree calculation method， the calculation model of design specification coupling correlation strength was constructed， and the multiple coupling relationship of design specification decomposition was quantitatively analyzed. Then， the theory of community ecology was introduced， and based on Lotka-Volterra model， a quantitative analysis method of dynamic evolution correlation of design specification decomposition was proposed to characterize the interaction relationship in the processes of design specification decomposition. By further integrating the quantitative analysis results of coupling correlation and evolution correlation of design specification decomposition， the quantitative analysis of dynamic evolution correlation relationship of complex product design specification decomposition was realized. Finally， taking the axle load and braking capacity specification decomposition of a high-speed train bogie as an example， the feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Geometric Parameter Optimization Method of Honing Wheels for Lower-noise Texture ZHANG Xu, LI Congbo, ZHANG You, ZHANG Chenghui, ZHOU Feng China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2875-2884.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.009 Abstract （596）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （4152KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save To address the noise issues caused by the near-coincidence of partial tooth surface textures with transmission contact lines during the honed gear transmission， the optimization method of honing wheel geometric parameters for lower-noise textures was conducted. Firstly， the influencing factors of honed tooth surface texture distribution were analyzed， and the model of texture distribution on the honed gear transmission contact line was established. Secondly， based on the finite element method， the influences of the position relationship between the tooth surface texture and the transmission contact line on the noise were analyzed. Then， a lower-noise honed tooth surface texture distribution strategy was proposed， and a honing wheel geometric parameter optimization model for lower-noise texture distribution was established. The case study shows that the gear processed by the optimized honing wheel exhibits decreased energy density in the vibration Campbell diagram compared to the original， and the noise level decreases significantly with increasing rotational speed. These results verify the effectiveness of the method. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Thermal Characteristics for Planetary Roller Screw Mechanisms QIAO Guan, CHEN Jiaqi, TANG Shufeng, LIU Guoqiang, LIU Geng China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (1): 162-173.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.01.017 Abstract （529）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （4512KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save In a long period of high-speed and heavy-load conditions， the planetary roller screw mechanisms accumulated much heat. Thus， the rise of internal temperature of the system， and thermal deformations led to the lubrication performance degeneration， even the failure of the mechanisms. According to the structural characteristics of the planetary roller screw mechanisms， the mechanism of its thermal characteristics was revealed. And， the progresses of thermal characteristics research were analyzed and summarized from the aspects of heat source， thermal characteristics analysis methods， temperature rise and thermo-mechanics coupling， thermal deformatios， thermal errors and the structural. Then， the research trends in thermal characteristics of the planetary roller screw mechanisms were discussed and predicted. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Continuum Robots and Compensation Strategies for Losses of Guide Paths YANG Mingxing, SHEN Jiale, GAO Peng, ZHANG Xing, WANG Junxiang China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2820-2828.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.002 Abstract （644）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3887KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save A novel cable-driven continuum robot and the driving error compensation strategy for guiding paths were proposed to address the problems of low kinematics modeling accuracy and insufficient axial stiffness in current continuum robots. A flexible continuous cutting body with flexible support and a flexible arm structure with enhanced axial stiffness were designed. Subsequently， a kinematics model of the robots was established and the workspace at the end of the flexible arm was obtained. The accuracy of the kinematics modeling was confirmed through bending simulation. Analyzing the causes of bending errors， deriving the transmission losses of the casing and the tension transmission model before and after the rope passes through the disc hole， and then a compensation strategy was proposed for driving loss compensation and kinematics model parameter correction. The bending experiments of continuum robots at different angles show that the maximum bending angle error after compensation is as 4.11°， the maximum position error is as 6.11 mm， and the maximum error reduces 48.0%. The experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed robots and drive error compensation control strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Conveyor Belt Damages Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8 Algorithm YUAN Yuan, BAI Yichao, ZHOU Lidong, MENG Wenjun, WANG Miao, QU Wenbin China Mechanical Engineering    2025, 36 (12): 2829-2836.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.003 Abstract （611）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3198KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save A conveyor belt damage detection algorithm was proposed based on improved YOLOv8 algorithm. Focal Modulation module was used to replace the original spatial pyramid pooling-fast（SPPF） module. In view of the high similarity between the damage and the background， a DySample dynamic up-sampling module was introduced to make the sampling points concentrate in the target areas and ignore the background parts， so as to achieve effective damage recognition. The efficient multi-scale attention（EMA） module was added to the neck network to obtain more detailed information and further improve the attention of injury targets. The PIoU v2 loss function was introduced to calculate the overlap areas between the real frame and the predicted frame， and the damage location was more accurate. Considering the aspect ratio might better adapt to the damage of different shapes. Experimental results show that the accuracy and mean average accuracy of the improved model for conveyor belt damage detection reach 90.3% and 93.2% respectively， which are 2.3% and 2.5% higher than the baseline model YOLOv8. The improved detection speed of YOLOv8 algorithm may reach 83 frames /s， which may fully meet the needs of real-time detection of conveyor belt damages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Selective Disassembly Sequence Planning for Retired Electromechanical Products Based on Heterogeneous Graph with Improved Proximal Policy Optimization GUO Hongfei, FU Wenjie, REN Yaping China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (4): 977-986.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.022 Abstract （840）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （2123KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save To address the issues of complex physical modeling， poor adaptability， and insufficient algorithm generalization in the current selective disassembly sequence planning problem， a structured heterogeneous graph modeling method was proposed， which combined with an adaptive proximal policy optimization algorithm to achieve efficient disassembly sequence optimization. Through the structured heterogeneous graph modeling， the multi-constraint relationships of the product components were unified， providing a more expressive state representation for subsequent optimization. Additionally， in the optimization algorithm， advantage function normalization and entropy regularization mechanism were introduced to standardize the data distribution inconsistency caused by dimensional differences across different training stages， while adaptively adjusting the exploration intensity during the training processes to enhance the model's training stability and generalization ability. Experimental results show that the introduction to advantage function normalization significantly improves the algorithm's convergence speed and training stability， while the entropy regularization mechanism enhances the algorithm's exploration ability. Compared with traditional deep reinforcement learning algorithms， the proposed method performes better in terms of convergence and the quality of the optimal policy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fuzzy Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Optimization Approach Considering Customer Satisfaction LIU She, LI Jiaxin, TIAN Zhiqiang, ZHANG Shiman China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (7): 1734-1745.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.023 Abstract （210）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （2068KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save To address uncertain completion times and low customer satisfaction in discrete manufacturing with single-piece， small-batch， and highly customized production， this paper establishes a fuzzy flexible job-shop scheduling model that minimizes makespan， maximizes average customer satisfaction， and maximizes the minimum customer satisfaction. An improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed， which incorporates an adaptive crossover-mutation strategy based on population distribution to balance global and local search， and a knowledge-driven neighborhood search strategy that exploits the structure of customer satisfaction. By adjusting critical and non-critical blocks on the critical path， the algorithm reduces makespan and enhances customer satisfaction. Comparative results on multiple benchmark instances confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Prediction of Cutting Forces and Processing Parameter Optimization in C60 Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling of GH4169 PAN Zhirong, SUN Hao, YAO Bin, CAI Zhiqin, LAN Qixin, ZHANG Jinhui China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (7): 1562-1571.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.004 Abstract （250）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （3175KB）（148）       Knowledge map    Save Nickel-based superalloys were widely used in aerospace and other fields. However， significant challenges were in machining， including severe tool wear， poor surface integrity， and low processing efficiency， which could not be effectively mitigated by conventional lubrication techniques. To address these issues， C60 nanofluid cutting fluid was introduced to enhance lubrication at the tool-workpiece interfaces， thereby reducing friction and suppressing heat accumulation. A novel cutting force modeling approach was developed， incorporating the tribological properties and cooling effects of nanofluids. The model integrated oblique cutting theory， mirror heat source method， and Johnson-Cook constitutive equation to calculate cutting forces. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately quantifies the synergistic effects of friction reduction and cooling enhancement under nanofluid lubrication， achieving an average prediction error of 6.73% for cutting forces. Notably， the cutting force peak is reduced by 19.6% under nanofluid lubrication compared to conventional cutting fluids. Furthermore， a multi-objective optimization strategy was proposed based on Pareto optimality and PSO. A comprehensive evaluation system was established considering machining efficiency and cutting forces. Optimization results show that the cutting force decreases by 5.7%， while machining efficiency increases by 36.33% after parameter optimization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Surrogate-assisted Differential Evolution Algorithm for Compliance Optimization of Sandwich Structures YANG Zan, ZHU Zihua, SUN Guanguan, QIU Haobo, GAO Liang China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (3): 612-623.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.011 Abstract （393）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （3310KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save Sandwich structures were widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio characteristics. The calculation costs of compliance simulation analyses in optimization design processes were significantly higher than that of weight constraints. However， the existing homogeneous algorithms assumed that the objectives were equivalent to the costs of constraint evaluation， which led to poor optimization adaptability and low efficiency. Thus， a constraint-objective two-stage optimization framework was designed based on feasibility rate to match adaptive optimization direction for real-time optimization paths. In the first stage， a dual offspring population collaborative optimization strategy of exploratory mutation-constraint relaxation screening and exploitative mutation-uncertainty screening was proposed to simultaneously enhance the level of constraint optimization and the reliability of the surrogate model， and the partial evaluation strategy was designed to save time-consuming objective evaluation. In the second stage， the search type was defined by combining feasible solution clustering analyses and dynamic threshold， and the surrogate model modeling and evolution strategy were adjusted adaptively. Under three classical loads， the proposed algorithm obtains optimal structures comparing with the gradient algorithm and other state-of-the-art algorithms of the same type， which confirms the effectiveness in practical applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Hydraulic Pressure Characteristics of High Speed Switching Valve under Cavitation and Non Cavitation Conditions CHEN Yu, ZHAO Chen, HE Yuwen, ZHAI Fugang, KONG Xiangdong China Mechanical Engineering    2026, 37 (2): 285-294.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.02.004 Abstract （346）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （4953KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the influences of different parameters on the hydraulic pressure of high-speed switching valves， the transient numerical simulation of the flow field in the valve was carried out by using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technology. Under non-cavitation and cavitation conditions， the effects of pressure difference， back pressure and temperature on the hydraulic pressure of the valve cores were investigated respectively， and the cavitation flow field characteristics and the evolution of the hydraulic pressure of the valve cores under different opening degrees were revealed. The working conditions with severe cavitation were selected to explore the correlation between cavitation fluctuation and hydraulic pressure oscillation. The results show that with the increase of opening degree， the hydraulic pressure on the spool decreases. With the increase of pressure difference， the pressure drops of valve cores under non-cavitation conditions are much larger than that under cavitation conditions， especially under 6 MPa and 10 MPa pressure difference. The increase of back pressure restrains the occurrence of cavitation to a certain extent， which makes the liquid pressure during cavitation decrease approximately linearly， but almost does not affect the liquid pressure under non-cavitation. The increase of temperature makes cavitation more likely to occur under small opening， and the evolution of liquid pressure under cavitation is smoother. On the other hand， the bubbles generated by the cavitation of the valve ports are discharged from the valve body in an asymmetric ‘piston’ characteristic， which causes the bubble volume in the valve to oscillate periodically at the main frequency of 1355 Hz， and further induces the head of the valve core and the overall hydraulic pressure to fluctuate at the same main frequency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）