增材喷管收扩段磨粒流光整分子动力学仿真与参数优化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对增材制造复杂内流道表面光整困难的现状，开展了磨粒流光整工艺的多尺度仿真与试验研究。首先通过流体仿真确定常用压力下的磨料流速范围，然后采用LAMMPS软件模拟磨粒微切削过程，建立速度-微切削力映射关系。结果表明，磨粒速度为60~70 m/s时切削力稳定适中，基材去除均匀，表面无毛刺与凹陷划痕，可视为理想光整条件，为优选工艺参数提供了理论依据。基于收扩段流道设计增材特征件并进行三因素三水平正交试验，对比光整前后表面形貌和粗糙度可知，磨粒流可显著去除粘粉、阶梯效应、大小球化及支撑残留等典型缺陷，使Ra由7 μm降至0.7 μm以下，Rp由21 μm降至1.25 μm以下。

关键词: 喷管收扩段, 增材制造, 磨粒流光整, 分子动力学, 表面质量

Abstract:

Aiming at the current difficultes in surface finishing of additively manufactured complex internal flow channels， a multiscale simulation and experimental study of the abrasive flow finishing process was conducted.The abrasive flow velocity under typical pressures was determined through fluid simulation， and the micro-cutting processes were modeled using LAMMPS to establish the relationship between velocity and micro-cutting force. Results indicate that at 60~70 m/s， the cutting force stabilized with moderate magnitude， material removal remaines uniform， and the surface is free of burrs and scratches， defining an ideal finishing condition that provides a theoretical basis for process optimization. Orthogonal experiments with three factors and three levels were carried out on additively manufactured specimens featuring spiral flow channels. Post-finishing results demonstrate effective elimination of typical defects such as powder adhesion， stair-stepping， balling， and support residues， reducing surface roughness Ra from 7 μm to below 0.7 μm and Rp from 21 μm to below 1.25 μm.

Key words: nozzle convergent and divergent section, additive manufacturing, abrasive flow finishing, molecular dynamics, surface quality

中图分类号:

TH162

吕谦, 刘维伟. 增材喷管收扩段磨粒流光整分子动力学仿真与参数优化研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(12): 3017-3022.

Qian LYU, Weiwei LIU. Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Parameter Optimization Research for Abrasive Flow Finishing of Additive Manufactured Nozzle Convergent and Divergent Sections[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(12): 3017-3022.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.026

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I12/3017

图/表 11

图1 模拟基本流程

Fig.1 Basic simulation process

图2 仿真模型

Fig.2 Simulation model

表1 不同压力下流体域各处磨料速度

Tab.1 abrasive velocity at various locations in the fluid domain under different pressures

推料总压/MPa

入口流速/

（m·s $- 1$ ）

出口流速/

（m·s $- 1$ ）

两侧最高流速/（m·s

- 1

表1 不同压力下流体域各处磨料速度

Tab.1 abrasive velocity at various locations in the fluid domain under different pressures

推料总压/MPa

入口流速/

（m·s $- 1$ ）

出口流速/

（m·s $- 1$ ）

两侧最高流速/（m·s

- 1

）

63.80

64.45

76.27

73.74

74.48

88.15

90.42

91.33

108.08

图3 磨粒不同速度下对基体的微观切削力

Fig.3 Micro cutting force to matrix under different speeds of abrasive particles

表2 流道不同位置表面粗糙度值 (μm)

Tab. 2 Surface roughness at different positions of the flow channel

粗糙度	入口	中段	出口
算数平均粗糙度Ra	7.02	7.42	7.60
最大粗糙度深度Rmax	47.29	55.17	47.23
平均轮廓波峰高度Rp	21.00	21.82	20.98
轮廓平均宽度Rsm	126.20	149.50	142.72

图4 特征件内流道中部三维轮廓图

Fig.4 Three dimensional contour diagram of the internal flow channel of characteristic parts

图5 试验用光整设备及磨料

Fig.5 Machining equipment and abrasives

图6 光整并线切割后试验件

Fig.6 Test parts after machining and wire cutting

表3 表面粗糙度测量结果

Tab.3 Surface roughness measurement results

序号	磨料浓度n/%	加工压力 p/MPa	加工时间 t/s	Ra/μm	Rp/μm
1	30	6	120	0.71	1.25
2	30	8	240	0.37	0.77
3	30	10	360	0.21	0.54
4	45	6	240	0.29	0.45
5	45	8	360	0.19	0.38
6	45	10	120	0.34	0.67
7	60	6	360	0.13	0.33
8	60	8	120	0.44	0.88
9	60	10	240	0.32	0.45

表4 表面粗糙度极差分析 (μm)

Tab.4 Analysis of surface roughness range

分析指标	因素	水平	K	k	极差R
轮廓算术平均偏差（Ra）	磨料浓度/%	30	1.29	0.43	0.16
		45	0.82	0.27
		60	0.89	0.30
	加工压力/MPa	6	1.13	0.38	0.09
		8	1.00	0.33
		10	0.87	0.29
	加工时间/s	120	1.49	0.50	0.32
		240	0.98	0.33
		360	0.53	0.18
轮廓最大峰高（Rp）	磨料浓度/%	30	2.56	0.85	0.35
		45	1.50	0.50
		60	1.66	0.55
	加工压力/MPa	6	2.03	0.68	0.13
		8	2.03	0.68
		10	1.66	0.55
	加工时间/s	120	2.80	0.93	0.51
		240	1.67	0.56
		360	1.25	0.42

图7 不同压力下特征件流道典型形貌

Fig.7 Typical morphology of characteristic parts flow channels under different pressures

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