等离子体处理对45钢力学性能影响的试验及分子动力学模拟研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明等离子体处理对45钢材料力学性能的影响规律，采用试验与分子动力学模拟相结合的方法，对处理前后45钢材料力学性能的变化进行对比研究。试验结果表明：等离子体处理后，45钢材料硬度和拉伸力学性能明显下降；在1、5、10 min的处理时间下，纳米硬度分别降低12%、21%和28%，且处理时间越长，改性效果越好，并且改性效果的持续时间均长达20 h以上；拉伸试样厚度为0.1、0.15、0.2 mm时，抗拉强度分别降低3.3%、4.5%和5.3%，断后伸长率分别降低39.69%、42.17%和42.49%。分子动力学仿真结果表明，等离子体改性降低了45钢材料中Fe-Fe键的数量和强度，导致材料屈服强度和表面硬度降低，与试验所得结果基本一致。

关键词: 等离子体, 分子动力学, 纳米硬度, 抗拉强度, 45钢

Abstract:

To investigate the influences of plasma treatment on the mechanics properties of 45 steel， the changes of mechanics properties of 45 steel before and after treatment were studied by combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. The test results show that the hardness and tensile mechanics properties of 45 steel are obviously decreased after plasma treatment. Under the treatment durations of 1， 5 and 10 min， the nano-hardnessis decreased by 12%， 21% and 28% respectively， and the longer the treatment time， the better the modification effect， and the duration of the modification effect is more than 20 h. When the thickness of tensile specimens is as 0.1， 0.15 and 0.2 mm， the tensile strength decreases by 3.3%， 4.5% and 5.3%， and the elongation after fracture decreases by 39.69%， 42.17% and 42.49%， respectively. The molecular dynamics simulation results show that the number and strength of Fe-Fe bonds in 45 steel are reduced after plasma modification， resulting in the reduction of yield strength and surface hardness of the materials， which is basically consistent with the experimental results.

Key words: plasma, molecular dynamics, nano-hardness, tensile strength, 45 steel

中图分类号:

TH142.1

彭照波, 孔金星, 杜东兴, 罗涵锟, 岳恒. 等离子体处理对45钢力学性能影响的试验及分子动力学模拟研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(10): 2190-2197.

Zhaobo PENG, Jinxing KONG, Dongxing DU, Hankun LUO, Hen YUE. Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Mechanics Properties of 45 Steel Treated by Plasma[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(10): 2190-2197.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.004

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I10/2190

图/表 14

图1 样品准备

Fig.1 Sample preparation

图2 薄板拉伸试样尺寸

Fig.2 Dimensional drawing of thin sheet tensile specimen

图3 等离子体射流改性处理方式

Fig.3 Method of plasma jet modification treatment

图4 等离子体射流发生装置原理图

Fig.4 Schematic of plasma jet generator

图5 处理前后45钢硬度变化

Fig.5 Changes in hardness of 45 steel before and after treatment

图6 45钢纳米硬度-时间变化曲线

Fig.6 45 steel nano-hardness and time variation curve

图7 有/无等离子体处理下的45钢拉伸力学性能

Fig.7 Tensile mechanical properties of 45 steel with/without plasma treatment

图8 拉伸件断口形状

Fig.8 Fracture shape of tensile piece

表1 等离子体处理模拟中采用的Morse参数［21-22］

Tab.1 Morse parameters used in plasma processing simulation［21-22］

	D/eV	a/Å $- 1$	r₀/Å
N-N	0.001	1.556	4.21
C-N	0.230	2.140	1.90

表1 等离子体处理模拟中采用的Morse参数［21-22］

Tab.1 Morse parameters used in plasma processing simulation［21-22］

	D/eV	a/Å $- 1$	r₀/Å
N-N	0.001	1.556	4.21
C-N	0.230	2.140	1.90

图9 处理前后45钢微观组织变化

Fig.9 Microstructure changes of 45 steel before and after treatment

图10 纳米压痕模拟结果

Fig.10 Results of nanoindentation simulation

图11 处理前后的纳米压痕模拟载荷-位移曲线

Fig.11 Simulated load-displacement curves of nano-indentation before and after treatment

图12 拉伸模拟中的颈缩现象

Fig.12 Necking phenomenon in tensile simulation

图13 处理前后45钢拉伸模拟应力-应变曲线

Fig.13 Tensile stress-strain curves of 45 steel before and after treatment

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