碳纤维复合材料构件服役性能评估与低碳循环利用技术展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.002

中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2393-2405.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.002

• 低碳设计与全生命周期优化 • 上一篇下一篇

碳纤维复合材料构件服役性能评估与低碳循环利用技术展望

胡嘉琦¹^,²(), 尚晓恒¹^,³(), 李路宝¹^,³, 柯庆镝¹^,³

^1.合肥工业大学机械工程学院, 合肥, 230009
^2.中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司工业产品环境适应性全国重点实验室, 广州, 510300
^3.合肥工业大学机电产品低碳循环利用技术与装备安徽省重点实验室, 合肥, 230009

收稿日期:2025-12-06 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-11-10
通讯作者: 尚晓恒
作者简介:胡嘉琦，男，1978年生，教授级高级工程师。研究方向为新能源产品生态设计、服役安全检测及再生利用关键技术。E-mail：hujq@cei1958.com
尚晓恒^*（通信作者），男，2001年生，硕士研究生。研究方向为再制造无损检测技术、机电产品再资源化技术与装备。 E-mail：shangxiaoheng1360@163.com。
基金资助:
工业产品环境适应性全国重点实验室开放课题(2025EAS KJ-010);国家自然科学基金(51875162)

Prospects for Service Performance Assessment and Low-carbon Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Components

HU Jiaqi¹^,²(), SHANG Xiaoheng¹^,³(), LI Lubao¹^,³, KE Qingdi¹^,³

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei，230009
^2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Adaptability for Industrial Products，China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co. ，Ltd. ，Guangzhou，510300
^3.Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Recycling Technology and Equipment for Mechanical and Electrical Products，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei，230009

Received:2025-12-06 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-11-10
Contact: SHANG Xiaoheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统综述了近年来碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）构件失效检测/监测、性能评估、再资源化及再制造技术的研究进展。遵循“损伤感知-性能评估-循环利用”的技术逻辑，聚焦CFRP构件再资源化过程中的三个关键问题：劣化缺陷识别、服役性能评估及低碳循环利用。通过系统分析损伤缺陷检测方法、性能量化评估模型及高值回收/再制造工艺等方面的主要研究进展与技术瓶颈，综合阐述了上述技术在飞行器、新能源汽车、压力容器等高端机电产品中的工程应用现状。最后，从多源检/监测信号的解析与融合、复杂环境耦合效应的定量表征、服役性能的在线监管，以及面向主动再制造的系统集成等维度，对该领域未来研究方向提出了理论性展望，旨在为CFRP构件的高值低碳循环利用提供科学依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 碳纤维复合材料, 缺陷检测, 性能评估, 循环再利用, 再制造

Abstract:

Recent research progress concerning the failure inspection/monitoring， performance assessment， re-resource utilization， and remanufacturing technologies of CFRP components was systematically reviewed herein. Following the technical logic of “damage sensing， performance assessment， and recycling utilization，” three key issues in the re-resource utilization process of CFRP components were focused on， includiing degradation defect identification， service performance assessment， and low-carbon recycling utilization. By systematically analyzing the major research advances and technical bottlenecks in damage and defect detection methods， quantitative performance assessment models， and high-value recycling/remanufacturing processes， the current engineering application status of the above technologies in high-end electromechanical products such as aircraft， new energy vehicles， and pressure vessels was comprehensively elaborated. Finally， theoretical prospects for future research directions in this field were proposed from the aspects of analysis and fusion of multi-source inspection/monitoring signals， quantitative characterization of complex environmental coupling effects， online supervision of service performance， and system integration for proactive remanufacturing， aiming to provide a scientific basis and technical support for the high-value and low-carbon recycling utilization of CFRP components.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced plastics （CFRP）, defect detection, performance assessment, recycling, remanufacturing

中图分类号:

TB332

胡嘉琦, 尚晓恒, 李路宝, 柯庆镝. 碳纤维复合材料构件服役性能评估与低碳循环利用技术展望[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(10): 2393-2405.

HU Jiaqi, SHANG Xiaoheng, LI Lubao, KE Qingdi. Prospects for Service Performance Assessment and Low-carbon Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Components[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(10): 2393-2405.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.002

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I10/2393

图/表 6

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	原位同步辐射CT	纳米级分辨率追踪分层扩展动力学	文献［26］
冲击损伤	射线追踪声学模型	预测应力波反射/吸收行为，支撑声发射源定位	文献［18］
	线扫描热成像	微测辐射热相机捕捉热扩散异常，识别人工孔隙与目视不可检冲击损伤	文献［27］
	高速成像⁃X射线显微CT联用	超高速冲击事件同步记录+次表面分层梯度量化	文献［28］

损伤类型	检测技术	技术原理与创新突破	代表文献
孔隙缺陷	X射线显微断层扫描（XRM）	高分辨率三维成像量化孔隙分布	文献［21］
	立体视觉曲率分析	三维表面重建+曲率异常识别，实现0.1 mm级浅表缺陷检测	文献［22］
	物理信息神经网络	融合热传导方程与深度学习，提高亚表面缺陷反演精度	文献［23］
分层损伤	全波场增强技术	时域敏感模式提取，分层可视性提高3倍	文献［24］
	无基线Lamb波成像	自适应时间反转+非线性指数重建	文献［25］
	原位同步辐射CT	纳米级分辨率追踪分层扩展动力学	文献［26］
冲击损伤	射线追踪声学模型	预测应力波反射/吸收行为，支撑声发射源定位	文献［18］
	线扫描热成像	微测辐射热相机捕捉热扩散异常，识别人工孔隙与目视不可检冲击损伤	文献［27］
	高速成像⁃X射线显微CT联用	超高速冲击事件同步记录+次表面分层梯度量化	文献［28］

CFRP回收技术	原生纤维型号	再生碳纤维抗拉强度保持率/%
热解法	AS4-3K	15~98
蒸汽热分解	AS4C	95~99
溶剂分解法	TohoTenax C124	97~98
超临界水法	Hexcel 48，192 C 1270 ST	94~98
流化床法	Toray T800	82

CFRP回收技术	原生纤维型号	再生碳纤维抗拉强度保持率/%
热解法	AS4-3K	15~98
蒸汽热分解	AS4C	95~99
溶剂分解法	TohoTenax C124	97~98
超临界水法	Hexcel 48，192 C 1270 ST	94~98
流化床法	Toray T800	82

碳纤维复合材料构件服役性能评估与低碳循环利用技术展望

Prospects for Service Performance Assessment and Low-carbon Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Components

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