中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 2230-2237.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.015

• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇    

面向微型遮光检测组件的精密装配方法

王晓东(), 闫怡婷, 王谦, 徐征(), 肖思恩   

  1. 大连理工大学机械工程学院, 大连, 116024
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 徐征
  • 作者简介:王晓东,男,1967年生,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为微装配技术与系统、精密仪器设计与制造。E-mail:xdwang@dlut.edu.cn
    徐征*(通信作者),男,1973年生,副研究员、博士研究生导师。研究方向为微纳集成制造。E-mail:xuzheng@dlut.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国防基础科研计划(JCKY2022203B006);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DUT24LAB112)

A Precision Assembly Method for Micro Shading Detection Components

WANG Xiaodong(), YAN Yiting, WANG Qian, XU Zheng(), XIAO Si'en   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Liaoning,116024
  • Received:2025-03-26 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-21
  • Contact: XU Zheng

摘要:

微型遮光检测组件在各类高精度位移和运动传感器中应用广泛,其尺寸微小且配合精度要求较高。针对该组件自动化装配过程中的视觉检测和连接控制任务,开展了微型遮光检测组件精密装配方法研究。研制了自动化精密装配系统;借助六自由度机械臂运动灵活的优势,以搭载于精密运动机构上的定位销作为参考标记,消除了机械臂重复定位误差的影响,不需要增加额外的硬件,仅通过单一相机即实现了复杂微装配中零件的多方位测量与对准引导;为保证微胶连的可靠性,建立了基于胶滴预点样的参数调节和针头定位方法,结合标定块和视觉测量完成胶量和胶滴位置的控制。实验结果表明:利用机器人引导多向视觉对准,能够实现的装配误差小于10 μm,姿态偏角小于0.2°,对于直径为300 μm的胶滴,胶滴位置偏差小于±10 μm,直径大小的一致性偏差小于9%,满足装配作业对组件对准和胶连的要求。

关键词: 精密装配, 视觉测量, 微胶连, 机器人

Abstract:

Micro shading detection components were widely used in high-precision displacement and motion sensors, where strict dimensional accuracy and precise assembly were required. To address the challenges of vision-based detection and bonding control during their automated assembly, a precision assembly method for such components was proposed herein. An automated precision assembly system equipped with a six-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF) robotic arm was developed. Vision feedback was employed to provide multi-directional alignment guidance during assembly; the flexible movement of the robotic arm was leveraged; locating pins mounted on precision motion mechanisms were used as reference markers; and the impact of the robotic arm's repeated positioning errors was ingeniously eliminated. Without additional hardware, the system achieved multi-directional measurement and alignment guidance of parts in complex micro-assembly using only a single camera. Moreover, to ensure the reliability of micro-scale adhesive bonding, a pre-adjustment method was proposed for dispensing parameters and nozzle positioning. Specifically, by integrating calibration blocks and vision measurement, precise control over adhesive volume and droplet positioning was realized. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves an assembly error of less than 10 μm, with an orientation deviation of less than 0.2°. For adhesive droplets with a diameter of 300 μm, the positioning deviation is controlled within ±10 μm, and the uniformity deviation of droplet diameter is within 9%. These performances fully meet the alignment and bonding requirements of precision assembly tasks.

Key words: precision assembly, vision measurement, micro adhesive bonding, robotics

中图分类号: