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Table of Content

    25 March 2013, Volume 24 Issue 6
    Boring Bar Design with Laminar Composite Structure and Research on Properties
    WANG Jun, TUN Feng-He, HAN E-Li, SUN Dong-Xing
    2013, 24(6):  711-715. 
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    A boring bar made from carbon fiber composite and metal was designed with laminar composite structure.The static and dynamic properties of boring bar were analyzed by theory and inite element method,and were compared with one made from hard metal.Results show that the hard metal boring bar has higher static stiffness,lower natural frequency and lower dynamic stiffness,so it can be applied for bigger load and lower speed boring operations.But the boring bar with composite structure has better dynamic
    properties,it is appropriate to higher speed boring operations.

    Rotation Precision Analysis of Corner-filleted Flexure Hinge
    DIAO Lei, GONG Yan
    2013, 24(6):  715-720. 
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    First,based on the beam theory,an analytical equation of corner-filleted flexure hinge's planar rotation precision was obtained,and the closed-form planar rotation precision matrix equation was also obtained,and the simple calculation equation was reduced when r<<t.Then,using the finite element method to check the analytical equation,results show the relative errors between the analytical and finite element data are less than 5%,finite element simulation results confirm the theoretical formulation data.Finally,influence of the material parameters and structural parameters on the rotation precision  were analyzed,the results are as follows:when Young's modulus E  increases or Passion ratio ν decreases, then the rotation precision will be better;when the height of flexure hinge h increases,its rotation precision will be better;when 0≤s≤1,3≤q≤10,if s increases or q decreases,then the rotation precision will be better;when thickness of flexure hinge t is fixed,if the corner radio rincreases or the hinge's length l  decreases,then the
    rotation precision will be better;when 0.5mm≤t≤4mm and the parameters h, r, l are fixed respectively,if the thickness of flexure hinge t increases,the rotation precision will be better,and the changing radio will decrease.The above closed-form rotation precision matrix equation will be useful for the design and optimization of flexure hinges and compliant mechanisms.

    Industrial Robot's Positioning Error Measurement Based on Orthogonal Experimental Table
    JI Li-Zhe-1, CHEN Lei-2, WANG Wei-1, TU Lei-Bin-2, YUAN Chao-1
    2013, 24(6):  720-723. 
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    In order to measure the industrial robot's positioning error,a mathematical model of the error measurement system based on the FARO ARM was established,the sample space for the industrial  robot's positioning  error calibration process was given based on the orthogonal experimental table.A real industrial robot's positioning error measurement system was set up and the ABB1410 robot's positioning error was measured. This is a foundation for measuring the robot's positioning errors.

    Modeling and Trafficability Analysis of New Mechanical Elastic Wheel
    HONG Wei, DIAO You-Qun, HUANG Chao, JIANG Cheng
    2013, 24(6):  724-729. 
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    To improve the tire performance of puncture-proof,explosion prevention,safety and bullet-proof,a kind of new mechanical elastic wheel used for military vehicle was put forward. Finite element model and elastic mechanics model were established by analyzing the structure of the new mechanical elastic wheel and were calculated respectively.The deformations obtained by the two models are coincide and show the finite element model is a very good response to the deformation of the wheel.Rolling radius was solved from the finite element model and trafficability was analyzed.The influence factors of drawbar pull force's component forces were discussed in detail.The theoretical supporting for the wheel future design was provided from the discussion.Comparing with the ordinary pneumatic tire in the trafficability,the new mechanical wheel has more advantages.

    Research on Six Magnetic Poles Heteropolar Radial Permanent Magnet Biased Magnetic Bearing
    JI Li, XU Long-Xiang, JIN Chao-Wu
    2013, 24(6):  730-735,741. 
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    The configuration and working principle of an innovative six magnetic poles heteropolar radial permanent magnet biased magnetic bearing were introduced. Based on coordinate transformation method,the mathematical models of the suspension forces were deduced. A design principle of bias magnetic field based on maximization of bearing capacity in different directions was presented. The results of  finite element simulation and theoretical calculations were compared to analyze the influence of the rotor position and control current. The results show that the levitation force has good linearity in the x and y directions, and the linear range in the x direction is larger. The current stiffness error between theoretical calculation and finite-element simulation is less than 3%, while the displacement stiffness error is much larger.

    Design and Optimization of a New Type of Mechanism with Specific Trajectory and Gesture Based on Micro-genetic Algorithm
    LIU Gui-Ping, XUE Jing-Jing
    2013, 24(6):  736-741. 
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    A new type of mechanism was designed and optimized for the requirements of complex production process in automated machinery.Firstly,it was designed to meet the specific trajectory and gesture.It included a cam mechanism and a gear mechanism,where the gear mechanism  was used to implement linear reciprocating motion while the cam mechanism to achieve the specific gesture and some different trajectories combined with the linear reciprocating motion of the epicycloids gear mechanism.Secondly,a method of optimizing the convex contour was put forward to improve the new mechanism's kinematic performance based on the micro-genetic algorithm.As an example,the new mechanism was applied in the conveyor system of an ultra-high-speed aluminum foil tobacco packaging machine in order to achieve the folding and pushing action, and then the convex contour was optimized.The results show that the new type of gear-cam mechanism based on micro-genetic algorithm can achieve the folding aluminum foil packets and push action,also have good kinematic characteristics which can reduce the damage to the tobacco packets and improve the packaging quality.

    Study on Layer-by-layer Electrostatic Self-assembly Composite Abrasives Slurry and Its Silicon Wafer CMP Performance
    TAO Wei-Jiang, MA Guo-Wei, JIN Qing-Bei, HUANG Yi-Shen, DIAO Ban-Shan, HU Xue-Feng
    2013, 24(6):  742-745,780. 
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    According to the principle of layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technology,the cationic polyelectrolyte PDADMAC and SiO2 abrasives were adsorbed onto the surface of the Benzoguanamine formaldehyde(BGF) polymer microsphere alternatively,and the n-SiO2/BGF composite abrasives slurries were prepared.Zeta potential of BGF microsphere was investigated at different adsorption stages,and the adsorption situation between SiO2 abrasives and BGF microsphere was characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM).The polishing mechanism of adsorption layers of SiO2 abrasive and free SiO2 abrasives in slurry was analyzed.The experiments show that the modified 3-SiO2/BGF composite abrasives slurry yieldes highest material removal rate (368.8nm/min) with 5wt% free silica abrasives in slurry.The surface roughness Ra of copper wafer (with 10μm×10μm district) are decreased from Ra 0.3μm to 1.5nm,and the surface peak-valley value Rpv are less than 10nm using the slurry.

    Research on Experiment of NC-ECM with Spherical Cathode Based on FEM
    LIU De-Ying-1, 2, FU Xiu-Qing-1, KANG Min-1, DONG Chao-Fen-1
    2013, 24(6):  746-750. 
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    In order to solve the difficulty in analyzing the shaping law of numerical control electrochemical machining(NC-ECM) with spherical cathode,the process simulation was carried out based on the FEM.A two-dimensional analysis model of the electric field built in ANSYS software was solved.The current density distribution and the workpiece surface shape on the anode were obtained.The experiments based on the simulation parameters were carried out,and the cutting depth values were measured.The accuracy of the simulation was verified by the comparison between the calculated values and the actual values.It is indicated that the simulation method meets the accuracy of the engineering calculations.The method and theory for further in-depth research on the process simulation in NC-ECM with ball-end cathode are provided.

    Kinematic Analysis and Workspace Calculation of a 6-PTRT Manipulator for Chamfering Gear Addendum
    WEI Xiu-Ting-1, LI Gang-1, DU Jiang-2, CHEN Qian-Qian-1
    2013, 24(6):  750-754. 
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    6-PTRT manipulator was put forward to achieve the addendum-chamfering automation for spiral bevel gears.The gestures of its movable platform were described through Z-Y-Z Eula angle transformation and its inverse kinematics was formulated with vector equations.Furthermore,its workspace-searching algorithm was analyzed according to geometric restrictions,with the relatively exact workspace obtained.This paper lays a foundation for workspace calculation,trajectory planning,interference checking and control system design of the manipulator.

    Topological Optimization Design for Truss Structures  Using the Paragraphing GA
    WANG Qi, RAO Bi-Bei, WANG Yuan-Bo, LI Ying
    2013, 24(6):  755-760. 
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    In the structural optimization design of aircraft and automobile,the truss structure should have enough strength,stiffness and sufficient reliability,and maintain the weight of their structure as light as possible and enhance their efficiency in optimization process.A GA operation process was divided into two phases,i.e. coarse search and fine search,the crossover probability (Pc) and the mutation probability (Pm) were adaptive setting in the process respectively,and the penalty function was introduced in the truss topology model to get rid of the restriction.Finally,the improved GA was applied to analyze  the topological optimization design of the truss structures,the iteration time of the optimization design model is far less than that of  the simple genetic algorithm.It is proved the improved genetic algorithm is practicality and feasibility.

    Vibration Fatigue Life Prediction of Engineering Structures Based on DFR Method
    YAN Yi-Feng, WANG Chang-Wu, CHANG Xing
    2013, 24(6):  760-764. 
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    An equipment structure with foundry defects was studied  herein to acquire the fatigue life based on the DFR method.The data employed in the method were obtained from a series of tests,which were basic mechanical properties,fatigue/crack propagation performance,mode/dynamic response performance,load spectrum of critical site,etc.It is proved that this method provides a reasonable and feasible approach to assess fatigue life of engineering structure under the broad band random vibration environment.

    Research on Rescheduling Execution Costs in Job Shop under Uncertain Conditions
    LIU Meng-Zhou, TUN Wen-Rui, ZHANG Ming-Xin, GE Mao-Gen, HU Jing
    2013, 24(6):  765-769. 
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    To improve the stability and performability of rescheduling in job shop under uncertain conditions,pre-scheduling execution loss function was established based on two aspects of jobs and machines.By comprehensive weighting the time deviation cost of the same operations,the adjacent operations of the same job,working time and waiting time of the equipment,the measurement of rescheduling execution costs was achieved.The risk is reduced,that the actual rescheduling program can not  meet the expected production goal.Finally,the necessity of research on rescheduling execution costs was verified through simulation.

    A Multi-objective Real-time Dispatching Approach for Intrabay Material Handling Systems
    TUN Li-Hui-1, SHU De-Ji-1, ZHANG Ji-2
    2013, 24(6):  769-774. 
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    To obtain better multi-objective comprehensive performances of the Intrabay material handling systems in semiconductor wafer fabrication systems(SWFSs),a fuzzy logic and Hungarian algorithm based dispatching approach was proposed.The approach responsed the  system's dynamic events such as vehicle idling and wafer lot requiring for handling in real-time, and then solved scheduling sub-problems of Intrabay material handling system in the moments corresponding to these dynamic events. With experimental data from an Intrabay material handling system of 300mm SWFSs, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach has better multi-objective comprehensive performances than both the traditional first encounter first served(FEFS) rule and the highest priority(HP) first served rule based dispatching approaches for Intrabay material handling systems. 

    Knowledge Integration and Knowledge Push for Networked Manufacturing
    LIU Jiao-Jian-1, LIAO Wen-He-1, GUO Yu-1, WANG Wen-Bin-2
    2013, 24(6):  775-780. 
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    A method of knowledge integration and push for networked manufacturing process was proposed.First,a knowledge integration model of networked manufacturing process was built,the main forms of knowledge retrieval and acquisition were analyzed,and then for the realization of active knowledge push,the knowledge contexts of manufacturing activities were described from three dimensions.On the basis of that,a strategy of active knowledge push based on ontology query was put forward.Finally,through applications in a discrete manufacturing enterprise,this method was proved to be effective in active manufacturing knowledge push,and in improving the efficiency of decision-making. 

    Software Design for Active Object Oriented Reconfigurable CNC System
    SHU Hua-Bing, LUO Jie-Beng, DONG Ba-Lin, WANG Chi-Sen
    2013, 24(6):  781-786. 
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    To let CNC system software reconfigurable,an active object oriented software design method was proposed,and its design principles were given.Based on the actual application as an example,this paper expounded the design method,reconstruction process and reconstruction results.The method based on object-oriented design endued each object with its own thread of execution,event queue and state machine.The active objects,which were independent and did not share resources,communicated with other
    objects through the event queue,deliver and receipt events in publish-subscribe way.In this way,a new reconfigurable CNC system  was constructed,with low degree of complexity,convenient modification and high reconstruction efficiency.

    Planetary Gear Signal Acquisition Technology Based on Time-Domain Synchronous Average Method
    HU Gui-Feng, WANG Xi-Xiang
    2013, 24(6):  787-791. 
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    The minimum number of turns was based on a particular planetary gear turned back to the starting point of this feature, a method of vibration signal separation technology was proposed,that was based on time-domain synchronous average.The method needed to get data faster because of short sampling time,so a right window function to extract signals was chosen.According to the characteristics of meshing signals,such as the shape of meshing signals,tooth width and its energy leak, the paper  selected Tukeywin function and made sure the selected window width equal to the tooth width of the meshing signals.Time-domain synchronous average can extract complete signals of  the planetary gear teeth through Tukeywin function after averaging signals.The experimental results and contrast show that this method is simple and effective. 

    GPU Accelerated Computation for Surface Topography Measurement
    WANG Chi-Feng-1, CAO Yan-Long-2, 3, XU Peng-3, JIN Lu-3, YANG Jiang-Xin-3
    2013, 24(6):  791-794. 
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    The conventional time-consuming Fourier transform analysis algorithm was described as well as a parallel data processing algorithm which used GPU in the real-time surface measurement.This parallel algorithm adopted GPU to deal with a series of image pixels simultaneously,so the procedure of processing data gets got to speed up.By analyzing the results calculated by GPU and central processing unit,we find that the precision of the results computed by GPU do not decrease while the processing efficiency is highly increased.

    Improvement to Weighted Frequency Subspace Mode Parameter Identification Algorithm
    LI Yong-Jun, MA Li-Yuan, WANG Tian-Hui, DUAN Yong-Gang
    2013, 24(6):  795-799. 
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    In order to reduce the noise effect in frequency-domain subspace algorithm for mode identification,a new weighted frequency subspace algorithm was put forward herein.The noise variance in frequency domain was estimated with a few experiments.The weight matrix was made up of the weight coefficient from the estimated variance of the input and output.This algorithm considered the noise of the input and output and allocated the weight with variance in frequency domain.The simulation was carried out on a system with two DOF  to validate the effect.The experiments on a variable section were put up.The results from the simulation and experiments show that the improved algorithm can exactly get the modal parameters under the conditions with  strong noise.

    Research on Stochastic Stability of Elastic Constraint Wheelset System
    LIU Wei-Wei, DAI Huan-Yun, CENG Jing
    2013, 24(6):  799-804. 
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    Considering track random irregularity and their structure random parameters,an elastic wheel system was established with Hamilton function form of the Ito stochastic differential equation.According to the stochastic averaging method the Ito stochastic differential equation was expressed as one-dimensional diffusion process,the maximal Lyapunov exponent was calculated by quasi non-integrable hamiltonian theory and Oseledec multiplicative ergodic theory,the local stochastic stability conditions were obtained;the stochastic global stability conditions were also obtained by judging the modality of the singular boundary.The results show that,the stability of the system is mainly composed of inner multiplicative excitation control,and also changed with the external excitation.Different random strength effects on the wheelset system have different instability critical speed,compared with no-considering stochastic factors of wheelset
    system identified only one instability critical speed the essential difference is between.

    Research on Recycling Technology and Experiment of Waste Polyurethane Foam of Refrigeration Equipment Based on Mechanical and Physical Method
    LIU Zhi-Feng, DAN Lei, TUN Zhong-Wei, DIAO Jian
    2013, 24(6):  805-810. 
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    A recycling technology of waste polyurethane foam of refrigeration equipment was proposed based on mechanical and physical method,it was proved that polyurethane materials can degrade under right conditions by experiments duo to the mechanical and physical effects,and the range and variance analysis of orthogonal test were used to obtain the affection of speed,time,feeding material weight on degradation efficiency of polyurethane in the range of given processing parameters.According to the affection,the influencing factors can be arranged as follows:speed,time,feeding material weight,and the optimal processing parameters are determined as follows:speed is as 2400r/min,time is as 120min.

    Temperature Field Simulation and Experimental Research on Controlable Burned Grinding by Discharge-Induced
    LIU Zhi-Dong, WANG Lin, TIAN Zong-Jun, QIU Meng-Bei, XU Jian-Yuan
    2013, 24(6):  811-815. 
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    The temperature field of controllable burned grinding by discharge-induced,which consisted of spark discharge and burned machining,was simulated with finite element method.Mathematical models and boundary conditions were constructed,the temperature field of spark discharge was simulated firstly,and the temperature field distribution was obtained.Then the temperature field of burned machining based on spark discharge was simulated,and distribution of the whole burned grinding was obtained.The simulation results were verified by processing experiments.The results show that,simulation result of softened layer depth (74μm) is similar to machining one(68μm ),which proves that finite element simulation is viable for the prediction of machining effect of controllable burned grinding by discharge-induced under a certain condition. 

    Research on Following Grinding Methodology for Crankshaft Based on Boxer Located Double Wheels
    SHU Gong-Xiang, ZHANG Yu, BO Xu-Hua
    2013, 24(6):  816-821,825. 
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    A new grinding strategy was proposed for crankshaft based on boxer located double wheels,where two wheels were placed respectively at both sides of the crankshaft part in the normal plane.Five-axis linkage scheme was adapted for the motion control of the two separated wheel frames and the rotation of workpiece,hence to suppress the drawback of workpiece deformation on the roundness precision of both bearing journals and pin section,which were introduced by the unbalance grinding force of single side grinding mode.Thus the excessive dependence of central support frame in traditional tangential point tracing grinder was eliminated,and the entire procedure of precise machining was achieved for crankshaft part in single grinder from roughcast stage to fine situation.The grinding force balance model of bearing journal and pin journal was analyzed kinematically,as well as the influence of following motion deviation of the double wheels.By computer simulation and practical investigation,the presented grinding strategy emerges good characteristics in the precise manufacturing of crankshaft part,such as easy clamping, high precision and short processing interval.

    Study on Optical Variable Image Generation Method Based on Digital Grating Template
    ZHOU Mo-Gen-1, HU Zhong-Bao-1, ZHONG Yu-Ning-1, SU Hao-2
    2013, 24(6):  822-825. 
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    A new exposure mode to produce optical variable images was studied and advanced by using digital grating,and a laser direct writing experimental system was designed,where Lcos was the image generator.There are two improvements in this new method compared with the traditional ways,①planar array exposure was adopted instead of using Lcos to be image generator,②the Lcos worked  as image generator,and as the optical diffractive element.As a result,the Lcos digital grating can get higher quality arbitrary spot pattern with phase information.Resolution of  the method can reach to 1000 lines per mm,and in the whole resolution range can generate the spot of any line width wanted,therefore higher quality optical variable image is accessible.

    NURBS Surface of Vertical Kneader Stirring Blade and Its Error Analysis
    ZHAN Dun-De, LI Ti-Wen, SHI Tie-Lin
    2013, 24(6):  826-830. 
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    According to the theoretical points of stirring blade horizontal sectional contour curve,a NURBS sectional curve was generated in reverse. Based on the helix angle of stirring blade,a set of different height NURBS sectional curves were produced. Using skinning surface method, the stirring blade NURBS surface was formed. The projection method of control points was proposed for calculating the minimum distance between a point and NURBS surface,to obtain the reconstruction errors of stirring blade NURBS surface. The results show that the NURBS surface reconstruction precision of vertical kneader stirring blade is high, which lays a good foundation for future stirring blade optimization design.

    Experimental Research on Hydrodynamic Effect of Inclined Micro-pored Gas Face Seals
    BAI Shao-Xian, BAI Lin-Qing, MENG Xiang-Kai, LI Ji-Yun, BANG Xu-Dong
    2013, 24(6):  831-835. 
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    Hydrodynamic effect of inclined micro-pored gas face seals was investigated experimentally herein.The tests were carried out on a rotating seal set-up consisted of a carbon rotor and a SiC stator, where the stator was textured with inclined ellipse micro-pores. Film thickness of four textured faces was measured and discussed in different cases of seal pressure and rotating speed. Results show that the inclined ellipse micro-pored seal faces have obvious hydrodynamic effect in gas lubrication cases. Film thickness increases with increasing rotating speed, while influence of hydrodynamic effect on the film thickness decreases with increasing seal pressure. Faces with double-row inclined micro-pores have larger hydrodynamic effect than those with the single-row.

    Status Analysis of Plastic Processing Technology with Ultrasonic Vibration
    DIAO Sheng-Dun, LI Yong-Yi, FAN Chu-Qin
    2013, 24(6):  835-840. 
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    The mechanism of ultrasonic vibration to plastic processing was elaborated firstly,and the reasons of friction vector reverses in surface effect were analyzed quantitatively.Based on the introduction to the research status of the plastic processing technology with ultrasonic vibration at home and abroad,some typical applications of them were analyzed,and the unsolved problems and research direction for the plastic processing technology with ultrasonic vibration were discussed.

    Mammalian Legged Robot:a Review
    QIN Xian-Sheng-1, 2, ZHANG Xue-Feng-1, TAN Xiao-Qun-1, FENG Hua-Shan-1, ZHANG Pei-Pei-1
    2013, 24(6):  841-851. 
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    For discrete ground contact,there were high adaptability and extensive application prospect for mammalian legged robot when encountering special topographical and unpredictable environment such
    as obstacles,ditch and so on.This paper surveyed the development process of mammalian legged robots,and mainly introduced overseas and domestic research status in terms of two legged and four legged robots.The related theory and method on legged structure,joint drive,navigation,stability criterion and control algorithm  were analyzed and discussed,Meanwhile,the difficulties to be solved under development were analyzed and the future of legged robots was forecasted.