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Table of Content

    10 March 2013, Volume 24 Issue 5
    Movement Implementation of 2-DOF Controllable Closed-chain Linkage Mechanism System
    WANG Ru-Gui-1, DAN Guang-Lin-2, CA Gan-Wei-1, ZHOU Xiao-Rong-1
    2013, 24(5):  569-572. 
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    A 2-DOF controllable closed-chain linkage mechanism system was investigated herein. The kinematics analysis of the linkage mechanism was done, and the implementation method under given trajectory in its workspace was studied. The coordinated motion control hardware architecture principles of such kinds of linkage mechanism system were given with the applications of linkage mechanism on engineering machinery as example. The study provides basis for motion control software architecture, and is useful for dynamics analysis, vibration control and the generalized applications on engineering of such kinds of linkage mechanism.

    Transition Gait from Ground to Wall for a Gecko-mimicking Robot
    ZHANG Hao-1, LONG Wei-Ji-1, LI Jin-Fang-2, SHU Zhi-Wei-1, RUAN Feng-1, DAI Zhen-Dong-1
    2013, 24(5):  573-579. 
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    Because of the good flexibility along the spinal axis in two directions, gecko has the possibility to transmit ground to wall in several ways. However gecko prefers to use lateral transition mode. According to the structure of a gecko-mimicking robot whose stiffness along the length direction was much higher than that along the width direction, lateral mode was a good idea for the robot to transit from ground to wall. Several software tools were adopted to simulate together in order to introduce and plan one lateral transition gait, and get the gait sequences and the joint rotation angles.

    Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Treatment Emulsion Fluid in Metal Cutting
    ZHANG Yue-1, 2, DONG Shao-Qing-3, HAN Rong-Di-4
    2013, 24(5):  580-584. 
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    For investigating the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the cooling and lubricating action of emulsion fluid, an ultrasonic treatment system of emulsion fluid was developed to be used in cutting experiments. And the comparison experiments were carried out with YT15 tool turning 45 steel, under three conditions of dry cutting, un-treating emulsion fluid and ultrasonic treating emulsion fluid. The results show that as ultrasonic treatment one is used the cutting forces decrease about 10%~15% and 5%~10% to dry cutting and un-treating emulsion fluid; the cutting deformation coefficients reduce too; and the chip appearances are enhanced. According to the measurement data, the granularity of molecules in emulsion fluid, by ultrasonic treatment, become small, and this can increase the possibility of emulsion fluid entering the capillaries in cutting zone. Therefore, the cooling and lubricating performances of the emulsion fluid are improved by ultrasonic treatment. As a result, the quantity of emulsion fluid will reduce indirectly, and this helps to energy saving and emission reduction.

    Design and Simulation of a Low-cost Micro-positioning Stage
    LEI Qing-Hua-1, TUN Zhi-Wei-2, FAN Pan-Bin-1, ZHANG Xian-Min-2
    2013, 24(5):  585-588,609. 
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    To meet the demands of low-cost and high accuracy for the micro-positioning system in the fields of such as semiconductor and micro/nano manufacturing, a low-cost micro-positioning stage was proposed based on differential lever mechanisms with flexure hinge, which utilized macro-displacement and low accuracy input will realize micro-displacement and high accuracy ouput. First, the macro-displacement of the actuator was scaled down to realize micro-displacement ouput by designing a zooming mechanism, thus reducing the cost of this stage. Second, the stiffness of this stage was analyzed, and two different flexure hinges were presented according to different load distributions in the positioning mechanisms. Finally, a finite element model of the stage was established, and the stress of the stage was analyzed using ANSYS software. In addition, the output displacement of this micro-positioning stage was implemented by simulation analysis. Simulation results show such a micro-positioning stage is feasible.

    Fault Detection for Robot Processing System Based on Petri Net with Unobservable Transitions
    LIU Jiu-Fu, CHEN Ke, LIANG Juan-Juan, XIE Wen-Hua, WANG Zhi-Qing
    2013, 24(5):  589-593. 
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    This paper investigated the fault detection problem of the Petri net with unobservable transitions.Based on the fault characteristics for machine systems in the operation process as well as basic theory of Petri net,this paper made a study of the applications of Petri net in the fault detection of the robot processing system and presented the concept and algorithm of basis reachability tree and diagnosis analysis function in the Petri net with unobservable transitions. An algorithm of the diagnostic state was developed by using the basis reachability tree. The system model of part processing system for the motion of stacking robot was built with Petri net, and the diagnosis results of the diagnostic states were analysed.The diagnosis results are consistent with the actual operation of parts processing system and prove the effectiveness of this method.

    Modular Setting of Reconfigurable Machine Tools Based on Generative Design Method
    ZHANG An-Feng, WANG Long, WANG Yong-Quan, HU Xu-Dong
    2013, 24(5):  594-599. 
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    Establishment of a rational function module group is
    the key to achieve the reconfigurable schemes of the reconfigurable machine tools(RMT).Based on generative design method the structure topology schemes of the boring machine and milling machine were established.It solved the problem of lack of structure schemes for dividing the machine
    modules.The machine tool conceptual structure module groups were obtained by analysis of the machine structure topology schemes.The conceptual function module groups of machine tools were established based on the principle of module functional autonomy design in RMT.Through the linking of the conceptual function modules,movement function and the process planning,the functional module setting method of reconfigurable machine tools was proposed based on the process planning of  the machined part family.Fanally a case study validated the proposed method.

    Cylindrical Magnetorheological Fluid Stepless Transmission Controlled by Shape Memory Alloy
    MA Jian-Zuo-1, WEI Shu-Hua-2, ZHONG Chi-Rong-2
    2013, 24(5):  599-603. 
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    Based on the shape memory effect of shape memory alloy under thermal effect and the rheological behavior of magnetorheological fluid,the relationships of the shape memory alloy temperature detect switch's output displacement with the temperature,the geometric parameters,the material parameters and the operating load was established.The shape memory alloy temperature detect switch was used to
    control the current that induced magnetic field.The Herschel-Bulkley model was used to describe the constitutive characteristics of magnetorheological fluid subjected to an applied magnetic field to derive the relationships of the magnetorheological fluid transmission torque with the magnetic field parameters, the magnetorheological fluid material parameters, the size parameters and the motion parameters. The results indicate that the output displacement of the shape memory alloy temperature detect switch can change rapidly with the temperature. The torque transmitted by magnetorheological fluid goes up rapidly with the increase of the applied magnetic field strength and the output angular velocity can be adjusted continuously by the air temperature from radiator.

    Design of Heave Compensation System and Prototype Development Based on Planetary Transmission Speed Governor
    XU Xiao-Jun, CHEN Xun, HU Yong-Pan
    2013, 24(5):  604-609. 
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    This paper firstly brought forward an active heave compensation system (AHCS) based on differential planetary transmission (DPT) speed governor. Then operating principles of this new system were represented, a mathematical model was built, and variable transmission relationships were deduced. The research accomplished designs of planetary transmission speed governor, electrical and hydraulic servo system, as well as ship posture detection system, based on composite control strategy combination of feed-forward composition and feedback correction. Finally, prototype's experimental scheme was designed and the test platform was built, and the results show the planetary transmission speed heave composition system can meet requirements for lifting work under complex oceanic conditions according to the heave composition tests.

    Kinematics Analysis of a Pneumatic De-icing Robot
    WANG Ji-Dai-1, LIAN Jin-Ling-1, 2
    2013, 24(5):  610-613,627. 
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    A new pneumatic de-icing robot was presented in view of the fact that traditional de-icing methods was usually inefficient and unsafe. The de-icing robot with three arms has high efficiency in de-icing and obstacle crossing. By establishing cartesian coordinate of de-icing robot and applying coordinate transformation to derive converse and positive kinematics equation of the robot, the relation between the position of the whole robot and all joint varieties and the structure parameters can be determined. Three-dimensional model of the robot was imported to ADAMS to simulate the procedure of overhanging suspension clamp. The feasibility of the model was tested to be reliable and feasible through the emulative result and experimental operations.

    Self-adaption Accelerated Life Testing Data Statistics Analysis Based on Elimination Method of Double Truncation Data
    LIU Da-Zhang-1, ZHONG Yu-Ning-1, TANG Xiao-Qi-2
    2013, 24(5):  614-617. 
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    According to the accelerated life testing data statistics analysis, the different stress level failure data must be converted into the same standard time series. The calculation is complicated and troublesome and the statistical efficiency is low. This defect can be effectively overcome by the double truncation data elimination method of the exponential distribution. So a double truncation data elimination method based on model transformation was proposed. At frist, the Weibull distribution was converted into exponential distribution because the numerical control system lifetime obeys the Weibull distribution, then the statistical analysis of the SA-ALT data was done.

    Development of Fast Real-time NURBS Direct Interpolation Algorithm
    WANG Guo-Xun-1, WANG Wan-Shan-1, WANG Jun-1, SHU Qi-Lin-2
    2013, 24(5):  617-622. 
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    To solve the problem of speed fluctuation existing in NURBS interpolation algorithm under Taylor expansion and enhance interpolation in real-time, a method on NURBS curve interpolation was studied. A new interpolation method on the principle of interpolation and an algorithm of fast evaluation and derivation were proposed. Under the precondition to satisfy the accuracy demands in interpolation process, the method utilized calculation of the next point coordinates directly using feedrate, and using the recursive matrix to fast calculate the NURBS' value and derivative, decreases effectively the issue of speed fluctuation, and enhances the calculation speed and interpolation in real-time. Simulation experiments indicate that the proposed method is effective and feasible.

    A Global Optimization Algorithm Based on Incremental Metamodel Method
    WEI Cuan-1, TUN Xi-Zhong-2, CHEN Li-Beng-2
    2013, 24(5):  623-627. 
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    A new global optimization method based on incremental metamodel was proposed for the complex simulation model problem. Firstly, to overcome the defects of existing incremental Latin hyper-cube design, which was hard to control the number of sampling points and limited to multiples, we proposed an improved incremental Latin hyper-cube sampling method based on subtraction rule idea.Secondly, combined incremental Latin hyper-cube design and the method of incremental update radial basis functions, we proposed a new efficient global optimization algorithm. Finally, the method was applied to a pressure vessel design problem and the results of the example demonstrate the efficiency and engineering practicability of the presented method.

    Incipient Fault Recognition of Rolling Bearings Based on Manifold Learning and One-class SVM
    LIU Li-Juan, CHEN Guan, HAO Teng-Fei
    2013, 24(5):  628-633. 
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    A method was presented for incipient fault recognition of rolling bearings,which was based on manifold learning and one-class SVM.Firstly,the original feature space was constructed with the domain parameters of bearing signals,and then the LE was used to compress the feature samples and acquire the sensitive fault features,Finally the classification and recognition of all status were implemented with one-class SVM.Besides,with the actual fault data of rolling bearings the method was confirmed and the feasibility was indicated from the comparison of LE and principal component analysis. 

    Fatigue Analysis of Connecting Rods Based on ABAQUS
    TAN Mei-Lan, WU Guo-Yu, LIANG Fu-Xiang
    2013, 24(5):  634-638. 
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    In order to investigate the dynamic fatigue loads of a connecting rod under engine calibration conditions more fully, the analysis of kinematics and dynamics of the connecting rod was carried out using the rotational inertia method. With the help of the critical plane method, fatigue calculation module was redeveloped based on ABAQUS. The fatigue life was given through finite element analysis of the connecting rod. The whole process was achieved by Python programming language in the ABAQUS software. The developed method herein is able to reflect the connecting rod's fatigue properties more fully by the comparison of numerical results obtained in the engine calibration conditions with the traditional results of the maximum tensile and compressive conditions. It is also shown that the numerical calculation is correct, the redevelopment of the program is feasible. 

    Research on Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic System for Shield Machine Based on Improved Moving Windows Algorithm of Principal Component Analysis
    ZHOU Ai-Cai, HUANG Ke, DIAO Jiong, XIONG Xiao-Lei
    2013, 24(5):  638-643. 
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    For fault diagnosis of hydraulic system of a shield machine,this paper proposed applying multi-block theory to this machine.Firstly multi-block principal component analysis of hydraulic system of a shield machine was expounded,and the whole system was divided  into many sub-systems of the hydraulic system,
    then an improved moving windows algorithm was adopted to analyse each sub-system,and finally the erector hydraulic system was taken as research object.The results show this algorithm is effective.

    Simulation and Analysis on Lubrication Performance of Surface Micro-Groove Texturing on Cylinder Liner in Diesel Engine
    YIN Bi-Feng, JIAN Yan-Jiang, LI Xiao-Dong, LIU Qing-Ji, FU Yong-Hong
    2013, 24(5):  644-650. 
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    Based on surface micro-groove texturing on cylinder liner, a mixed lubrication model of cylinder liner-piston ring was established, and the influence of micro-groove parameters on the lubrication performance was calculated by using MATLAB programming. The results show that the surface groove can form good film pressure, which effectively improves the lubrication state between cylinder liner and piston ring. And with the angle of micro-groove increases, the minimum oil ratio increases gradually, and the lubrication effect is getting better and better. Meanwhile synthetically considering the lubrication performance of friction and engine oil consumption performance, the best angle of micro-groove is affirmed as 60°. The changing of area density has great influence on the dimensionless friction force nearby the TDC, but has little influence on the other areas.Then the optimal area density is Sp=0.15. The dimensionless friction force increases continually with the increases of depth-to-width ratio, when e increases from 0.025 to 0.15, the average dimensionless friction force increases 2.3 times, and if the depth-to-width is too large, the lubrication effect will be weakened, the optimal depth-to-width ratio is as e=0.05~0.08.

    Study on EHL Performance for a Misaligned Logarithmic Profile Roller
    SUN Gao-Xiang-1, HUA Tong-Shu-2, CHEN Xiao-Yang-3
    2013, 24(5):  650-653. 
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    EHL performance for a misaligned logarithmic profile roller was studied. It is concluded that the contact area appears a large and small area under misaligned operating conditions. At the large area, pressure will rise and filmthickness will drop down, while pressure and filmthickness change in the opposite direction at the small area. With the increase of the misaligned angle, the trends of misalignment become dominant, and with the increase of length-radius ratio for a fixed misaligned angle, the effects of misalignment become notable. A larger crowning value can weaken the effects of misalignment. Therefore, a larger crowning value can be given in the crowning design under misalignment working conditions.

    Cellular Automata Based Algorithm for Solving Assembly Line Balancing Problem of Type Ⅱ
    LU Su-Li, TANG Qiu-Hua, LI Meng
    2013, 24(5):  654-658. 
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    An algorithm based on CA was proposed to solve  ALBP-Ⅱ problem,which minimized the production cycle time of assembly line for a given number of stations.The assembly line balancing problem can be divided into 3 parts:work station,task and task assignment rule.From the viewpoint of CA,work station was regarded as fixed grid node,task as moving particle,the mechanism of balancing assembly line as the evolution rule which included shift rule and swap rule.This paper also designed the rules of the execution conditions and the whole algorithm procedure.The results obtained by solving benchmark problems prove the feasibility of the algorithm,the comparison between results herein and those from related literature reveals that the proposed algorithm gets results with smaller relative error and has more chances to get optimal solution.

     Optimization Design on Parameter Domain of a Conjugate Cam Weft Insertion Mechanism Based on Kinematics Spectrum
    ZHANG Lei, CENG Jin-Feng
    2013, 24(5):  658-662. 
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    In order to quickly respond to customer requirements and realize the optimization design of weft insertion mechanism in high rapier looms development, a new method about solution of kinematics equation was developed. The kinematics equation was proposed,and the kinematic curve of displacement, velocity and acceleration were given. The kinematics spectrum of this weft insertion mechanism was also provided according to these parameters. An optimization design of the conjugate cam weft insertion mechanism was established based on kinematics spectrum with dynamics conditions. As a case, the optimization solution expansion of a rocker was also presented. Results based on MATLAB demonstrate the rightness of the proposed method.

    Optimal Extracting Technology of Symmetry Edge of Point Cloud
    ZHANG Xu-1, ZHANG Hua-Chang-2, TANG Jiao-Meng-1
    2013, 24(5):  663-666. 
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    To improve the precision and ensure strict symmetry of extraction results,an optimal extracting technology of symmetry edge of point cloud was proposed.The template was customized based on CAD model,and then the template was matched with point cloud.The point cloud was sliced using a series of planes constructed by points and vectors of the template information then a series of sections were gotten. Every section data was optimized to get an edge point. The edge points were divided into two parts using the symmetry axis, and one part was mirrored through the symmetry axis to construct the parametric points. The objective points consisted of the parametric points and the other part. An objective function was constructed by the objective points. Objective function was solved iteratively to get optimal edge curves. The edge curves were mirrored according to symmetry axis to get the other side curves. The example shows the results of optimization improve the precision and ensure strict symmetry of extraction result.

    Numerical Simulation of Cutting Process of CBN Grit Based on SPH Method
    QI Chong-1, 2, HU Li-1, LIU Yuan-Wei-1, MA Ji-Jun-2
    2013, 24(5):  667-671. 
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    Cutting process of CBN grit was simulated by SPH.Mesh constraint was solved when the chip separation was simulated by mesh method.Wear mechanism of CBN grit and cutting deformation mechanism of  workpiece material were analyzed according to the stress field variation of CBN grain,workpiece material and motion situation of discrete SPH particles.It is concluded that stress concentrations occur on the tip and extrusion plane edges of grit,thus the portions tend to wear,and even generate micro-breakage.Workpiece material produces elastic-plastic deformation,flows to the side and front owing to the extrusion of abrasive grain,and finally forms chip in front of abrasive grain.

    Research on Effects of Loading Amplitude on Fatigue Life of Metal Rubber Material
    CAO Feng-Li-1, BAI Hong-Bai-1, WANG You-Ya-2, ZHOU Jing-Chao-1
    2013, 24(5):  671-675. 
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    A disc-shaped metal rubber specimen was designed and its fatigue test was performed. The effects of loading amplitude on fatigue life of metal rubber material were researched. The fatigue parameters which were secant stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient were put forward. The changing trends of bearing and energy dissipation capacity under fatigue loading were analyzed with vibration number. Based on the fatigue parameters, a mathematical model describing the degree of fatigue damage with vibration number was given. The results indicate that the small amplitude has significant effects on stabilizing the mechanical characteristics of wire and improves the bearing and energy dissipation capacity of metal rubber material in initial loading stage, and with increasing of amplitude its fatigue life will decrease rapidly.

    Reliability of Welded Surfacing Layer for Remanufacture of Vehicle's Drive Axle Housing
    CHEN Ye-Chao-1, SONG Shou-Hu-1, WANG Yu-Lin-1, DU Chang-Chun-2
    2013, 24(5):  676-680. 
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    In order to discuss whether the welded surfacing layer can satisfy the remanufacture conditions when the surface of vehicle drive axle housing was damaged, the weld surfacing layers with different thicknesses were covered on the surface of drive axle housing shells by using H13CrMoA and ER50-6 with sub-melt laser instantaneous technology. The stress distribution of welding specimens was measured by magnetic memory testing device, the characteristics of this section was analyzed by SEM. The hardness was tested and nondestructive testing was made by osmosis, magnetic powder and X-ray. The testing results indicate that ER50-6 welding specimens has the similar hardness with base metal, the heat affected zone of base metal will not be softened partly. Welded surfacing layer is combined well with base metal. Welding defects and stress concentration do not appear. The uneven distribution of stress is less than the H13CrMoA surfacing specimens. 

    Research on Assessment of Energy Saving in Light-weight of Automotive Material Based on GREET Model
    LI Fei-Long, GUO Kong-Hui, YANG Yan-Beng, CHEN Die-Song
    2013, 24(5):  681-685. 
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    This paper analyzed the GREET model of USA Argonne national laboratories, which made energy consumption evaluation with the whole life cycle assessment theory for automotive lightweight. First the boundaries of energy evaluation system was confirmed, and the calculation model for the energy consumption of the main material for car model was established, and the method for the energy consumption calculation in the phase of use, assembly and scrap recovery was suggested. This paper selected Prius as the example, with the calculation model, using the GREET software, a comparative analysis of energy consumption and a sensitivity analysis for the whole life cycle of the lightweight Prius and a normal Prius were made, the results show that the automotive lightweight can effectively reduce energy consumption throughout the life cycle. 

    #br# Optimization of Vehicle Drivetrain Torsional Vibration Characteristics Based on Sensitivity Analysis
    ZHANG Dai-Qing, WANG Gao
    2013, 24(5):  685-689. 
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    By using partial derivative method, the sensitivity formula of natural frequency and vibration mode shape to moment of inertia and stiffness in non-damping free torsional vibration system of a vehicle drivetrain were worked out. Based on the sensitivity formula, sensitivity value of natural frequency and vibration mode shape of a vehicle drivetrain torsional vibration system to structure parameters were calculated and the most sensitive structure parameters were obtained. By modifying these parameters, natural frequency and vibration mode shape of drivetrain were optimizated and torsional vibration became weaken. The study can provide a proof for the dynamics performance optimization of automotive power train.

    Crash Pulse Optimization of Vehicle Frontal Impact Based on Occupant Injury
    LI Tie-Zhu, LI Guang-Yao, DIAO Min, GU Ji-Chao
    2013, 24(5):  690-695. 
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    With the occupant injury indices as target, crash pulse was researched and simplified. And then crash pulse was optimized to provide improved direction for the body to achieve a forward design of body crashworthiness. Aiming at a minibus, an occupant restraint system of the minibus was modeled using mathematical dynamic model (MADYMO) software and validated based on the frontal impact test. The crash pulse was simplified to optimize the deceleration waveform based on the restraint system model. For specific occupant injury indices, the optimal deceleration waveform was gained. In order to improve efficiency, through the design of experiments Kriging approximation model of the occupant restraint system was built instead of simulation model. The results show that the method can realize that the crush space of the front body can be used rationally and provide improved direction and goals for body. The method that is conducive to a forward design of body crashworthiness has a strong engineering practicability.

    Review of Research Progresses for Graph-based Models in Fault Diagnosis Method
    LIU Feng-Feng, ZUO Hong-Fu, SU Yan, SUN Jian-Zhong
    2013, 24(5):  696-703. 
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    Diagnosis of complex systems is always the hot research field. where many scholars employ graph-based model to solve the fault diagnosis of the complex systems. The paper studied graph modeling ideas, model expression, reasoning methods of the main graph-based models which were able to classify these graph theory models. It was summarized the current research status, the research achievements,advantages and shortcomings of graph-based model. Through the analyses of graph theory models existing limitations in the practical engineering applications, we put forward some ideas to solve these problems and present the developing trend of such methods.

    An Overview and Recent Research Progresses of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
    YANG Yi-Fei, BO Wei, SHU Huang-Qiu
    2013, 24(5):  703-709. 
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    This paper formulated several main types of vertical axis wind turbine and their characteristics, operation principles and applications were discussed. The improvement on performance in improving wind power coefficient and the latest development of the main key part were presented. The viewpoints are that vertical axis wind turbine will be the development tendency of wind power. Finally, the conclusion gives a simple view of problems that need further study on the basis of the shortage of the vertical axis wind turbine.