Advances in Additive Manufacturing Processes for Ceramic Matrix Composites

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Ceramic matrix composites applied in the aerospace fields needed to achieve structure-function integration， which posed higher requirements for the complex dimensionality and the efficient production. However， the traditional preparation processes with cumbersome equipment and operations， as well as long molding cycles， limited the further development of ceramic matrix composites in the related fields， additive manufacturing provided them with a solution for low-cost and efficient industrial production.The research progresses of additive manufacturing for ceramic matrix composites were reviewed， where the composition， characteristics， application fields， and development prospects in combination with additive manufacturing were systematically introduced. The applications， processing principles， characteristics， and mechanics properties of ceramic matrix composites prepared by selective laser sintering， stereo lithography appearance， direct ink writing， laminated object manufacturing， and binder jetting were examined. It is emphasized that challenges including raw material production， process optimization， and post-processing still need to be addressed in order to further enhance production efficiency and material performances.

Key words: additive manufacturing, ceramic matrix composite, preparing process, mechanics property

摘要：

应用于航空航天领域的陶瓷基复合材料需实现结构-功能一体化，这对材料的复杂维型及其高效生产提出了更高要求，而设备与操作繁琐、成形周期长的传统制备工艺限制了陶瓷基复合材料在相关领域的进一步发展，增材制造技术为复杂维型、高性能陶瓷基复合材料的低成本、高效工业生产提供了解决方案。综述了陶瓷基复合材料增材制造工艺的研究进展，介绍了陶瓷基复合材料的组成和基本特性、应用领域以及与增材制造相结合的发展前景；探讨了激光选区烧结、立体光刻法、墨水直写技术、分层实体制造、黏结剂喷射技术在陶瓷基复合材料制备中的应用类别、工艺原理和特点、制件的力学性能。在该研究领域仍需解决原料研制、增材工艺优化和粗坯后处理等问题，以进一步提高成形效率和制件性能。

关键词: 增材制造, 陶瓷基复合材料, 制备工艺, 力学性能

CLC Number:

TB332

JIANG Yongliang, DONG Ruilan, LI Yang, LI Chenlong, LI Zhipeng, CHEN Guoda. Advances in Additive Manufacturing Processes for Ceramic Matrix Composites[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(6): 1325-1344.

姜永亮, 冻瑞岚, 李阳, 李晨龙, 李志鹏, 陈国达. 陶瓷基复合材料增材制造工艺研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(6): 1325-1344.

Figures/Tables 27

Fig.1 SLS technique

Fig.2 SLS-PIP process of SiCp/SiC composite sandwich panel［27］

Fig.3 Green body， precast body， and composite of graphite/SiC［34］

Fig. 4 SEM images of fibers for Csf/SiC composites prepared by SLS-LSI process［36］

Fig.5 The formation principle of SLA technique［39］

Fig.6 Process and schematic diagram of SLA technique for forming honeycomb disc-shaped SiCw/Al2O3 composite［48］

Fig.7 Typical toughening mechanisms in SiCw/SiC composites［52］

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of post processing of nano ZrO2/SiO2 composite with（left） and without（right） embedding process［55］

Fig. 9 SEM image of Csf/SiC green body［57］

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of SLA technique for forming SiO2sf/SiO2 composite［58］

Fig.11 The extrusion principle of DIW technique： pneumatic， piston， and screw［62］

Fig.12 Extrusion principle of DIW technique for short fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite

Fig. 13 Desktop DIW forming device［78］

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of interaction between ceramic powders and additives in two stable suspensions［79］

Fig.15 The forming principle of continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite using DIW technique［82］

Fig.16 DIW formed Cf/SiC composite using heat assisted extrusion［87］

Fig.17 DIW technique using dual material thermal assisted extrusion［88］

Fig.18 Biological prototype structure and schematic illustration of the multi-orientation crossed-lamellar structural unit and robot-assisted 3D printing equipment［89］

Fig.19 The forming principle of LOM technique［91］

Fig.20 SiCf/SiC composite formed by LOM echnique［92］

Fig.21 LOM technique for preparing continuous fiber reinforced composite with curved layer structure［93］

Fig.22 Cross section of SiC/Ti3SiC2 composite formed by LOM technique［97］

Fig.23 The forming principle of BJ technique［101］

Fig.24 Complex structured Si-SiC composite manufactured through a combination of BJ， PRIP， and LSI processes［107］

Fig.25 Particles treated by spray drying process［109］

Fig.26 Additive manufacturing of ceramic matrix composite process steps properties and application requirements

Tab. 1 Types and mechanical properties of composites formed by additive manufacturing processes

工艺类型	复合材料种类	弯曲强度/MPa	断裂韧性/（MPa·m^1/2）	参考文献
SLS-PIP-RMI	Si-SiC	265.7		［32］
SLS-LSI	graphite/SiC	152.6		［34］
SLS-RMI	C_sf/SiC	265.2	3.5	［36］
SLA	SiC_w/Al₂O₃	405.0	7.1	［48］
SLA	SiC-Al₂O₃			［50］
SLA-LSI	SiC_w/RBSC	352.2		［52］
SLA	Nano ZrO₂-SiO₂	27.8		［55］
SLA-PIP	C_sf/SiC	110.0	3.0	［57］
SLA-Sol- gel	SiO_2f/SiO₂	28.9		［58］
SLA	h-BN/SiCO	252.4	2.7	［60］
DIW-PIP	C_sf/ZrB₂-SiC	275.0	5.3	［75］
DIW-LSI	C_sf/SiC	253.6		［78］
DIW	Al₂O₃-ZrO₂	611.0	7.9	［79］
DIW-PIP	C_f/SiC	146.0	3.8	［82］
DIW	C_f/SiC	113.2		［83］
PL-DIW-PIP	C_f/HEC-SiC	183.7	14.6	［85］
DIW-PIP	C_f/SiC	149.1	5.3	［87］
DIW-CVI	C_f/SiC	108.6	16.5	［88］
LOM-LSI	SiC_f/SiC	169.0		［92］
LOM-LSI	SiC/TiSi₂/Ti₃SiC₂	180.0		［95］
LOM	SiC/TiSi₂ SiC/Ti₃SiC₂	225.0 165.0	3.2 4.0	［97］
BJ-PIP-LSI	Si-SiC	257.0		［107］
BJ-LSI	SiC_w/SiC	215.3	3.3	［108］
BJ-CVI	SiC_w/SiC	200.0	3.4	［109］

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