中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 2334-2342.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.026

• 工程前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

铆钉结构对CFRP/钛合金摩擦铆焊工艺及接头力学行为的影响

朱峰1,2(), 余飞龙1,2, 周恩涛3, 万海浪1,2, 马运五1,2(), 葛恩德3, 赵亦希1,2, 李永兵1,2   

  1. 1.上海交通大学机械系统与振动全国重点实验室, 上海, 200240
    2.上海交通大学上海市复杂薄板结构数字化制造重点实验室, 上海, 200240
    3.中国商飞上海飞机制造有限公司, 上海, 201324
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-17 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 马运五
  • 作者简介:朱峰,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为复钛叠层材料的铆焊连接工艺。E-mail: f1109_zhu@sjtu.edu.cn
    马运五*(通信作者),男,1990年生,副教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为轻量化材料焊接与连接技术。E-mail: myw3337@sjtu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52305393);国家自然科学基金(52025058)

Effect of Rivet Structure on Friction Riveting Process and Mechanical Behavior of CFRP/Titanium Alloy Joints

ZHU Feng1,2(), YU Feilong1,2, ZHOU Entao3, WAN Hailang1,2, MA Yunwu1,2(), GE Ende3, ZHAO Yixi1,2, LI Yongbing1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240
    2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-Walled Structures,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240
    3.COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co. ,Ltd. ,Shanghai,201324
  • Received:2025-08-17 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-21
  • Contact: MA Yunwu

摘要:

针对预制孔复合材料与钛合金叠层构件,提出基于半空心铆钉的复材单层制孔摩擦铆焊(C-PDFR)工艺:驱动钛合金铆钉进入CFRP板材预制孔,铆钉高速旋转与钛合金板材相互作用,实现管状铆钉体与板材的摩擦焊连接,并通过钉帽锁紧CFRP板材,实现CFRP与钛合金的高性能连接。研究了外倾型、对称型、内倾型铆钉尖端结构对摩擦焊过程中材料流动方向、铆钉/钛板界面焊合质量的影响规律,分析了典型接头的微观组织特征、硬度分布及拉剪性能。结果表明,铆钉/钛板界面形成了细晶搅拌区,在铆钉的旋转进给作用下,细晶区形成金属飞边,并向铆钉内外侧流动。采用外倾型或对称型铆钉时,大量金属飞边流向铆钉内部,造成界面焊合质量降低。而内倾型铆钉能够有效抑制金属飞边向内部流动,进而改善界面焊合质量。外倾型铆钉获得的接头在拉剪测试中呈现低强度界面失效,而内倾型铆钉的接头呈现高强度铆钉剪切断裂,拉剪峰值力和能量吸收分别提高了137.0%和159.1%。

关键词: 复材单层制孔摩擦铆焊, 碳纤维增强复合材料, 钛合金, 半空心铆钉, 失效机理

Abstract:

A C-PDFR process was proposed for pre-drilled CFRP/titanium alloy stacks using semi-tubular rivets. A titanium rivet was driven into a CFRP pre-hole, then rotated at high speed against a titanium alloy plate to achieve friction welding between the tubular rivet and the plate, while the rivet head locked the CFRP, forming high-performance joints. The effects of outward-inclined, symmetrical, and inward-inclined rivet tips on material flow direction and rivet/Ti-plate interfacial bonding quality were investigated. The microstructure, hardness distribution, and tensile-shear performance of typical joints were analyzed. The results show that a fine-grained stirred zone is formed at the rivet/Ti-plate interface. Under the rotational feed of the rivet, metal flash is generated from the stirred zone and flows toward both the inner and outer sides of the rivet. Outward-inclined/symmetrical rivets cause significant inward flash flow, degrading bonding, whereas inward-inclined rivets suppress inward flow, enhancing bonding quality. Tensile-shear tests demonstrate low-strength interfacial failure for outward-inclined rivets versus high-strength rivet shear fracture for inward-inclined variants, with peak force and energy absorption increasing by 137.0% and 159.1%, respectively.

Key words: composite-pre-drilled friction riveting (C-PDFR), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), titanium alloy, semi-tubular rivet, failure mechanism

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