A complex system has the properties of multi-component, multi-function and multi-failure mode, and its failure may cause serious consequence in terms of safety and economy loss. Based on the properties of complex systems, a model was developed to optimise the inspection schedule for a multi-defect component using a probability and random process. The inspections were intended to detect any defect in the components, which may be imperfect. The situation of imperfect inspections and non-constant inspection intervals were considered. An algorithm was presented to optimise the intervals of inspections in order to maximize the reliability of the components. A case study was carried out where the proposed model was used to schedule the rail inspection at a high speed railway network. 

复杂系统具有多部件、多状态、多故障模式的特点，其故障往往会产生重大的安全性后果或造成经济损失。针对复杂系统的故障特征并考虑不完善检查和不等间隔检查的情况，以系统功能故障的预防为目标，运用概率和随机过程原理建立了复杂系统故障检查决策模型。提出了优化系统可靠性和检查间隔期的算法，并给出了该模型在高速铁路网铁轨检查决策中的应用案例。