

China Mechanical Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2418-2427.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.004
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WU Dianjian1,2(
), HUANG Shuaikang1(
), DING Zican1, ZHANG Sanqiang1,2, CAO Weidong3
Received:2025-11-28
Online:2026-10-25
Published:2026-11-10
Contact:
HUANG Shuaikang
吴电建1,2(
), 黄帅康1(
), 丁子璨1, 张三强1,2, 曹卫东3
通讯作者:
黄帅康
作者简介:吴电建,男,1990年生,博士、讲师。研究方向为农机智能装备设计与优化。E-mail:hbut_wdj@163.com基金资助:CLC Number:
WU Dianjian, HUANG Shuaikang, DING Zican, ZHANG Sanqiang, CAO Weidong. An Optimization Nesting Method for Rectangular Parts Based on Elite Genetic Strategy and Dynamic Gap-filling Mechanism[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(10): 2418-2427.
吴电建, 黄帅康, 丁子璨, 张三强, 曹卫东. 基于精英型遗传策略和空隙动态填充机制的矩形件优化排样方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(10): 2418-2427.
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URL: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.004
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N1 | 10 | 40 | 40 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0 | 0 |
| N2 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 24.00 | 12.00 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 |
| N3 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 24.00 | 10.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 |
| N4 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 15.00 | 11.25 | 6.25 | 5.00 | 3.75 |
| C1P1 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 25.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 | 0 | 0 |
| C1P2 | 17 | 20 | 20 | 30.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 |
| C1P3 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 15.00 | 25.00 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 |
| C2P1 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 6.67 | 6.67 |
| C2P2 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 13.33 | 6.67 | 6.67 |
| C2P3 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 0 | 26.67 | 20.00 | 13.33 | 6.67 |
| t4a | 49 | 200 | 200 | 54.00 | 6.50 | 11.50 | 3.50 | 4.00 |
| t4b | 49 | 200 | 200 | 24.50 | 7.00 | 10.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 |
| t4c | 49 | 200 | 200 | 70.00 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 |
| t4d | 49 | 200 | 200 | 65.50 | 6.50 | 12.50 | 1.50 | 3.50 |
| t4e | 49 | 200 | 200 | 34.50 | 9.00 | 11.50 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| 小规模算例平均相对误差 | 29.10 | 13.69 | 12.31 | 4.91 | 3.85 | |||
Tab.1 Comparison of small-scale examples
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N1 | 10 | 40 | 40 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0 | 0 |
| N2 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 24.00 | 12.00 | 6.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 |
| N3 | 30 | 30 | 50 | 24.00 | 10.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 |
| N4 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 15.00 | 11.25 | 6.25 | 5.00 | 3.75 |
| C1P1 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 25.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 | 0 | 0 |
| C1P2 | 17 | 20 | 20 | 30.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 |
| C1P3 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 15.00 | 25.00 | 15.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 |
| C2P1 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 6.67 | 6.67 |
| C2P2 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 13.33 | 6.67 | 6.67 |
| C2P3 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 0 | 26.67 | 20.00 | 13.33 | 6.67 |
| t4a | 49 | 200 | 200 | 54.00 | 6.50 | 11.50 | 3.50 | 4.00 |
| t4b | 49 | 200 | 200 | 24.50 | 7.00 | 10.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 |
| t4c | 49 | 200 | 200 | 70.00 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 3.00 | 3.50 |
| t4d | 49 | 200 | 200 | 65.50 | 6.50 | 12.50 | 1.50 | 3.50 |
| t4e | 49 | 200 | 200 | 34.50 | 9.00 | 11.50 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| 小规模算例平均相对误差 | 29.10 | 13.69 | 12.31 | 4.91 | 3.85 | |||
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N5 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 12.00 | 21.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 |
| N6 | 60 | 50 | 100 | 21.00 | 12.00 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 |
| N7 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 34.00 | 14.00 | 7.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| N8 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 10.00 | 8.75 | 10.00 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| C5P1 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 5.56 | 8.89 | 6.67 | 4.44 | 2.22 |
| C5P2 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 7.78 | 14.44 | 8.89 | 4.44 | 3.33 |
| C5P3 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 7.78 | 13.33 | 11.11 | 5.56 | 2.22 |
| C6P1 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 10.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| C6P2 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 10.83 | 11.67 | 8.33 | 1.67 | 4.17 |
| C6P3 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 11.67 | 8.33 | 6.67 | 3.33 | 2.50 |
| t5a | 73 | 200 | 200 | 73.00 | 8.00 | 7.50 | 3.00 | 4.50 |
| t5b | 73 | 200 | 200 | 80.00 | 7.00 | 7.50 | 2.00 | 4.50 |
| t5c | 73 | 200 | 200 | 40.50 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 2.00 | 4.50 |
| t5d | 73 | 200 | 200 | 46.50 | 10.00 | 8.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 |
| t5e | 73 | 200 | 200 | 97.00 | 7.50 | 11.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 中规模算例平均相对误差 | 31.17 | 10.69 | 8.21 | 3.20 | 3.33 | |||
Tab.2 Comparison of medium-scale examples
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N5 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 12.00 | 21.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 |
| N6 | 60 | 50 | 100 | 21.00 | 12.00 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 |
| N7 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 34.00 | 14.00 | 7.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| N8 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 10.00 | 8.75 | 10.00 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| C5P1 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 5.56 | 8.89 | 6.67 | 4.44 | 2.22 |
| C5P2 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 7.78 | 14.44 | 8.89 | 4.44 | 3.33 |
| C5P3 | 73 | 60 | 90 | 7.78 | 13.33 | 11.11 | 5.56 | 2.22 |
| C6P1 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 10.00 | 7.50 | 10.00 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| C6P2 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 10.83 | 11.67 | 8.33 | 1.67 | 4.17 |
| C6P3 | 97 | 80 | 120 | 11.67 | 8.33 | 6.67 | 3.33 | 2.50 |
| t5a | 73 | 200 | 200 | 73.00 | 8.00 | 7.50 | 3.00 | 4.50 |
| t5b | 73 | 200 | 200 | 80.00 | 7.00 | 7.50 | 2.00 | 4.50 |
| t5c | 73 | 200 | 200 | 40.50 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 2.00 | 4.50 |
| t5d | 73 | 200 | 200 | 46.50 | 10.00 | 8.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 |
| t5e | 73 | 200 | 200 | 97.00 | 7.50 | 11.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 中规模算例平均相对误差 | 31.17 | 10.69 | 8.21 | 3.20 | 3.33 | |||
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N9 | 100 | 50 | 150 | 18.00 | 9.33 | 6.67 | 2.00 | 0.67 |
| N10 | 200 | 70 | 150 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 5.33 | 2.00 | 0.67 |
| C7P1 | 196 | 160 | 240 | 5.83 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 1.67 | 2.08 |
| C7P2 | 197 | 160 | 240 | 10.00 | 8.33 | 5.83 | 2.50 | 1.67 |
| C7P3 | 196 | 160 | 240 | 8.33 | 6.25 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 1.67 |
| t7a | 197 | 200 | 200 | 63.00 | 11.50 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 |
| t7b | 199 | 200 | 200 | 48.50 | 10.50 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 2.50 |
| t7c | 199 | 200 | 200 | 47.50 | 9.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| t7d | 199 | 200 | 200 | 32.50 | 7.50 | 7.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 |
| t7e | 199 | 200 | 200 | 79.00 | 4.50 | 5.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| 大规模算例平均相对误差 | 32.07 | 8.49 | 5.27 | 2.08 | 1.83 | |||
Tab.3 Comparison of large-scale examples
| 编号 | n | W | H最优 | 相对误差δ/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SR-DM | PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | ||||
| N9 | 100 | 50 | 150 | 18.00 | 9.33 | 6.67 | 2.00 | 0.67 |
| N10 | 200 | 70 | 150 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 5.33 | 2.00 | 0.67 |
| C7P1 | 196 | 160 | 240 | 5.83 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 1.67 | 2.08 |
| C7P2 | 197 | 160 | 240 | 10.00 | 8.33 | 5.83 | 2.50 | 1.67 |
| C7P3 | 196 | 160 | 240 | 8.33 | 6.25 | 3.33 | 1.67 | 1.67 |
| t7a | 197 | 200 | 200 | 63.00 | 11.50 | 4.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 |
| t7b | 199 | 200 | 200 | 48.50 | 10.50 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 2.50 |
| t7c | 199 | 200 | 200 | 47.50 | 9.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| t7d | 199 | 200 | 200 | 32.50 | 7.50 | 7.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 |
| t7e | 199 | 200 | 200 | 79.00 | 4.50 | 5.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| 大规模算例平均相对误差 | 32.07 | 8.49 | 5.27 | 2.08 | 1.83 | |||
| 编号 | 长度/mm | 宽度/mm | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 900 | 400 | 15 |
| 2 | 680 | 400 | 8 |
| 3 | 320 | 240 | 8 |
| 4 | 400 | 320 | 22 |
Tab.4 Data sheet of layout parts for instance 1
| 编号 | 长度/mm | 宽度/mm | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 900 | 400 | 15 |
| 2 | 680 | 400 | 8 |
| 3 | 320 | 240 | 8 |
| 4 | 400 | 320 | 22 |
| 编号 | 长度/mm | 宽度/mm | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 557 | 395 | 30 |
| 2 | 1124 | 420 | 20 |
| 3 | 984 | 338 | 28 |
| 4 | 557 | 520 | 30 |
| 5 | 515 | 400 | 40 |
| 6 | 347 | 97 | 57 |
| 7 | 515 | 100 | 50 |
Tab.5 Data sheet of layout parts for instance 2
| 编号 | 长度/mm | 宽度/mm | 数量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 557 | 395 | 30 |
| 2 | 1124 | 420 | 20 |
| 3 | 984 | 338 | 28 |
| 4 | 557 | 520 | 30 |
| 5 | 515 | 400 | 40 |
| 6 | 347 | 97 | 57 |
| 7 | 515 | 100 | 50 |
| 案例 | n | W/ mm | 材料利用率Y/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | |||
| 案例1 | 53 | 1220 | 96.18 | 93.39 | 97.21 | 97.85 |
| 案例2 | 255 | 2440 | 88.31 | 88.47 | 95.44 | 96.06 |
| 平均材料利用率 | 92.25 | 90.93 | 96.33 | 96.96 | ||
Tab.6 Comparison of Production Examples
| 案例 | n | W/ mm | 材料利用率Y/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSO-BL | GWO-BL | Cut-OP | EGGF | |||
| 案例1 | 53 | 1220 | 96.18 | 93.39 | 97.21 | 97.85 |
| 案例2 | 255 | 2440 | 88.31 | 88.47 | 95.44 | 96.06 |
| 平均材料利用率 | 92.25 | 90.93 | 96.33 | 96.96 | ||
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