China Mechanical Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1383-1392.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.011

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Optimization of Flexible Circuit Inkjet Printinges Processes Based on Response Surface Methodology and IGWO Algorithm

GUO Jiongqi(), YU Panyu, LIU Qingtao(), LYU Jingxiang, ZHANG Yichao   

  1. Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an,710064
  • Received:2025-04-21 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-17
  • Contact: LIU Qingtao

基于响应面法与改进灰狼算法的柔性电路喷墨打印工艺优化

郭炯棋(), 于攀宇, 刘清涛(), 吕景祥, 张义超   

  1. 长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室, 西安, 710064
  • 通讯作者: 刘清涛
  • 作者简介:郭炯棋,男,2001年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为电子增材制造。E-mail: 2441428130@qq.com
    刘清涛*(通信作者),男,1981年生,教授、博士。研究方向为电子增材制造、制造过程控制。E-mail: qtaoliu@chd.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4602800);西安市科技计划重点产业链核心技术攻关项目(23LLRH0079)

Abstract:

An orthogonal experimental scheme for conductive line inkjet printing was designed, and a regression model of wire resistance and line width were established using RSM. The influences of different printing parameters on resistance and line width were analyzed. A multi-objective optimization model was established with printing speed, substrate temperature, and printing layers as optimization variables, and minimizing resistance and line width as optimization objectives. The IGWO algorithm was used to solve the model and determine the optimal process parameters. The accuracy and printing effectiveness of the regression model were verified through experiments. The results show that under the optimal printing parameters of a printing speed of 39 mm/s, a substrate temperature of 120 ℃, and 8 printing layers, the wire resistance is as 5.8 Ω and the line width is as 128.804 µm. Compared with the average resistance values and the line width values of the verification test line, the resistance and line width of the conductive lines under the optimal parameters are reduced by 66.8% and 61.3%, respectively. The average relative errors between the actual and predicted values of resistance and linewidth are 3.88% and 2.91%, respectively. Finally, three functional components including microstrip antennas, spiral circuits, and RFID tags are designed and printed, verifying the feasibility of the method.

Key words: flexible circuit, response surface methodology(RSM), improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO) algorithm, inkjet printing, process optimization

摘要:

设计了导电线路喷墨打印的正交试验方案,通过响应面法建立了导线电阻和线宽的回归模型,分析了不同打印参数对电阻和线宽的影响。建立了以打印速度、基板温度、打印层数为优化变量,以最小化阻值、线宽为优化目标的多目标优化模型,使用改进的灰狼算法对模型进行求解,确定了最优工艺参数。通过实验验证了回归模型精度以及打印效果,结果表明:在打印速度为39 mm/s、基板温度为120 ℃、打印层数为8的最优打印参数下,导线电阻值为5.8 Ω,线宽为128.804 µm。与验证实验线路平均电阻值和线宽值相比,最优参数下的导线电阻值和线宽分别减小了66.8%和61.3%,电阻和线宽的实际值与预测值之间的平均相对误差分别为3.88%和2.91%。最后,设计并打印了微带天线、螺旋电路、RFID标签等3种功能件,验证了所提方法的可行性。

关键词: 柔性电路, 响应面法, 改进灰狼算法, 喷墨打印, 工艺优化

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