Study on Ceramic Material Extrusion Processes and Static Mechanics Properties of Their Products

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The static mechanics experimental green specimens built with different processing parameters （i.e. layer thickness， ceramic powder content or filling angle） were formed using the material extrusion （ME） equipment to verify the formability of the self-made zirconia powder/polymer composite filament.The green specimens were then subjected to degreasing and sintering processes to obtain densified pure ceramic sintered specimens. Experimental studies on the physical and static mechanics properties of the sintered specimens were conducted respectively， exploring the influencing laws of different processing parameters on the static mechanics properties of the specimens. The results show that the two-step degreasing method has a good effectiveness， with the degreasing rate and density being 99% and 6.02 g/cm³， respectively. Increasing the content of ceramic powder may significantly reduce the dimensional shrinkage of sintered specimens. The layer thickness has a significant influence on their compression and bending properties， when the layer thickness increases to 0.3 mm， the compressive and bending strengths are dropped to 213.40 and 293.12 MPa， respectively.When the filling angle increases from 0° to 90°， the bending strength is decreased from 456.01 to 120.08 MPa.

Key words: ceramic material extrusion, composite filament, debinding, sintering, static mechanics property

摘要：

利用材料挤出成形设备制备不同过程参数（不同层厚、粉末含量或填充角度）的静力学实验生坯试件，以验证自制氧化锆粉末/聚合物复合丝材的可成形性；然后对生坯试件进行脱脂和烧结处理，以获得致密化的纯陶瓷材料烧结试件；最后针对烧结试件分别进行物理属性及静力学性能的实验研究，探究不同过程参数对试件静力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，两步式脱脂效果良好，试件脱脂率达99%，密度达6.02 g/cm³；增大陶瓷粉末含量会显著降低烧结试件的收缩率；层厚对试件的压缩和弯曲性能影响显著，当层厚增至0.30 mm时，试件的抗压与抗弯强度分别降至213.40 MPa及293.12 MPa；当填充角度由0°增至90°时，试件的抗弯强度由456.01 MPa降至120.08 MPa。

关键词: 陶瓷材料挤出成形, 复合丝材, 脱脂, 烧结, 静力学性能

CLC Number:

TH164

ZHANG Yong, YANG Shuhua, TAI Xingyu, WU Tianjian, AN Renpeng, YING Hongwei, JIANG Shijie. Study on Ceramic Material Extrusion Processes and Static Mechanics Properties of Their Products[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(6): 1362-1370.

张勇, 杨树华, 太兴宇, 吴天健, 安仁鹏, 英洪玮, 姜世杰. 陶瓷材料挤出成形工艺及其制品静力学性能研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(6): 1362-1370.

Figures/Tables 26

Tab.1 Particle size distribution and content of zirconia powder

粒径/μm	质量分数/%
≤38	0.42
38~45	95.43
45~48	2.68
48~58	1.47

Tab.2 Orthogonal experimental design

试件 i=1，2，3	层厚/mm	粉末含量（体积分数）/%	填充角度/（°）
40% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	40	0
40% $C 0 0.25_i$	0.25	40	0
40% $C 0 0.30_i$	0.30	40	0
45% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	45	0
50% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	50	0
40% $C 45 0.20_i$	0.20	40	45
40% $C 90 0.20_i$	0.20	40	90
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	40	0
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	0.25	40	0
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	0.30	40	0
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	45	0
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	50	0
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	0.20	40	45
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	0.20	40	90

Tab.2 Orthogonal experimental design

试件 i=1，2，3	层厚/mm	粉末含量（体积分数）/%	填充角度/（°）
40% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	40	0
40% $C 0 0.25_i$	0.25	40	0
40% $C 0 0.30_i$	0.30	40	0
45% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	45	0
50% $C 0 0.20_i$	0.20	50	0
40% $C 45 0.20_i$	0.20	40	45
40% $C 90 0.20_i$	0.20	40	90
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	40	0
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	0.25	40	0
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	0.30	40	0
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	45	0
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	0.20	50	0
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	0.20	40	45
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	0.20	40	90

Fig.1 Filling angle schematic

Tab.3 Static performance specimen models and their dimensions

试件

模型

尺寸 /mm

压缩

试件

12.5

弯曲

试件

Tab.4 Settings of processing parameters

过程参数	设置结果
填充密度/%	100
填充方式	直线
挤出倍数	1
喷嘴直径/mm	0.6
成形温度/℃	220
成形速度/（mm·s $- 1$ ）	15
床温/℃	110
线宽/mm	0.6

Tab.4 Settings of processing parameters

过程参数	设置结果
填充密度/%	100
填充方式	直线
挤出倍数	1
喷嘴直径/mm	0.6
成形温度/℃	220
成形速度/（mm·s $- 1$ ）	15
床温/℃	110
线宽/mm	0.6

Fig.2 Thermal debinding and sintering curves

Tab.5 Binder formulations and issues that arise

种类	黏结剂配方	出现的问题
1	PLA、HDPE、EVA	复合丝材脆性过高，无法实现连续缠绕和成形
2	SEBS、PW、HDPE、SA	复合丝材脆性过高，无法实现连续缠绕和成形
3	SEBS、PW、HDPE、SA、EVA	含有EVA成分生坯试件不能进行溶剂脱脂
4	SEBS、PW、HDPE、SA、ATBC	复合丝材直径不均匀导致打印机喷嘴堵塞，无法成形生坯试件
5	SEBS、PW、HDPE、SA、DBP	无

Fig.3 Composite filaments with different zirconia powder filling ratio

Fig.4 Compression and bending green specimens shaped using zirconia composite filaments

Fig.5 Sintered specimens after debinding and sintering process

Tab.6 Average degreasing rate of CME specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	溶剂脱脂后的平均脱脂率/%	热脱脂后的平均脱脂率/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	8.53	18.28
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	8.81	18.26
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	8.76	18.21
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	7.64	15.38
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	6.41	12.89
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	9.27	18.19
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	8.96	18.30

Tab.6 Average degreasing rate of CME specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	溶剂脱脂后的平均脱脂率/%	热脱脂后的平均脱脂率/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	8.53	18.28
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	8.81	18.26
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	8.76	18.21
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	7.64	15.38
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	6.41	12.89
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	9.27	18.19
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	8.96	18.30

Tab.7 Density and relative density of CME sintered specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	平均值/ （g·cm $- 3$ ）	最大值/ （g·cm $- 3$ ）	最大相对密度/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.768	5.789	94.90
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	5.936	5.971	97.89
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	5.917	6.006	98.46
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.948	5.994	98.26
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.986	6.020	98.69
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	5.833	5.848	95.87
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	5.863	5.870	96.23

Tab.7 Density and relative density of CME sintered specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	平均值/ （g·cm $- 3$ ）	最大值/ （g·cm $- 3$ ）	最大相对密度/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.768	5.789	94.90
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	5.936	5.971	97.89
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	5.917	6.006	98.46
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.948	5.994	98.26
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	5.986	6.020	98.69
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	5.833	5.848	95.87
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	5.863	5.870	96.23

Tab.8 Shrinkage of CME sintered specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	x方向收缩率/%	y方向收缩率/%	z方向收缩率/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	26.19	25.21	24.61
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	25.62	24.79	24.55
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	26.29	25.01	24.21
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	23.79	23.40	22.90
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	20.88	20.70	20.21
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	25.50	25.01	24.68
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	25.32	25.19	24.36

Tab.8 Shrinkage of CME sintered specimens

试件编号（i=1，2，3）	x方向收缩率/%	y方向收缩率/%	z方向收缩率/%
40% $B 0 0.20_i$	26.19	25.21	24.61
40% $B 0 0.25_i$	25.62	24.79	24.55
40% $B 0 0.30_i$	26.29	25.01	24.21
45% $B 0 0.20_i$	23.79	23.40	22.90
50% $B 0 0.20_i$	20.88	20.70	20.21
40% $B 45 0.20_i$	25.50	25.01	24.68
40% $B 90 0.20_i$	25.32	25.19	24.36

Fig.6 Stress-strain curves of compression sintered specimens with different layer thicknesses

Fig.7 Compressive strength and compressive modulus of compression sintered specimens with different layer thicknesses

Fig.8 Stress-strain curves of compression sintered specimens with different filling rate

Fig.9 Compressive strength and modulus of compression sintered specimens with different filling rate

Fig.10 Stress-strain curves of compression sintered specimens with different filling angle

Fig.11 Compressive strength and modulus of compression sintered specimens with different filling angle

Fig.12 Stress-strain curves of bending sintered specimens with different layer thickness

Fig.13 Bending strength and modulus of bending sintered specimens with different layer thickness

Fig.14 Stress-strain curves of the bending sintered specimens with different filling rate

Fig.15 Bending strength and bending modulus of bending sintered specimens with different filling rate

Fig.16 Stress-strain curves of bending sintered specimens with different filling angle

Fig.17 Bending strength and bending modulus of bending sintered specimens with different filling angle

Fig.18 Bending schematic diagrams of sintered specimens with different filling angles

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