China Mechanical Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1111-1121.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.011
WANG Bingxu1,2(
), GAO Tong1, WAN Min1, JIAO Longfei2, YU Fei1,2, ZHANG Weihong1
Received:2025-10-29
Online:2026-05-25
Published:2026-06-09
Contact:
WANG Bingxu
王冰旭1,2(
), 高彤1, 万敏1, 焦龙飞2, 蔚飞1,2, 张卫红1
通讯作者:
王冰旭
作者简介:王冰旭*(通信作者),男,1990年生,博士研究生、高级工程师。研究方向为机床优化设计及理论。E-mail: wangbingxu@jingdiao.com。
基金资助:CLC Number:
WANG Bingxu, GAO Tong, WAN Min, JIAO Longfei, YU Fei, ZHANG Weihong. Analysis for Influences of Joints on Dynamic Characteristics of Precision Machine Tools[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(5): 1111-1121.
王冰旭, 高彤, 万敏, 焦龙飞, 蔚飞, 张卫红. 结合部对精密机床动态特性影响的分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(5): 1111-1121.
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URL: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.011
| 阶数 | 实验值/Hz | 仿真值/Hz | 误差/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1167.23 | 1117.81 | |
| 2 | 1832.35 | 1843.64 | 0.61 |
| 3 | 2358.76 | 2306.76 | |
| 4 | 2680.56 | 2740.38 | 1.10 |
Tab.1 Simulation and experimental comparison of the first four-order natural frequencies of the guide rail slider joint interfaces
| 阶数 | 实验值/Hz | 仿真值/Hz | 误差/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1167.23 | 1117.81 | |
| 2 | 1832.35 | 1843.64 | 0.61 |
| 3 | 2358.76 | 2306.76 | |
| 4 | 2680.56 | 2740.38 | 1.10 |
| 结合部名称 | 弹性模量 E/GPa | 泊松比υ | 密度ρ/ (kg·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 床身/横梁导轨-滑块结合部 | 4.55 | 0.27 | 7328 |
| 机头导轨-滑块结合部 | 3.82 | 0.21 | 5567 |
| 床身/横梁丝杠-螺母结合部 | 1.32 | 0.32 | 5167 |
| 机头丝杠-螺母结合部 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 6582 |
| 丝杠前端滚动轴承结合部 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 3793 |
| 丝杠后端滚动轴承结合部 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 5725 |
Tab.2 Optimal solution of virtual material parameters for machine tool movable joint interfaces
| 结合部名称 | 弹性模量 E/GPa | 泊松比υ | 密度ρ/ (kg·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 床身/横梁导轨-滑块结合部 | 4.55 | 0.27 | 7328 |
| 机头导轨-滑块结合部 | 3.82 | 0.21 | 5567 |
| 床身/横梁丝杠-螺母结合部 | 1.32 | 0.32 | 5167 |
| 机头丝杠-螺母结合部 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 6582 |
| 丝杠前端滚动轴承结合部 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 3793 |
| 丝杠后端滚动轴承结合部 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 5725 |
| 地脚 | KX /(N·m | KY /(N·m | KZ /(N·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 床身前端(2个) | 1.17×107 | 1.28×107 | 2.28×108 |
| 立柱下侧(2个) | 2.34×107 | 1.78×107 | 3.18×108 |
| 床身后侧(2个) | 1.96×107 | 1.91×107 | 3.18×108 |
Tab.3 Stiffness of machine tool foundation foot joints
| 地脚 | KX /(N·m | KY /(N·m | KZ /(N·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 床身前端(2个) | 1.17×107 | 1.28×107 | 2.28×108 |
| 立柱下侧(2个) | 2.34×107 | 1.78×107 | 3.18×108 |
| 床身后侧(2个) | 1.96×107 | 1.91×107 | 3.18×108 |
| 结合部名称 | 弹性模量 E/GPa | 泊松比υ | 密度ρ/ (kg·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 横梁-立柱螺钉结合部 | 5.86 | 0.18 | 7280 |
| 床身-立柱螺钉结合部 | 6.23 | 0.26 | 7280 |
| 工作台-台面底板螺钉结合部 | 5.62 | 0.28 | 7280 |
| 夹紧套与滑鞍螺钉结合部 | 7.65 | 0.19 | 7280 |
Tab.4 Optimal solution for virtual material parameters of screw joint interfaces
| 结合部名称 | 弹性模量 E/GPa | 泊松比υ | 密度ρ/ (kg·m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 横梁-立柱螺钉结合部 | 5.86 | 0.18 | 7280 |
| 床身-立柱螺钉结合部 | 6.23 | 0.26 | 7280 |
| 工作台-台面底板螺钉结合部 | 5.62 | 0.28 | 7280 |
| 夹紧套与滑鞍螺钉结合部 | 7.65 | 0.19 | 7280 |
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Tab.5 Simulation and experimental comparison of the first six-order modal shapes of the machine tool
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 仿真频率/Hz | 实验频率/Hz | 误差/% | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 26.93 | 2.16 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 31.58 | 2.26 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 61.52 | 2.65 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 69.55 | 机头、横梁沿Y向 前后摆动 | |
| 5 | 73.42 | 76.43 | 机头、横梁沿X向 左右摆动 | |
| 6 | 135.85 | 139.42 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
Tab.6 First six-order modal frequencies and modal shapes of the machine tool
模态 阶数 | 仿真频率/Hz | 实验频率/Hz | 误差/% | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 26.93 | 2.16 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 31.58 | 2.26 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 61.52 | 2.65 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 69.55 | 机头、横梁沿Y向 前后摆动 | |
| 5 | 73.42 | 76.43 | 机头、横梁沿X向 左右摆动 | |
| 6 | 135.85 | 139.42 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Tab.7 Influence of movable joint interfaces on the first six-order modal shapes of machine tools
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑可动 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 考虑可动结合部/Hz | 不考虑可动结合部/Hz | 误差/ % | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 27.96 | 1.54 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 32.63 | 0.98 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 63.53 | 0.54 | 整机绕Z方向 扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 70.65 | 1.97 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 84.20 | 12.80 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 148.06 | 8.28 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
Tab.8 Influence of movable joints on the first 6-order modal frequencies and vibration modes of machine tools
模态 阶数 | 考虑可动结合部/Hz | 不考虑可动结合部/Hz | 误差/ % | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 27.96 | 1.54 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 32.63 | 0.98 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 63.53 | 0.54 | 整机绕Z方向 扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 70.65 | 1.97 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 84.20 | 12.80 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 148.06 | 8.28 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
模态 阶数 | 不考虑导轨滑块 结合部/Hz | 不考虑丝杠螺母 结合部/Hz | 不考虑滚动轴承 结合部/Hz |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.64 | 27.68 | 27.62 |
| 2 | 32.60 | 31.61 | 31.58 |
| 3 | 63.48 | 63.42 | 63.50 |
| 4 | 70.49 | 69.70 | 69.59 |
| 5 | 79.71 | 80.32 | 76.82 |
| 6 | 144.88 | 136.82 | 135.96 |
Tab.9 Influence on the natural frequency of machine tools without considering single movable joints
模态 阶数 | 不考虑导轨滑块 结合部/Hz | 不考虑丝杠螺母 结合部/Hz | 不考虑滚动轴承 结合部/Hz |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.64 | 27.68 | 27.62 |
| 2 | 32.60 | 31.61 | 31.58 |
| 3 | 63.48 | 63.42 | 63.50 |
| 4 | 70.49 | 69.70 | 69.59 |
| 5 | 79.71 | 80.32 | 76.82 |
| 6 | 144.88 | 136.82 | 135.96 |
| 可动 | 导轨滑块 结合部 | 丝杠螺母结合部 | 滚动轴承结合部 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 频率差值之和/Hz | 16.55 | 8.31 | 3.84 |
| 占比/% | 57.67 | 28.95 | 13.38 |
Tab.10 Influence of each movable joint on the modal frequency
| 可动 | 导轨滑块 结合部 | 丝杠螺母结合部 | 滚动轴承结合部 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 频率差值之和/Hz | 16.55 | 8.31 | 3.84 |
| 占比/% | 57.67 | 28.95 | 13.38 |
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Tab.11 Influence of screw joints on the modal vibration modes of machine tools
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑螺钉 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 考虑螺钉结合部/Hz | 不考虑螺钉结合部/Hz | 误差/% | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 29.37 | 6.26 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 33.95 | 4.83 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 65.78 | 3.94 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 72.21 | 4.09 | 机头横梁沿Y向 前后摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 75.63 | 2.92 | 机头横梁沿X向 左右摆动 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 139.71 | 2.76 | 机头沿X向左右 摆动 |
Tab.12 Influence of screw joints on the first 6-order modal frequencies and vibration modes of machine tools
模态 阶数 | 考虑螺钉结合部/Hz | 不考虑螺钉结合部/Hz | 误差/% | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 29.37 | 6.26 | 整机的前后平动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 33.95 | 4.83 | 整机的左右平动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 65.78 | 3.94 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 72.21 | 4.09 | 机头横梁沿Y向 前后摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 75.63 | 2.92 | 机头横梁沿X向 左右摆动 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 139.71 | 2.76 | 机头沿X向左右 摆动 |
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Tab.13 Influence of foundation joints on the modal vibration modes of machine tools
| 模态阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
不考虑地脚 结合部 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 模态阶数 | 考虑地脚 结合部/Hz | 振型分析 | 不考虑地脚 结合部/Hz | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 整机的前后 平动 | 71.15 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 整机的左右 平动 | 83.26 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 | 143.99 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 | 150.59 | 床身移动部件前后平动,机头移动部件上下摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 | 180.26 | 工作台面绕Z轴旋转 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 机头沿X向 左右摆动 | 194.23 | 工作台绕Z轴转动,横梁绕Z轴扭转 |
Tab.14 Influence of foundation joints on the first 6-order modal frequencies and vibration modes of machine tools
| 模态阶数 | 考虑地脚 结合部/Hz | 振型分析 | 不考虑地脚 结合部/Hz | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.53 | 整机的前后 平动 | 71.15 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 |
| 2 | 32.31 | 整机的左右 平动 | 83.26 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 |
| 3 | 63.19 | 整机绕Z方向扭转 | 143.99 | 机头沿X向左右摆动 |
| 4 | 69.26 | 机头、横梁沿Y向前后摆动 | 150.59 | 床身移动部件前后平动,机头移动部件上下摆动 |
| 5 | 73.42 | 机头、横梁沿X向左右摆动 | 180.26 | 工作台面绕Z轴旋转 |
| 6 | 135.85 | 机头沿X向 左右摆动 | 194.23 | 工作台绕Z轴转动,横梁绕Z轴扭转 |
| 关键结合部 | 可动结合部 | 螺钉结合部 | 地脚结合部 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 频率差值之和/Hz | 24.38 | 9.02 | 13.80 |
Tab.15 Influence of each key joint interface on modal frequencies
| 关键结合部 | 可动结合部 | 螺钉结合部 | 地脚结合部 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 频率差值之和/Hz | 24.38 | 9.02 | 13.80 |
模态 阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Tab.16 Simulation and experimental comparison of the first six-order modal shapes of a small-sized five-axis machine tool
模态 阶数 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 仿真 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 实验 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
模态 阶数 | 仿真频率/Hz | 实验频率/Hz | 误差/ % | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26.56 | 27.72 | 机床整体沿Y向平动 | |
| 2 | 41.56 | 39.98 | 3.95 | 机床整体绕Z轴扭转 |
| 3 | 73.79 | 77.41 | 机床整体沿X向平动 | |
| 4 | 85.31 | 84.35 | 横梁、机头沿Y向摆动 | |
| 5 | 123.31 | 120.93 | 1.96 | 机头、横梁沿X向摆动 |
| 6 | 152.85 | 155.69 | 机头沿Z向上下摆动 |
Tab.17 First six-order frequencies and modal shapes of a small-sized five-axis machine tool
模态 阶数 | 仿真频率/Hz | 实验频率/Hz | 误差/ % | 振型分析 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26.56 | 27.72 | 机床整体沿Y向平动 | |
| 2 | 41.56 | 39.98 | 3.95 | 机床整体绕Z轴扭转 |
| 3 | 73.79 | 77.41 | 机床整体沿X向平动 | |
| 4 | 85.31 | 84.35 | 横梁、机头沿Y向摆动 | |
| 5 | 123.31 | 120.93 | 1.96 | 机头、横梁沿X向摆动 |
| 6 | 152.85 | 155.69 | 机头沿Z向上下摆动 |
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