Nanosecond Laser Machining of Spiral Grooves of Dry Gas Seal Rotational Ring Surfaces

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.006

China Mechanical Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2207-2214.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.006

Nanosecond Laser Machining of Spiral Grooves of Dry Gas Seal Rotational Ring Surfaces

Wenqian LI¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Zhanqiang LIU¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵(), Jinfu ZHAO¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Bing WANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Yukui CAI¹^,²^,³^,⁴

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering，Shandong University，Jinan，250061
^2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming，Shandong University，Jinan，250061
^3.Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education，Jinan，250061
^4.Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education，Jinan，250061
^5.School of Mechanical，Electrical & Information Engineering，Shandong University，Weihai，Shandong，264209

Received:2024-06-05 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-05
Contact: Zhanqiang LIU

干气密封动环表面的螺旋槽纳秒激光制备

李文倩¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 刘战强¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵(), 赵金富¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 王兵¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 蔡玉奎¹^,²^,³^,⁴

^1.山东大学机械工程学院, 济南, 250061
^2.山东大学金属成形先进装备与技术国家重点实验室, 济南, 250061
^3.高效清洁机械制造教育部重点实验室, 济南, 250061
^4.国家机械工程实验教学示范中心, 济南, 250061
^5.山东大学机电与信息工程学院, 威海, 264209

通讯作者: 刘战强
作者简介:李文倩，女，2002年生，硕士研究生。研究方向为长寿命密封表面的设计与加工。E-mail：sduliwenqian@mail.sdu.edu.cn
刘战强^*（通信作者），男，1969年生，教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为先进加工理论与装备技术，制造科学与刀具技术，结构表面功能化设计与加工，增减材复合加工工艺与装备，加工过程监控与智能制造。 E-mail：melius@sdu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(92360311);国家自然科学基金(52275444);国家自然科学基金(91860207);国家自然科学基金(52205482);山东省重点研发计划(2020CXGC010204);山东省青年自然科学基金(ZR202111150191)

Abstract

Abstract:

An experimental study on the nanosecond laser processing of the spiral groove on the dry gas seal rotational ring surfaces made of GH4169 was carried out. Orthogonal tests and one-factor methods were utilized to reveal the effects of laser power， scanning speed， filling spacing and repetition frequency on the spiral groove depth and bottom roughness Ra， and to determine the appropriate combination of laser processing parameters. The results show that the greatest influence on the depth of the spiral grooves on the surfaces of GH4169 alloy is the laser power， followed by the repetition frequency and the scanning speed， and the greatest influence on the roughness of the groove bottoms is the scanning speed， followed by the repetition frequency and the scanning spacing. With the laser power of 18 W， scanning speed of 40 mm/s， fill spacing of 0.005 mm， and repetition frequency of 50 kHz， the spiral grooves on the machined rotational ring surfaces is able to meet the machining requirements of groove depth of 7 μm， and groove bottom roughness of Ra≤0.8 μm.

Key words: nanosecond laser machining, GH4169 alloy, dry gas seal, surface spiral groove, surface roughness

摘要：

针对GH4169材质的干气密封动环表面开展了纳秒激光加工螺旋槽工艺的试验研究。利用正交试验和单因素法，揭示激光功率、扫描速度、填充间距和重复频率对螺旋槽槽深和槽底粗糙度Ra的影响规律，确定合适的激光加工参数组合。结果表明，对GH4169合金表面螺旋槽深度影响最大的是激光功率，其次为重复频率以及扫描速度，对槽底粗糙度影响最大的是扫描速度，其次为重复频率和填充间距。采用激光功率18 W、扫描速度40 mm/s、填充间距0.005 mm、重复频率50 kHz时，加工后动环表面螺旋槽能够满足槽深7 μm、槽底粗糙度Ra≤0.8 μm的加工需求。

关键词: 纳秒激光加工, GH4169合金, 干气密封, 表面螺旋槽, 表面粗糙度

CLC Number:

TH162

Wenqian LI, Zhanqiang LIU, Jinfu ZHAO, Bing WANG, Yukui CAI. Nanosecond Laser Machining of Spiral Grooves of Dry Gas Seal Rotational Ring Surfaces[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(10): 2207-2214.

李文倩, 刘战强, 赵金富, 王兵, 蔡玉奎. 干气密封动环表面的螺旋槽纳秒激光制备[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(10): 2207-2214.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 YLP-MP20 nanosecond laser equipment and principle of operation

Fig.2 GH4169 matrix organization

Tab.1 GH4169 specimen material properties

参数

值

化学成分

（质量分数）/%

Ni：52.03；Cr：18.53；Nb：5.33；Mo：3.09；Ti：0.96；Al：0.58；C：0.03；Co：0.01

密度

ρ / (g · c m - 3)

8.19

硬度

432HBW

Tab.1 GH4169 specimen material properties

参数

值

化学成分

（质量分数）/%

Ni：52.03；Cr：18.53；Nb：5.33；Mo：3.09；Ti：0.96；Al：0.58；C：0.03；Co：0.01

密度

ρ / (g · c m - 3)

8.19

硬度

432HBW

Fig.3 Dynamic pressure groove structure and measurement position

Fig.4 Laser processing scanning method

Tab.2 Orthogonal test parameters and measurement results

组号	激光功率 P/W	扫描速度 v/（mm·s^-1）	重复频率 f/kHz	填充间距 s/mm	槽深 h_g/μm	槽底粗糙度 Ra/μm
1	15	30	50	0.005	5.720	0.915
2	15	40	60	0.01	3.500	0.795
3	15	50	70	0.013	2.430	0.911
4	18	30	60	0.013	6.334	0.791
5	18	40	70	0.005	6.419	0.796
6	18	50	50	0.01	6.426	0.912
7	21	30	70	0.01	10.454	0.740
8	21	40	50	0.013	13.684	1.029
9	21	50	60	0.005	7.413	0.928

Fig.5 Comparison of the surface morphology and contour of the bottom of the dynamic compression groove

Tab.3 Mean and extreme variance analysis of slot depths

参数	激光功率的重要程度	扫描速度的重要程度	重复频率的重要程度	填充间距的重要程度
$T 1$	11.650	22.508	25.830	19.552
$T 2$	19.179	23.603	17.247	20.380
$T 3$	31.551	16.269	19.303	22.448
$T 1 ¯$	3.880	7.503	8.610	6.517
$T 2 ¯$	6.393	7.868	5.749	6.793
$T 3 ¯$	10.517	5.423	6.434	7.483
R	6.637	2.445	2.861	0.966

Tab.3 Mean and extreme variance analysis of slot depths

参数	激光功率的重要程度	扫描速度的重要程度	重复频率的重要程度	填充间距的重要程度
$T 1$	11.650	22.508	25.830	19.552
$T 2$	19.179	23.603	17.247	20.380
$T 3$	31.551	16.269	19.303	22.448
$T 1 ¯$	3.880	7.503	8.610	6.517
$T 2 ¯$	6.393	7.868	5.749	6.793
$T 3 ¯$	10.517	5.423	6.434	7.483
R	6.637	2.445	2.861	0.966

Tab.4 Mean and extreme variance analysis of roughness of groove bottom

参数	激光功率的重要程度	扫描速度的重要程度	重复频率的重要程度	填充间距的重要程度
$T 1$	2.621	2.446	2.856	2.639
$T 2$	2.499	2.331	2.514	2.447
$T 3$	2.697	2.751	2.447	2.731
$T 1 ¯$	0.874	0.815	0.952	0.880
$T 2 ¯$	0.833	0.777	0.838	0.816
$T 3 ¯$	0.899	0.917	0.816	0.910
R	0.066	0.140	0.136	0.094

Tab.4 Mean and extreme variance analysis of roughness of groove bottom

参数	激光功率的重要程度	扫描速度的重要程度	重复频率的重要程度	填充间距的重要程度
$T 1$	2.621	2.446	2.856	2.639
$T 2$	2.499	2.331	2.514	2.447
$T 3$	2.697	2.751	2.447	2.731
$T 1 ¯$	0.874	0.815	0.952	0.880
$T 2 ¯$	0.833	0.777	0.838	0.816
$T 3 ¯$	0.899	0.917	0.816	0.910
R	0.066	0.140	0.136	0.094

Fig.6 Effect of laser power on shallow groove depth and groove bottom surface roughness

Fig.7 Morphology and contour of the groove bottom after processing with different laser powers

Fig.8 Effect of scanning speed on shallow groove depth and groove bottom surface roughness

Fig.9 Morphology and contour of the groove bottom after machining with different scanning speeds

Fig.10 Effect of fill spacing on shallow groove depth and groove bottom surface roughness

Fig.11 Bottom shape and contour of the groove after machining with different filler spacing

Fig.12 Effect of repetition frequency on shallow groove depth and groove bottom surface roughness

Fig.13 Morphology and contour of groove bottom after machining with different repetition frequencies

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Nanosecond Laser Machining of Spiral Grooves of Dry Gas Seal Rotational Ring Surfaces

干气密封动环表面的螺旋槽纳秒激光制备

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Figures/Tables 17

References 22

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