中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2466-2475.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.009

• 低碳制造工艺与能效提升 • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑比能耗、能量利用率和高宽比的激光定向能量沉积工艺参数优化及性能分析

费凡1(), 吴剑钊1,2(), 仲刘洋1, 张超勇2, 刘文辉1, 刘筱1   

  1. 1.集美大学海洋装备与机械工程学院, 厦门, 361021
    2.华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院, 武汉, 430074
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-30 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 吴剑钊
  • 作者简介:费凡,男,2002年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为激光直接能量沉积。E-mail: 202411802008@jmu.edu.cn
    吴剑钊*(通信作者),男,1992年生,副教授。研究方向为激光低碳制造的建模与优化、基于智能算法的制造系统能效优化等。E-mail: wujz@jmu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52505557);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(科技类)重点项目(JZ230028);厦门市自然科学基金(3502Z202473058)

Optimization of Process Parameters and Performance Analysis of Laser Directed Energy Deposition Considering Specific Energy Consumption, Energy Utilization Rate, and Height-to-width Ratio

FEI Fan1(), WU Jianzhao1,2(), ZHONG Liuyang1, ZHANG Chaoyong2, LIU Wenhui1, LIU Xiao1   

  1. 1.College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen,Fujian,361021
    2.School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430074
  • Received:2025-11-30 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-11-10
  • Contact: WU Jianzhao

摘要:

针对激光定向能量沉积制备TC4钛合金,以激光功率、扫描速度和粉末进给速度为主要工艺参数,采用L₁₆(4³)正交试验设计,系统研究了各工艺参数对能量利用率、比能耗及沉积层高宽比的影响规律。通过极差分析与方差分析,明确了各参数对能效与形貌指标的影响显著性,并确定了优化的工艺参数组合(激光功率800 W,扫描速度600 mm/min,粉末进给速度6 g/min)。试验验证表明,相较于正交试验组的平均值,该优化参数下比能耗与高宽比偏差分别改善了21.8%与69.5%,且能量利用率提高了22.4%;微观组织分析显示,沉积层主要由细小的针状α'-Ti马氏体组成,其平均晶粒尺寸小于轧制态基板;力学性能测试表明,沉积态TC4硬度、屈服强度与抗拉强度相较于轧制基板提高25.63%、9.94%和9.60%,但延伸率略有下降,断口呈韧-脆混合断裂特征。

关键词: 增材制造, 激光定向能量沉积, 比能耗, 工艺优化, 力学性能

Abstract:

The preparation of TC4 titanium alloy via LDED was investigated. Taking laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate as the primary process parameters, an L₁₆(4³) orthogonal experimental design was employed to systematically investigate the influence of these process parameters on energy utilization rate, specific energy consumption, and the height-to-width ratio of the deposited layer. Through range analysis and variance analysis, the significance of the influence of each parameter on the energy efficiency and morphology indicators was clarified, and the optimized combination of process parameters was determined (laser power: 800 W, scanning speed: 600 mm/min, powder feed rate: 6 g/min). Experimental verification showed that, compared with the average values of the orthogonal test groups, the specific energy consumption and the deviation of the height-to-width ratio were improved by 21.8% and 69.5%, respectively, under the optimized parameters, while the energy utilization rate increased by 22.4%. Microstructural analysis showed that the deposited layer primarily consists of fine acicular α'-Ti martensite, with an average grain size smaller than that of the rolled substrate. Mechanical property tests indicated that the as-deposited TC4 exhibited increases in hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength of 25.63%, 9.94%, and 9.60%, respectively, compared to the rolled substrate, although the elongation slightly decreased. The fracture surface exhibited ductile-brittle mixed fracture characteristics.

Key words: additive manufacturing, laser directed energy deposition(LDED), specific energy consumption, process optimization, mechanical properties

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