磁流变液环境下密封副非线性磨损行为研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究磁流变液摩擦动力学行为对密封副磨损机理的影响，建立表面粗糙度与铁粉耦合效应下的动态密封磨损模型，利用ANSYS对其进行微观接触力学仿真分析，并通过自制往复式动态密封磨损试验装置测试不同表面粗糙度活塞杆样本在两种介质下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，粗糙纹理与铁粉瞬时接触不仅能够缓解O形圈在微凸体交变剪切作用下表面出现的疲劳裂纹，还有助于削弱铁粉对活塞杆产生的微切割效应，使密封副在磁流变液工况下展现出良好的摩擦学性能；铁粉介于抛光样本与O形圈之间长期承受微观纹理施加的横向剪切力及纵向挤压力，迫使大量铁粉嵌入O形圈内部，并在往复运动的活塞杆表面产生明显的犁沟式磨痕，导致系统因两体磨粒磨损而过早引发密封失效。

关键词: 磁流变液, 表面粗糙度, 磨损特性, 摩擦动力学行为, 磨粒磨损

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of tribodynamics behavior in MRF on the wear mechanism of sealing pairs， the dynamic sealing wear model was established considering coupling effects of surface roughness and iron particles， with ANSYS employed for microscopic contact mechanics simulation. Additionally， the friction and wear performance of piston rods with different surface roughnesses in two media was evaluated by self-developed reciprocating dynamic seal wear test device. The results demonstrate that the instantaneous contact between rough texture and iron particles in sealing interfaces alleviates fatigue cracks on O-ring surfaces under alternating shearing actions of asperities， and help to avoid the micro-cutting effects of iron particles on the surface piston rods. As a result， the sealing pairs exhibit good tribological performance in MRF environment. However， iron particles situated between polished sample and O-ring are continuously subjected to the transverse shear forces and longitudinal extrusion pressures by micro-texture. Consequently， numerous iron particles are forced to embed in the O-rings， and obvious furrow-like wear marks are produced on the surfaces of reciprocating piston rods， causing premature sealing failure due to the two-body abrasive wear.

Key words: magnetorheological fluid（MRF）, surface roughness, wear characteristics, tribodynamics behavior, abrasive wear

中图分类号:

TH117

李姗姗, 孙兴伟, 杨恒, 乔赫廷. 磁流变液环境下密封副非线性磨损行为研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(9): 1968-1979.

Shanshan LI, Xingwei SUN, Heng YANG, Heting QIAO. Research on Nonlinear Wear Behavior of Sealing Pairs in Magnetorheological Fluid Environment[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(9): 1968-1979.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.008

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I9/1968

图/表 19

图1 基体表面微观纹理相对于参考平面的高度分布

Fig.1 The height distribution of microscopic texture on substrate surface relative to the reference plane

图2 动态密封接触及坐标系转换示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of dynamic sealing contact and coordinate system transformation

图3 磁流变液内部悬浮铁粉引起密封磨损示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of sealing wear caused by suspended iron powder in MRF

表1 接触副材料力学性能

Tab.1 Mechanical properties of materials of contact pairs

接触副	弹性模量/MPa	材质	泊松比	屈服应力/MPa	硬度
O形圈	37.98	NBR	0.49	20.76	70 HA
活塞杆	193 000	316L	0.31	200	180 HA
铁粉	210 000	Fe（OH）₃	0.28	175	279 HA

图4 接触压力分布

Fig.4 Contact pressure distribution

图5 密封副磨粒磨损模拟流程图

Fig.5 Flowchart of abrasive wear simulation for sealing pairs

图6 密封界面内有、无铁粉工况下O形圈表面能量损耗分布

Fig.6 Energy consumption distributions of O-ring with and without particles in sealing interface

图7 密封界面内有、无铁粉工况下O形圈表面接触压应力分布

Fig.7 Contact pressure stress distributions of O-ring with and without particles in sealing interface

图8 密封界面内有、无铁粉工况下O形圈表面摩擦剪应力分布

Fig.8 Frictional shearing stress distributions of O-ring with and without particles in sealing interface

图9 不同表面粗糙度下活塞杆表面磨损量随循环次数的变化曲线

Fig.9 Wear loss as a function of cycles number for piston rod with different surface roughness

表2 样本表面粗糙度参数对照表及加工方式

Tab.2 Parameters of surface roughness and machining processes of specimens

样本	T01	T02	T03	T04
制备方式	车削	车削	磨削	磨削
表面粗糙度（μm）	3.2	1.6	0.5	0.18

图10 O形圈应力-应变拟合曲线

Fig.10 O-ring stress-strain fitting curve

表3 磁流变液MRF-J25T技术参数

Tab.3 Technical parameters of MRF-J25T

参数	数值
载液	甲基硅油
铁粉体积分数/%	25
铁粉粒度/μm	1~5
粒度分布	正态分布
表观黏度/（Pa·s）	1.5
密度/（g·cm^-3）	2.65
最大屈服应力/kPa	75

图11 试验装置示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of test setup

图12 活塞杆样本在两种试验介质下的摩擦因数

Fig.12 Friction coefficients of piston rod in two test media

图13 磁流变液工况下活塞杆磨损前后表面粗糙度

Fig.13 Piston rod surface roughness before and after wear under MRF condition

图14 磁流变液工况下活塞杆表面磨损形貌

Fig.14 Piston rod surface wear morphology under MRF conditions

图15 两种试验介质下配副T01、T02对应的O形圈表面磨损形貌及EDS能谱分析

Fig.15 Surface wear morphology and EDS spectrum analysis of O-ring corresponding to T01 and T02 in two test media

图16 磁流变液工况下配副T03、T04对应的O形圈表面磨损形貌及EDS能谱分析

Fig.16 Surface wear morphology and EDS spectrum analysis of O-ring corresponding to T03 and T04 under MRF condition

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