基于河冰细观结构的超声辅助切削仿真分析及验证实验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以松花江河冰为研究对象，从河冰细观结构研究入手，结合超声辅助切削验证实验，对超声辅助切割冰块的效果以及提高生产效率的可行性进行分析。仿真结果表明，对于晶体复杂的天然河冰，超声辅助切削能减小约38%的切削力。验证实验表明，超声辅助切削在提高进给速度的同时能保证冰体切削质量，不易发生崩边和裂纹，相较于传统切削，对河冰生产质量和效率的提高效果显著，超声辅助切削用于大规模制备标准冰块是可行的。

关键词: 超声辅助切削, 松花江河冰, 细观结构, 切削优化

Abstract:

Taking the Songhua River ices as the research objects， starting with the study of the mesostructure of river ices and combined with ultrasonic assisted cutting validation experiments， the effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted ice cutting and the feasibility of improving production efficiency were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that ultrasonic assisted cutting may reduce the cutting force by approximately 38% when applied to the complex crystalline structure of natural river ices. Validation experiments demonstrates that this method enhances the feed rate and maintains the cutting quality of the ices， effectively preventing edge collapse and crack formation. In comparison to traditional cutting techniques， there is a significant improvement in both production quality and efficiency for river ices， thereby confirming the feasibility of employing ultrasonic assisted cutting for large-scale preparation of standard ice blocks.

Key words: ultrasonic assisted cutting, Songhua River ice, mesostructure, cutting optimization

中图分类号:

TB559

董国军, 赖睿达, 代勇, 郭志清, 吴孟为. 基于河冰细观结构的超声辅助切削仿真分析及验证实验[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(10): 2405-2412.

Guojun DONG, Ruida LAI, Yong DAI, Zhiqing GUO, Mengwei WU. Ultrasonic Assisted Cutting Simulation and Validation Experimental Research Based on River Ice Mesostructure[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(10): 2405-2412.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.030

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I10/2405

图/表 18

图1 松花江河冰开采

Fig.1 Ice mining in Songhua River

图2 河冰切割分层

Fig.2 River ice cutting and layering

图3 河冰观测切片制作

Fig.3 Making river ice observation slices

图4 河冰细观结构观测设备

Fig.4 Observation equipment for river ice microstructure

图5 河冰细观结构观测结果

Fig.5 Observation results of microscopic structure of river ice

图6 河冰水平切片晶体结构

Fig.6 Crystal structure of river ice horizontal slices

图7 河冰竖直切片晶体结构

Fig.7 Vertical slicing crystal structure of river ice

图8 河冰切削运动分解

Fig.8 Decomposition of river ice cutting motion

图9 锯齿各参数及建模

Fig.9 Sawtooth parameters and modeling diagram

图10 河冰单锯齿切削仿真设置

Fig.10 Simulation settings for single sawtooth cutting of river ice

表1 仿真参数设置总表

Tab.1 Summary table of simulation parameter settings

项目名称	材料属性	数值
冰材料	密度	930 kg/m³
	弹性模量	1 GPa
	泊松比	0.3
	压缩强度	2 MPa
	塑性应力	2.1 MPa
	塑性应变	0.15
	失效应变	0.12
粘聚单元	密度	930 kg/m³
	弹性模量	1 GPa
	法向应力	1.04 MPa
	断裂能	52 J
单锯齿	密度	8100 kg/m³
	弹性模量	225 GPa
	泊松比	0.33
	前角	10°
	后角	30°
	偏齿量	0.3 mm
	偏齿角	5°

图11 河冰有无超声辅助切削力对比

Fig.11 Comparison of ultrasonic assisted cutting force in river ice

图12 有无超声河冰平均切削力对比

Fig.12 Comparison of average cutting force of river ice with and without ultrasound

图13 验证实验平台

Fig.13 Verification experimental platform

表2 验证实验参数

Tab.2 Verification experimental parameters

工艺参数	数值
锯条转速/（r·min^-1）	1450
进给速度/（mm·s^-1）	20，30，40，50，60
超声频率/kHz	20
超声振幅/mm	0.01

图14 无超声辅助切削河冰质量

Fig.14 Assisted cutting of river ice quality without ultrasound

图15 超声辅助切削河冰质量

Fig.15 Ultrasonic assisted cutting of river ice quality

图16 切削表面质量对比

Fig.16 Surface quality for river ice cutting

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