单颗金刚石磨粒微纳刻划CFRP界面行为研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用单颗金刚石磨粒对单向碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）进行微纳刻划试验，以揭示CFRP材料去除机理及界面力学行为，系统研究了刻划方向与速度对摩擦特性及损伤演化的影响。研究结果表明，CFRP表现出显著各向异性，法向摩擦因数约为轴向的3倍，刻划深度与裂纹宽度均遵循法向、轴向、径向依次递增的规律，径向刻划深度约为法向的1.6倍；材料去除以脆性断裂为主，未出现明显脆塑转变。基于能量分析建立了考虑纤维弯曲与界面脱黏的力学模型，揭示了切削载荷与界面损伤的耦合关系。理论预测与实验结果吻合良好，为理解CFRP的微观去除机理及其精密加工性能提供了理论参考。

关键词: 碳纤维增强复合材料, 微纳刻划, 摩擦因数, 界面, 材料去除机理

Abstract:

Micro-nano scratching experiments were conducted on unidirectional CFRP using a single diamond abrasive grain to investigate the material removal mechanism and interfacial mechanical behavior. The effects of scratching direction and velocity on the frictional characteristics and damage evolution were systematically studied. The results show that CFRP exhibits pronounced anisotropy. The normal friction coefficient is approximately three times that in the axial direction， and both the scratching depth and crack width follow the order of normal<axial<radial， with the radial scratching depth being about 1.6 times that in the normal direction. Material removal is dominated by brittle fracture without an evident brittle-to-ductile transition. A mechanical model considering fiber bending and interfacial debonding was established based on energy analysis， which reveals the coupling relationship between cutting load and interfacial damage. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results， providing a theoretical framework for understanding the microscopic material removal mechanism and precision machinability of CFRP.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP）, micro-nano scratching, friction coefficient, interface, material removal mechanism

中图分类号:

TB332

张立峰, 黄子轩, 张旺通, 孔德创, 王勇. 单颗金刚石磨粒微纳刻划CFRP界面行为研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(10): 2438-2445.

ZHANG Lifeng, HUANG Zixuan, ZHANG Wangtong, KONG Dechuang, WANG Yong. Study on Interfacial Behavior of CFRP under Micro-nano Scratching by Single Diamond Abrasive Grain[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(10): 2438-2445.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.006

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I10/2438

图/表 12

表1 碳纤维与基体的力学性能

Tab.1 Mechanical properties of carbon fibers and their matrix

参数	T700	树脂
纤维直径/μm	7
抗拉强度/GPa	4.9	85
断裂韧性/（MPa·m^1/2）	2.50	1.74
轴向泊松比	0.25	0.12
横向弹性模量/GPa	18	10
轴向弹性模量/GPa	230.0	3.5
轴向剪切模量/GPa	27	5
横向剪切模量/GPa	7.0	1.5

图1 单颗磨粒加工过程中未变形切屑

Fig.1 Undeformed chips in single-grain machining

图2 纳米刻划测试原理

Fig.2 The principle of nano-scratch testing

表2 刻划试验参数

Tab.2 The parameters of the scratch test

类型	参数
压入仪器	Nano Indenter G200
加载方式	刻划
刻划长度	700 μm
最大载荷	200 mN
压头种类	立方角金刚石压头
刻划方向	轴向、径向、法向
刻划速度	v=1，10，50 μm/s

图3 三个典型方向的刻划示意图

Fig.3 Grinding schematic diagram in the three typical directions

图4 法向刻划过程中纤维的变形

Fig.4 The deformation of fibers during the normal scratching process

图5 单向CFRP三个典型方向的摩擦因数

Fig.5 The friction coefficients in three typical directions

图6 轴向刻划试验结果（v=10 μm/s）

Fig.6 Axial scratch test results （v=10 μm/s）

图7 法向刻划试验结果（v=10 μm/s）

Fig.7 Normal scratch test results （v=10 μm/s）

图8 径向刻划试验结果（v=10 μm/s）

Fig.8 Transverse scratch test results （v=10 μm/s）

图9 刻划时最大裂纹宽度

Fig.9 The maximum crack width of the scratch

图10 刻划速度对最大刻划深度的影响

Fig.10 Effect of scratching speed on maximum scratch depth

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