中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1281-1295.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.002

• 金属增材制造工艺及性能 • 上一篇    

连续/脉冲激光定向能量沉积过程中热流输运及凝固行为的数值研究

陈正钢(), 吴家柱(), 王贵, 胡敏, 肖杰   

  1. 贵州大学机械工程学院, 贵阳, 550025
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-14 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 吴家柱
  • 作者简介:陈正钢,男,1996年生。硕士研究生。研究方向为激光增材制造。E-mail:chenzg_1120@163.com
    吴家柱*(通信作者),男,1983年生,副教授、硕士研究生导师。研究方向为激光增材制造、数字化设计与智能制造和数字孪生。发表论文20余篇。E-mail: wujz_pillar@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52365041);贵州省基础研究项目(QKHJC-ZK[2023]-017)

Numerical Investigation on Thermofluidic Transports and Solidification Behaviors in Continuous/Pulsed Laser Directed Energy Deposition

CHEN Zhenggang(), WU Jiazhu(), WANG Gui, HU Min, XIAO Jie   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025
  • Received:2025-06-14 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-17
  • Contact: WU Jiazhu

摘要:

建立了激光定向能量沉积(L-DED)的三维热-流-凝固结合数值模型,通过实验和数值模拟方法研究了连续波(CW)与脉冲波(PW)激光沉积过程中的热流输运及动态凝固行为。结果表明:CW模式下熔池行为稳定,而PW模式下则发生周期性振荡的熔池行为,并诱发熔道发生重熔现象。在表面活性氧和硫的影响下,CW和PW模式下的熔池均形成向内的Marangoni流动。CW模式下的熔池仅经历约束凝固过程,具有相对稳定的凝固行为,其高的温度梯度(G)和低的凝固速率(S)导致晶粒最为粗大,其平均等轴晶等效直径分别为PW-25和PW-50模式的2.6倍和2倍。相比之下,PW模式的熔池交替经历约束凝固和自由凝固过程,以自由凝固为主,呈现出动态变化的凝固行为。在自由凝固阶段,低的温度梯度和高的凝固速率促进了晶粒细化。此外,高频PW模式抑制了约束凝固区和柱状晶向等轴晶转变,并在离散带处形成跨带柱状晶;而低频PW模式则扩大了以粗晶为主的约束凝固区。

关键词: 连续/脉冲激光, 定向能量沉积, 数值模拟, 热流输运, 凝固行为

Abstract:

A three-dimensional thermal-fluid-solidification integrated numerical model was established for laser-directed energy deposition(L-DED). The thermofluidic transports and dynamic solidification behaviors were investigated during continuous wave(CW) and pulsed wave(PW) laser deposition through experimental and numerical methods. The results indicate that the melt pool exhibits stable behavior under CW mode, while PW mode induces periodic oscillation of the melt pool and triggers track remelting. Under the influences of surface-active oxygen and sulfur, both modes exhibit inward Marangoni flow. In CW mode, the melt pool undergoes only constrained solidification, exhibiting relatively stable solidification behaviors; the high temperature gradient(G) and low solidification rate(S) result in the coarsest grains, with average equiaxed grain equivalent diameters 2.6 times and 2 times larger than those in PW-25 and PW-50 modes, respectively. Conversely, the PW-mode melt pool alternately undergoes constrained solidification and free solidification(predominantly free solidification), demonstrating dynamically evolving solidification behaviors. During free solidification stages, low G and high S promote grain refinement. Additionally, high-frequency PW mode inhibits the constrained solidification zones and columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET), forming cross-band epitaxial grains across discrete bands; while low-frequency PW mode enlarges the constrained solidification zones dominated by coarse grains.

Key words: continuous/pulsed laser, directed energy deposition, numerical simulation, thermofluidic transport, solidification behavior

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