中国机械工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 2710-2719.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.029

• 智能制造 • 上一篇    

基于6D光笔的工业机器人高精度示教方法

梁继煌(), 汪炜锋, 吴海彬()   

  1. 福州大学机械工程及自动化学院, 福州, 350108
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-06 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 吴海彬
  • 作者简介:梁继煌,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为机器视觉、机器人控制技术。E-mail:525185614@qq.com
    吴海彬*(通信作者),男,1973年生,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为机器人控制技术、人机共融技术。E-mail: wuhb@fzu.edu.cn
    第一联系人:杨权印,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为机器人加工技术。E-mail: 15670882921@163.com。徐金亭*(通信作者),男,1980年生,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为复杂曲面高性能数控加工理论与方法、机器人加工技术及装备。E-mail: xujt@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1308603);福建省科技重大专项(2024HZ026020)

High-precision Industrial Robot Teaching Method Based on 6D Light Pens

Jihuang LIANG(), Weifeng WANG, Haibin WU()   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,350108
  • Received:2024-10-06 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-09
  • Contact: Haibin WU

摘要:

针对目前工业机器人视觉示教方法存在精度较低、对光照敏感和示教范围易受限等问题,提出一种基于6D光笔的工业机器人高精度示教方法。光笔设有三个红外发光标记球,通过固定于机器人末端的红外双目相机捕捉光笔标记球即可获得其3D位置坐标和3D姿态信息。采取了两种措施提高6D光笔的视觉示教精度,一是提出一种基于红外发光标记球的手眼标定方法,有效提高了相机坐标系到机器人工具坐标系的转换精度;二是提出了一种相机视野自适应跟踪方法,使机器人能够通过固定在末端的相机自动跟踪光笔的位置,从而保证光笔标记球始终处于相机视野中心区域,有效提高了示教精度。最后将捕捉到的示教轨迹转换到机器人基坐标系下实现轨迹的编程跟踪。实验结果表明,利用该光笔得到的单点最大误差为0.63 mm,姿态最大误差为2.1432°,示教轨迹最大误差为0.73 mm,所提出的示教方法能够实现机器人高精度、高效率示教。

关键词: 机器人示教, 6D光笔, 红外双目相机, 手眼标定

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of poor precision, sensitivity to light and restricted teaching range in current industrial robot vision teaching methods, a high-precision industrial robot teaching method was proposed based on a 6D light pen. The light pen was equipped with three infrared-emitting marker balls, and infrared binocular camera mounted on the robot's end-effector captured the marker balls to obtain their 3D position coordinates and 3D pose information. Two measures were implemented to enhance the vision teaching precision of the 6D light pens. Firstly, a hand-eye calibration method was proposed based on infrared light-emitting marker balls, which significantly improved the transformation precision from the camera coordinate system to the robot tool coordinate system. Secondly, an adaptive camera tracking method was proposed, allowing the robot to automatically track the position of the light pen through the camera mounted on the end-effector, ensuring that the marker balls remain centered in the camera's field of view, thus effectively improving the teaching precision. Finally, the captured teaching trajectory was transformed into the robot base coordinate system to achieve trajectory programming and tracking. Experimental results show that the maximum single-point error of the light pens is as 0.63 mm, the maximum pose error is as 2.1432°, and the maximum trajectory error is as 0.73 mm. The proposed teaching method may achieve high-precision and high-efficiency teaching for robots.

Key words: robot teaching, 6D light pen, infrared binocular camera, hand-eye calibration

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