Abstract: To meet the requirements of miniaturization, lightweight and precision of space optical instruments, an aperture driven by single-phase piezoelectric motor was designed. The whole structure of the apertures was designed to realize the integration of structure and function. Then, piezoelectric stators with high strength and power density were designed by using piezoelectric ceramics and carbon fiber composite materials. The dynamics characteristics of laminated piezoelectric stators were analyzed by COMSOL finite element software, and the modal frequency consistency was adjusted. The structure optimization and interference mode separation design of the moving rings of diaphragm were also completed. According to the design scheme, the prototype of piezoelectric apertures was manufactured. The mass is only 49 g, aperture range is in 0.5~35 mm.The experimental results show that the full opening and closing time of the apertures are as 89 ms and 92.4 ms respectively,and the minimum angular resolution is as 4×10-5 rad. This study simplifies the composition and control of the diaphragm, making it more compact in structures and smaller in weight while ensuring accuracy. 

Key words: aperture, piezoelectric motor, single-phase drive, lightweight

摘要： 为满足空间光学仪器小型化、轻量化、精密化需求，设计了一种单相压电电机驱动的孔径光阑。对压电光阑的整体结构进行设计，实现光阑结构与功能的一体化设计；以压电陶瓷和碳纤维为基体设计具有高强度和功率密度的压电定子；通过COMSOL有限元软件对复合压电定子动力学特性进行分析，以及进行模态频率一致性调节;最后对光阑动圈进行结构优化以及干扰模态分离设计。根据设计方案制作压电光阑样机，其质量仅为49 g，孔径可变范围为0.5~35 mm。实验结果显示：光阑完全放大与闭合时间分别为89 ms和92.4 ms，最小角分辨率为4×10-5 rad。该研究简化了光阑的组成和控制，使其在保证精度的同时，结构更紧凑，质量更小。

关键词: 孔径光阑, 压电电机, 单相驱动, 轻量化