Effects of Pantograph Subsidence on Its Aerodynamic and Acoustic Behaviors

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2022.20.015

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the effects of pantograph subsidence on its aerodynamic and acoustic behaviors, a high-speed pantograph calculation model was established considering installation platform. Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics and acoustic analogy, the aerodynamic and acoustic behaviors of the pantograph were numerically simulated. The subsidence heights of the pantograph were as 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mm respectively. The rationality of the numerical calculation method was verified by wind tunnel tests. The results show that with the increasing of the subsidence height of the pantograph installation platform, the positive pressures on the windward surface of the insulator and the base decrease, and the aerodynamic resistance of the pantograph decreases. The aerodynamic resistance of the installation platform increases first and then decreases. By optimizing the transition angles of the cavity, the aerodynamic resistance of the installation platform may be significantly reduced. When the subsidence height of the installation platform is as 300 mm and the inclination of the cavity is as 30°, the aerodynamic resistance of the pantograph in the knuckle-downstream direction/knuckle-upstream direction is reduced by 2.0% and 1.8% respectively. At the same time, the resistance of the whole train is reduced by 1.4% and 1.1% respectively. The pantograph aerodynamic noise has obvious dominant frequency characteristics, the main frequency is about 330 Hz, and the energy is mainly concentrated in the range of 400~2500 Hz. Due to the subsidence of the installation platform, the velocity of the fluid around the insulator and the base is reduced, and the surface acoustic power of the insulator and the base is significantly reduced. When the subsidence height of the installation platform is as 300 mm, the maximum sound pressure level of the far-field aerodynamic noise of the pantograph is reduced by 2.02 dBA, and the average sound pressure level is reduced by 1.31 dBA. The subsidence of the pantograph may improve the aerodynamic and acoustic performance.

Key words: , high-speed pantograph, subsidence height, numerical simulation, aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic noise

摘要： 为研究受电弓下沉对其气动行为和声学行为的影响，建立了考虑安装平台的高速受电弓计算模型，基于计算流体力学和声学类比理论，对受电弓的气动和声学行为展开数值模拟。受电弓下沉高度分别设为100、200、300、400和500 mm，通过风洞试验验证了数值计算方法的合理性。仿真结果表明：随着受电弓安装平台下沉高度的增大，绝缘子和底架迎风面正压减小，受电弓气动阻力减小；安装平台气动阻力先增大后减小，通过优化腔体过渡倾角可显著减小安装平台所产生的气动阻力；当安装平台下沉高度为300 mm、腔体倾角为30°时，受电弓开口、闭口运行时其气动阻力分别减小2.0%、1.8%，整车阻力分别减小1.4%和1.1%；受电弓气动噪声具有明显的主频特性，主要频率约为330 Hz，能量主要集中在400~2500 Hz范围内；安装平台下沉后，绝缘子和底架周围流体流速减小，绝缘子和底座的表面声功率显著降低；安装平台下沉300 mm时，受电弓远场气动噪声最大声压级减小2.02 dBA，平均声压级减小1.31 dBA；受电弓下沉可改善其气动和声学性能。

关键词: 高速受电弓, 下沉高度, 数值模拟, 气动阻力, 气动噪声

CLC Number:

U264.34

QIN Deng, DAI Zhiyuan, ZHOU Ning, LI Tian. Effects of Pantograph Subsidence on Its Aerodynamic and Acoustic Behaviors[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(20): 2509-2519.

秦登, 戴志远, 周宁, 李田. 受电弓下沉对其气动和声学行为的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(20): 2509-2519.

References

［1］TALOTTE C. Aerodynamic Noise:a Critical Survey［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000, 231(3):549-562.
［2］ZHANG J, XIAO X B, SHENG X Z, et al. Characteristics of Interior Noise of a Chinese High-speed Train under a Variety of Conditions ［J］.Journal of Turbulence, 2017, 18(8):617-630.
［3］THOMPSON D J, LATORRE IGLESIAS E, LIU X W, et al. Recent Developments in the Prediction and Control of Aerodynamic Noise from High-speed Trains［J］. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2015, 3(3):119-150.
［4］RAGHUNATHAN R S, KIM H D, SETOGUCHI T. Aerodynamics of High-speed Railway Train［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2002, 38(6):469-514.
［5］NAGAKURA K. Localization of Aerodynamic Noise Sources of Shinkansen Trains［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006, 293(3/5):547-556.
［6］SUN Z X, GUO D L, YAO S B, et al. Identification and Suppression of Noise Sources around High Speed Trains［J］. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2013, 7(1):131-143.
［7］ZHU C L, HEMIDA H, FLYNN D, et al. Numerical Simulation of the Slipstream and Aeroacoustic Field around a High-speed Train［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F：Journal of Rail & Rapid Transit, 2017, 231(6):740-756.
［8］张军, 朱程. 高速列车气动噪声源远场噪声贡献度研究［J］. 中国铁道科学, 2019, 40(2):115-121.
ZHANG Jun, ZHU Cheng. Far Field Noise Contribution Radiated from Aerodynamic Noise Source of High-speed Train ［J］. China Railway Science, 2019, 40(2):115-121.
［9］刘加利, 张继业, 张卫华. 高速列车车头的气动噪声数值分析［J］. 铁道学报, 2011, 33(9):19-26.
LIU Jiali, ZHANG Jiye, ZHANG Weihua. Numerical Analysis on Aerodynamic Noise of the High-speed Train Head［J］. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2011, 33(9):19-26.
［10］YU M G, ZHANG J Y, ZHANG W H. Multi-objective Optimization Design Method of the High-speed Train Head［J］. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A（Applied Physics & Engineering）, 2013, 14(9):631-641.
［11］黄沙, 杨明智, 李志伟, 等. 高速列车转向架部位气动噪声数值模拟及降噪研究［J］. 中南大学学报（自然科学版）, 2011, 42(12):3899-3904.
HUANG Sha, YANG Mingzhi, LI Zhiwei, et al. Aerodynamic Noise Numerical Simulation and Noise Reduction of High-speed Train Bogie Section［J］. Journal of Central South University, 2011, 42(12):3899-3904.
［12］WU J M. Research on Numerical Simulation and Noise Reduction of Aerodynamic Noise in Connection Section of the High-speed Train［J］. Journal of Vibroengineering, 2016, 18(8):5553-5571.
［13］CARNEVALE M, FACCHINETTI A, MAGGIORI L, et al. Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Means of Assessing the Influence of Aerodynamic Forces on the Mean Contact Force Acting on a Pantograph［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F:Journal of Rail & Rapid Transit, 2015, 230(7):733-738.
［14］TAN X M, YANG Z G, TAN X M, et al. Vortex Structures and Aeroacoustic Performance of the Flow Field of the Pantograph［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2018, 432:17-32.
［15］IKEDA M, SUZUKI M, YOSHIDA K. Study on Optimization of Panhead Shape Possessing Low Noise and Stable Aerodynamic Characteristics［J］. Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2006, 47(2):72-77.
［16］LEE Y, RHO J, KIM K H, et al. Experimental Studies on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Pantograph Suitable for a High-speed Train［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F:Journal of Rail & Rapid Transit, 2015, 229(2):136-149.
［17］ZHANG L, ZHANG J Y, LI T. Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of the Pantograph Fairing of a High-speed Train［C］∥First International Conference on Rail Transportation. Chengdu, 2017:977-987.
［18］张亚东,张继业.受电弓安放位置与导流罩嵌入车体高低的气动噪声特性［J］.铁道学报, 2020, 42(8):60-67.
ZHANG Yadong, ZHANG Jiye. Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of Installation Position of Pantograph and Fairing Embedded into Different Height of Vehicle ［J］. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2020, 42(8):60-67.
［19］WU J M. Numerical Computation and Improvement of Aerodynamic Radiation Noises of Pantographs［J］.Journal of Vibroengineering, 2017, 19(5):3939-3952.
［20］DING S S, LI Q, TIAN A Q, et al. Aerodynamic Design on High-speed Trains［J］. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2016, 32(2):215-232.
［21］LEI S, CHENG C Z, JING W, et al. Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise of a High-speedPantograph∥2013 Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation. Shinan, 2013:837-841.
［22］孔学舟, 杨明智. 受电弓下沉对高速列车气动阻力的影响［J］.铁道科学与工程学报, 2017, 14(9):1805-1813.
KONG Xuezhou, YANG Mingzhi. Influence of Pantograph Subsidence on High-speed Train Aerodynamic Drag［J］. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(9):1805-1813.
［23］LI T, HEMIDA H, ZHANG J Y, et al. Comparisons of SST and DES Simulations of the Flow around Trains［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2018, 140(11):111108.
［24］SPALART P R, JOU W, STRELETS M, et al. Comments on the Feasibility of LES for Wings, and on Hybrid RANS/LES Approach［J］. Advances in DNS/LES, 1997, 4(8):137-147.
［25］SPALART P R, DECK S, SHUR M L, et al. A New Version of Detached-eddy Simulation, Resistant to Ambiguous Grid Densities［J］. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2006, 20(3):181-195.
［26］MENTER F R. Two-equation Eddy-viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications［J］. AIAA Journal, 1994, 32(8):1598-1605.
［27］MENTER F R, KUNTZ M, LANGTRY R. Ten Years of Industrial Experience with the SST Turbulence Model［J］. Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 4(1):625-632.
［28］GRITSKEVICH M S, GARBARUK A V, SCHUTZE J, et al. Development of DDES and IDDES Formulations for the k-ω Shear Stress Transport Model ［J］. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 2011, 88(3):431-449.
［29］WANG S B, BELL J R, BURTON D, et al. The Performance of Different Turbulence Models(URANS, SAS and DES) for Predicting High-speed Train Slipstream［J］. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2017, 165:46-57.
［30］FFOWCS WILLIAMS J E, HAWKINGS D L. Sound Generation by Turbulence and Surfaces in Arbitrary Motion［J］. Philosophical Transactions for the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1969, 264(1151):321-342.
［31］ZHANG Y D, ZHANG J Y, LI T, et al. Investigation of the Aeroacoustic Behavior and Aerodynamic Noise of a High-speed Train Pantograph［J］. Science China Technological Sciences, 2017, 60(4):561-575.
［32］秦登, 李田, 张继业, 等. 升弓高度对列车受电弓气动性能的影响［J］. 中国科学:技术科学, 2020, 50(3):335-345.
QIN Deng, LI Tian, ZHANG Jiye, et al. Effect of Operation Height on Aerodynamic Performance of Train Pantograph［J］. Science Sinica Technologica, 2020, 50(3):335-345.
［33］ZHANG Y D, ZHANG J Y, LI T, et al. Research on Aerodynamic Noise Reduction for High-speed Trains ［J］. Shock and Vibration, 2016, 2016:1-21.

[1]	TUN Fu-Chao, TUN Bai-Hu, ZHANG Xiu-Hua. Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Performance of Paraffin Thermal-Sensitive Valve  [J]. J4, 201016, 21(16): 1921-1926.
[2]	WANG Manxin, LI Lanbin, LI Zhengliang, LIU Haitao, HUANG Tian. Topological Structure Synthesis and Optimization of 1T2R Parallel Mechanisms [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(20): 2395-2402.
[3]	SUN Jianwei, LUAN Yipeng. Design of Variable-diameter Flexible Walking Wheels Based on Two-bar Three-cable Tensegrity Structure [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(20): 2429-2436.
[4]	WANG Qiao, DU Xuesong, SONG Chaosheng, ZHU Caichao, SUN Jianquan, LIAO Delin. Research on Accelerated Life Test Method of Harmonic Reducers [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(19): 2317-2324.
[5]	ZENG Shoujin, LI Chuansheng, LIU Guang, XU Mingsan, LI Dichen. Study on Mechanics Properties and Energy Absorption of Gradient Porous Scaffolds Fabricated by SLM [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(19): 2364-2371.
[6]	HE Zhicheng, YANG Dingding, JIANG Chao, WU Yi, JIANG Hexin. Strength-constrainted Topology Optimization Based on Additive Manufacturing Anisotropy [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(19): 2372-2380，2393.
[7]	LI Wei, ZHENG Hao, LIU Yanmei, FAN Song. Numerical Simulation on Mounted Bolt Failures in Vehicle Subframe [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(19): 2388-2393.
[8]	LIU Xu, SUN Yuli, ZHANG Guiguan, QIAN BingkunG, AO Hang, ZUO Dunwen. Simulation and Experimental Research about Temperature Fields of PDMS Cooled by Liquid Nitrogen Jet Impingement [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(18): 2161-2171.
[9]	CONG Jianchen, NI Peixiang, SUN Jun, LYU Shijie. Experimental Research and Analysis on Torsional Fatigue Strength of Engine Crankshafts [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(18): 2197-2204.
[10]	BAO Hong, YANG Jing, KE Qingdi, LI Hongzhen, YAO Yongzheng, . An Energy Efficiency Optimization Model of Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing Based on Support Vector Regression [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(18): 2215-2226.
[11]	WANG Lanqing, HUANG Hui, CUI Changcai. Experimental Research of Surface Quality Evaluation Method for Wire Saw Sapphire Wafer [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(17): 2023-2028.
[12]	JI Li, MA Xueqing, CHEN Zhenmin. Low Frequency Vibration Mechanism for AMB High-speed Motor Rotor Systems and Its Compensation Strategy [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(17): 2053-2060.
[13]	ZHANG Jin, HAN Fuzhu, . Establishment and Research of Prediction Model of Discharge Gap Voltages in Discharge Arc Milling [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(16): 1891-1896.
[14]	LIU Liye, CHEN Yongliang, TANG Weili, WEI Yunpeng, SUO Shucan. Research on Open Control Systems and Tangent Tracking of Friction Stir Welding Machines [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(16): 1948-1956.
[15]	XU Rongfei, FAN Kaiguo. Research on Thermal Characteristics of Motorized Spindles Based on Digital Twin [J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(16): 1965-1971.