基于多目标优化的钢-铝混合轻量化车架设计

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以国产某SUV车架为研究对象，建立了车架有限元模型，对车架进行弯曲刚度、扭转刚度分析，并进行模态分析和模态试验，验证模型的有效性。利用正交试验法确定了材料轻量化部件，并将这些部件的钢材料替换成铝合金，得到钢-铝混合轻量化车架。针对钢-铝混合轻量化车架刚度和模态性能的减弱问题，采用基于折中规划法的多目标形貌优化方法对部件进行优化改进，提高了车架的刚度和模态性能。设计结果表明，使用钢、铝材料结合多目标优化方法设计的钢-铝混合轻量化车架相比原钢质车架在保证一定的刚度和模态性能条件下，质量减轻了6.7kg。

关键词: 车架, 正交试验, 钢-铝混合, 多目标形貌优化, 轻量化

Abstract:

Taking an SUV frame as research subject, a finite element model was established, its bending, torsional stiffness and modal were analyzed, and the modal value was compared with test one to ensure the model effectiveness. Orthogonal test method was used to determine the lightweight components, and their steel materials were replaced by aluminum alloy, so a steel-aluminium hybrid lightweight frame was obtained. Then compromise programming multi-objective morphology optimization design method was adopted to improve its stiffness and modal property. Results of the design show that, using steel, aluminum and multi-objective optimization, the new steel-aluminum lightweight frame mass will be 6.7kg lighter than the original steel one with a well guarantee for the stiffness and modal performance.

Key words: frame, orthogonal test, steel-aluminium hybrid, multi-objective morphology optimization, lightweight

中图分类号:

U463

辛勇, 叶盛. 基于多目标优化的钢-铝混合轻量化车架设计[J]. 中国机械工程, 2014, 25(17): 2402-2407.

Xin Yong, Ye Sheng. Design of Steel-aluminum Hybrid Lightweight Frame by Multi-objective Optimization[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 25(17): 2402-2407.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/

http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2014/V25/I17/2402

参考文献

[1]唐传茵，张天侠，李华，等.汽车振动舒适性评价研究[J].振动与冲击，2008,27（9）：158-166.
Tang Chuanyin，Zhang Tianxia，Li Hua，et al. Evaluation of Ride Comfort of a Vehicle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock，2008,27（9）：158-166.
[2]施颐，朱平，张宇，等.基于刚度与耐撞性要求的车身结构轻量化研究[J].汽车工程，2010，32（9）：757-762.
Shi Yi，Zhu Ping，Zhang Yu，et al. A Study on the Lightweighting of Car Body Structure Based on Stiffness and Crashworthiness Requirements[J]. Automotive Engineering，2010，32（9）：757-762.
[3]Miller W S，Zhuang L，Bottema J, et al.Recent Development in Aluminium Alloys for the Automotive Industry[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,2000,280A:37-49.
[4]Binghan L J.A Materials Odyssey[J].Automotive Industries, 2000,10: 83-89.
[5]甘卫平，范洪涛，许可勤，等. Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金研究进展[J].铝加工，2003,150（3）：6-12.
Gan Weiping，Fan Hongtao，Xu Keqin，et al. Study Progress of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Series High-strength Aluminum Alloys[J]. Aluminium Fabrication，2003,150（3）：6-12.
[6]龙江启，兰凤崇，陈吉清.车身轻量化与钢铝一体化结构新技术的研究进展[J].机械工程学报，2008，44（6）：27-35.
Long Jiangqi，Lan Fengchong，Chen Jiqing. New Technology of Lightweight and Steel-aluminum Hybrid Structure Car Body[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2008，44（6）：27-35.
[7]Martindate N，Choe K，May T，et al.FEA Modeling Pratices for Light Trucks[R].Michigan:Ford Internal Report，1994.
[8]宋海生，史文库，郭福祥，等.基于车地板振动控制的副车架分析与优化[J].汽车工程，2010,32（7）：601-604.
Song Haisheng，Shi Wenku，Guo Fuxiang，et al. Analysis and Optimization of Sub frame Based on Floor Vibration Control[J]. Automotive Engineering，2010,32（7）：601-604.
[9]Dooms D，Degrande G，De Roeck G，et al. Finite Element Modeling of a Silo Based on Experimental Modal Analysis[J]. Engineering Structures，2006，28： 532-542.
[10]Marler R T, Arora J S. Survey of Multi-objective Optimization Methods for Engineering[J]. Struct. Multidisc. Optim., 2004(26):369-395.
[11]刘江，桂良进，王青春，等.全承载式大客车车身结构多目标优化[J].汽车工程，2008,30（2）：170-173.
Liu Jiang，Gui Liangjin，Wang Qingchun，et al. Multi-objective Optimization on the Body Structure of Integral Bus[J]. Automotive Engineering，2008,30（2）：170-173.
[12]向湘林，左孔天，向宇，等.某SUV车架多目标拓扑优化设计[J].计算机辅助工程，2012，21（5）：20-24.
Xiang Xianglin，Zuo Kongtian，Xiang Yu，et al. Multi-objective Topology Optimization Design on SUV Frame[J]. Computer-Aided Engineering，2012，21（5）：20-24.
[13]范文杰，范子杰，桂良进，等.多工况下客车车架结构多刚度拓扑优化设计研究[J].汽车工程，2008,30（6）：531-533.
Fan Wenjie，Fan Zijie，Gui Liangjin，et al. Multi-stiffness Topology Optimization of Bus Frame with Multiple Loading Conditions[J]. Automotive Engineering，2008,30（6）：531-533.
[14]刘林华，辛勇，汪伟.基于折中规划的车架结构多目标拓扑优化设计[J].机械科学与技术，2011,30（3）：382-385.
Liu Linhua，Xin Yong，Wang Wei. Multi-objective Topology Optimization for an Off-road Vehicle Frame Based on Compromise Programming[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering，2011，30（3）：382-385.
[15]范文杰，范子杰，苏瑞意.汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究[J].中国机械工程，2008,19（12）：1505-1508.
Fan Wenjie，Fan Zijie，Su Ruiyi. Research on Multi-objective Topology Optimization on Bus Chassis Frame[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2008,19（12）：1505-1508.
[16]王涛.钢/铝激光对接焊工艺及物相的结构稳定性研究[D].长沙：湖南大学，2012.
[17]王洪斌，黄进峰，杨滨，等.Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金的研究现状与发展趋势[J].材料导报，2003，17（9）：1-4，15.
Wang Hongbin，Huang Jinfeng，Yang Bin，et al. Current Status and Future Directions of Ultrahigh Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Aluminum Alloys[J]. Materials Review，2003，17（9）：1-4，15.