China Mechanical Engineering

Ultra-precision Turning Alignment Error Compensation Technology in Multi-axis Simultaneous Operations

YUAN Jiabin, GUO Xipeng, LI Rong, YIN Shaohui

2025, 36(07): 1397-1406. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.001

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To address the issues of ineffective compensation for aspheric machining figure errors, an XZB three-axis ultra-precision machining method was proposed. The impact of errors in tool alignment, tool radius and the deviation of tool tip relative to the B-axis rotation center on workpiece surface accuracy was analyzed, and the corresponding compensation methods were presented. Turning experiments of nickel-plated convex aspherical workpieces were conducted. Figure errors of the workpieces were reduceed from 0.6774 μm to 0.0749 μm, with the XZB three-axis linked turning method. Experimental results show that the XZB three-axis linked turning process significantly improves the surface shape accuracy and surface quality of small-diameter aspherical surfaces, compared with the XZ two-axis linked turning method.

Theoretical Exploration on Whitworth Three Plates Method

HU Penghao1, LIAO Jinwei1, SHI Zhaoyao2, GUAN Bingliang3

2025, 36(07): 1407-1415. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.002

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The principle of three plates method was expressed intuitively and easy to operate, but lacked theoretical analysis. It was necessary to find the theoretically reasons for three flat plates always obtaining high-accuracy planes. Fractal theory was used to establish a 3D model for flat plates, and a mathematical simulation method was constructed to simulate of three-plate matching and scraping processes. Iteration and convergence analysis revealed the internal mechanism of the surface which was gradually flattened after the scraping. The correctness of the theoretical analysis was verified by point counts and flatness error evaluation based on experiments.

Flow Behavior and Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Ultra-thin Strips in Microchannel Gas Forming

ZHANG Peng1, 3, 4, 5, ZHU Xuewei2, 3, 4, YU Baoyang1, 3, 4, WU Tianfeng1, 3, 4, ZHU Jinzhou1, 3, 4

2025, 36(07): 1416-1422. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.003

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Microchannel gas forming experiments and numerical simulations on 304 stainless steel ultra-thin strips were conducted. Stress distribution, strain distribution, and thickness variation patterns at different locations of the blanks in forming processes were investigated. The evolution mechanism of the microstructure at typical positions of the gas formed specimens was analyzed. The comparison between experimental and simulated channel profiles was performed to validate the reliability of the numerical simulation results. The results show that under 25 MPa and room temperature conditions, the thickness at the upper fillet decreases from 100 μm to 84.05 μm, identifying the region is easy to rupture in forming. The simulated channel depth was as 619.67 μm, while the experimental depth was as 556.34 μm. Post-forming analyses reveal that grain size reduces, dislocation density increases, and low-angle grain boundaries raised from 58.04% to 62.61%, which demonstrate the significant work hardening effects.

Correlation Mechanism between Geometric Accuracy and Wettability Performance of Laser-induced Micro-structures

NI Jing1, LU Die1, MENG Zhen1, LIN Shaorong1, WANG Yang1, FU Yun2

2025, 36(07): 1423-1429，1561. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.004

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By comparing and analyzing the geometric accuracy and wettability of microstructures prepared with different laser pulse widths, the relationship between geometric accuracy and hydrophobicity was established. The results demonstrate that reducing the laser pulse width improves the geometric accuracy of microstructures and enhances their surface hydrophobicity. The picosecond-laser-fabricated microstructures with regular papillae arrays at the bottom region exhibit the optimal water-repellent properties.

Research Status and Development Trends of Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis for CNC Machine Tool Reliability

TIAN Hailong1, 2, SUN Yuzhi1, 2, YANG Zhaojun1, 2, LIU Zhifeng1, 2, CHEN Chuanhai1, 2, HE Jialong1, 2

2025, 36(07): 1430-1441. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.005

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FMECA played an important role in reliability maintenance of CNC machine tools. Current researches focused on 4 aspects: comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors, integration of multi-source hierarchical information, integration of multiple analysis methods, and dynamic characteristic modeling. By systematically combination of existing research results, the advantages and existing problems of the 4 aspects were analyzed. Evolution path of machine tool failure modes, effects and criticality analysis were explained by the integration of the characteristics of industrial needs, which provides a theoretical basis for building a high-precision machine tool reliability evaluation system.

Research on Tensile Failure Behaviors of Skin Suture Interfaces with Fractal Interlock Design

XU Linlong1, JI Xiaogang1, 2, LI Huabin1, JIANG Hao1

2025, 36(07): 1442-1452. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.006

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In order to study the mechanism of the geometric structure of the wound interfaces on the tensile failure behaviors of the skin sutures, a fractal interlocking mechanism was developed based on the tensile failure behaviors of the skin suture interfaces. The fractal design of skin interface was carried out according to Koch interlock model, and the equivalent mechanics model was constructed for the interface with linear and sinusoidal center line distribution. Combined with numerical simulation and digital image correlation method, the tensile tests were carried out on the prepared suture structures, focusing on the progressive destructive behaviors of second-order tooth skin suture structures, and the effects of tooth sharp angle, fractal order and center line distribution on their tensile properties were further explored. Finally, taking tensile strength as the evaluation index, the parameter mapping model of each sensitive factor was constructed. The results show that the failure behaviors of the second order tooth interface are manifested as the load transfer from both sides of the tooth to the interface layer of the middle tooth, resulting in the uniform loss of the second order tooth. Smaller tooth angle and higher fractal order may improve the tensile properties of the skin interfaces, and the distribution of sinusoidal centerlines may make the structure have greater tensile strength. This paper may provide relevant reference for improving the healing rate of skin wound after clinical suture.

Vehicle Yaw and Roll Stability Control Based on Dynamic Output Feedback

YIN Xizhi1, 2, 3, HU Sanbao1, 2, 3, FENG Zhiyong1, 2, 3

2025, 36(07): 1453-1462. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.007

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In order to improve the yaw and roll stability of in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles under extreme conditions such as high speed and low adhesion, a 3-DOF multi-cell model of vehicle lateral dynamics was established, and a robust layered controller was proposed. The local optimal solution of the upper-level reduced-order dynamic output feedback controller was obtained by iterative search, with the demands for the pole configuration and H∞ performance constraints at the same time. With the optimization objective of minimizing the comprehensive tire load rate, the optimal torque of the lower four wheels was obtained. Simulink and CarSim co-simulation results show that this control strategy may significantly improve vehicle stability under different working conditions, and maintain robustness to system parameter variations and external disturbances.

Vibration Reduction Analysis of All-metal Multi-directional Isolation Devices

ZHENG Chao, LIU Jianchao, WU JunXUE Xin

2025, 36(07): 1463-1470. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.008

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To meet the requirements for multi-directional loads and multi-environmental vibrations and noise reduction in marine ship equipment, an all-metal flexible multi-directional isolation device was designed based on the flexibility and compactness of spherical hinge structure. The influences of constitutive parameter evolution on the dynamic response was systematically analyzed based on a nonlinear dynamic theoretical model and a finite element simulation model. Vibration isolation performance of the devices was quantitatively evaluated by sinusoidal frequency sweep tests, and impedance and force transmissibility as characterization metrics. The accuracy of the theoretical and simulation models was validated by the acceleration frequency response results collected in the experiments. The results indicate that the device exhibits excellent vibration isolation performance, while the force transmissibility reduces to 0.01, and the theoretical predictions, simulation outcomes, and experimental results show a high level agreement.

Structure-thermal Compliance Collaborative Topology Optimization of Aero-engine Gears Transmission Case Based on Compromise Programming Method

HUANG Hao1, WANG Zeng2, LI Bo2, LU Zehua1, LIU Huaiju1

2025, 36(07): 1471-1478. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.009

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Gear transmission case, an important component in aero-engined, endured severe operational conditions and necessitated lightweight construction amidst stringent design prerequisites. The existing structural design of the gear transmission cases, which mainly depended on engineering experience, struggles to satisfy the high power density design requirements of aero-engines. Based on the compromise programming method, a multi-objective topology optimization method was proposed for the cases considering the heat conduction performance. By imposing constraints on the central misalignment of bearing holes and the volume fraction of the optimization domain, the proposed strategy facilitated topology optimization. The resultant design achieves a 6.1% decrease in case weights, accompanied by reductions of 5.2% in peak von Mises stress, 2.3% in maximum temperature and a significant improvement of 9.3% in the central misalignment of bearing holes.

Quantitative Analysis of Correlation for Complex Product Design Indicator Decomposition Based on Lotka-Volterra Model

GU Sunquan, ZHANG Haizhu, LI Rong, RAO BaWANG Hao

2025, 36(07): 1479-1486. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.010

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Aiming at the problems of the correlations in the evolution processes of product design indicators made the decomposed sub-functional structure design indicators overestimated or underestimated, and the decomposition of design indicators was similar to community ecology, a method of quantitative analysis of the correlations in the decomposition of design indicators was proposed based on the Lotka-Volterra model. Firstly, the complex product evolution processes were analysed, then the ecological subjects and correlations in design indicators decomposition was defined. Secondly, the decomposition correlation model between system and sub-functional structure design indicators was constructed based on the Lotka-Volterra model, and the coefficients were solved by using the Runge-Kutta combined with the least-squares method to quantitatively analyze the correlation among design indicators. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was verified by taking the example of solving the correlation between the energy consumption of high-speed train system and the design indicators of sub-functional structure. The findings show that the methodology may quantify the interaction between identifying complex product design indicators in the evolution processes and may provide a quantitative basis for positive directions towards innovative design priority breakthroughs.

Nonlinear Stability Control of Multi-cable Anti-sway Systems for Marine Cranes

ZHAO Tingqi1, CHENG Hongyu2, SUN Maokai1, WANG Shenghai1, WANG Haoran1, CHEN Haiquan1

2025, 36(07): 1487-1496. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.011

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In order to improve the robustness of mechanical anti-sway control algorithms for marine cranes, and avoid the overload of anti-sway cables caused by the ineffective synchronization motions between anti-sway cables and main hoisting cable in multi-cable anti-sway systems, a fast terminal sliding mode nonlinear anti-sway controller with improved reaching law(FTSMASC-IRL) and a fuzzy adaptive sliding mode synchronization controller(FASMSC) were developed. The results of simulation experiments show that, FTSMASC-IRL reduces the payload swing angles by 80%, while the constant tension controller reduces the payload swing angles by 70%. Compared to the traditional augmented PD controller(APDC), FSMASC improves the performance in error control over 75%.

Injuries of Occupants in a High-dimation Seated During a Frontal Vehicle Collisions

WU Hequan1, 2, GONG Chuangye1, 2, LI Yihui1, 2, HU Lin1, 2

2025, 36(07): 1497-1504. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.012

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Autonomous driving liberates passengers from driving tasks, and allows them to choose more comfortable sitting postures. The motion responses and injuries of occupants in collisions were studied under three different sitting angles. The results show that the passengers will dive in a sitting position with a large inclination angle, resulting in an increased risk of injury. In response to this phenomenon, a protective strategy of seat cushion flipping was proposed. This strategy significantly reduces the injury risk of the occupants. Under the restraint of seat belts, the liver strain of occupants in 120° sitting position is reduced to 42.1%, and the heart strain of occupants in 150° sitting position is reduced to 24.3%.

Prediction of Frictional Torques of Planetary Roller Screw Pairs Based on Random Forest Algorithm

XU Yang, ZU Li, LI Weilong, LIU Xiaoling, HE Jianliang, LIU Jun

2025, 36(07): 1505-1511. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.013

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The increase in frictional torques of planetary roller screw pairs led increased wear of planetary roller screw mechanisms(PRSM), which seriously affected the use and service life of PRSM. The feasibility of using ML algorithms to predict the frictional torques of PRSM was explored, and the relationship between PRSM frictional torques and wear states was analyzed. Random forest algorithm, support vector regression, and BP neural network were used to predict the changes in frictional torques of PRSM at different rotational speeds. The results demonstrate that the random forest algorithm achieves the prediction accuracy of 97% for the frictional torques of PRSM.

Design and Experimental Verification of a Narrow-channel Continuous Carbon Fiber Tow Weft Insertion System for Soft-Hard Blended Preforms

XING Lipeng1, 2, DONG Jiuzhi1, 2, CHEN Yunjun3, Li Rui1, 2, JIANG Xiuming1, 2

2025, 36(07): 1512-1519. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.014

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To address the issues of high labor intensity and low forming efficiency caused by manual weft insertion in narrow channels during the forming processes of soft-hard blended preforms, an automated weft insertion system was developed based on an S-shaped trajectory of continuous carbon fiber tow. The formation mechanism of the S-shaped trajectory was analyzed to establish the synergistic relationship between carbon fiber bundle positioning and coordinated multi-mechanism motions. A system architecture was designed, with the weft delivery mechanisms, electronic weft insertion mechanisms and post-insertion control mechanisms as the core components. Prototype experiments demonstrate that the system achieves continuous and stable weft insertion in narrow channels at a rate of 12.5 picks per minute.

3D Beamforming Map Compression Method Based on Generative Model

ZHAO Yunjie, HE Yansong, ZHANG Zhifei, XU Zhongming

2025, 36(07): 1520-1529. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.015

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To address the significant degradation in localization performance of DenseNet model under high compression ratios caused by channel compression method, a 3D beamforming map compression(3D-BFMC) method was proposed based on VQ-VAE-2 model. The hierarchical encoder of the VQ-VAE-2 model was used to compress 3D beamforming maps into vectorized local feature matrices, and then the matrices were input into the DenseNet model to perform 3D localization. Simulation results show that DenseNet models trained on compressed data by the 3D-BFMC method have better localization accuracy, frequency generalization and noise robustness than those of outperform channel compression approaches. A single-source experiment confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of 3D-BFMC in real-world environments.

Identification and Evaluation of Key Error Elements in Complex Composite Aviation Componts Assembly Driven by Mechanism and Data Model Fusion

GUO Feiyan1, ZHANG Hui2, SONG Changjie1, ZHANG Shuo1

2025, 36(07): 1530-1543. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.016

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In composite assembly of complex aviation products, the factors such as part deformations under loads, numerous parameters and so on were considered. Deformation error source models for key assembly links caused by positioning and clamping, joining and rebounding were analyzed, and the Jacobian sensor matrix representing error transmission relationship was modified to establish assembly error transmission mechanism model. A support vector regression model was established based on assembly error data, a fusion model of mechanism model and data model was gained. With the predication and compensation model for the calculated values of the error mechanism model and the actual deviation, a Sobol sensitivity analysis method was adopted to calculate the global sensitivity coefficients of different assembly error links, and the key error elements affecting assembly accuracy was identified. Finally, the assembly of wing box component was taken as an example to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A Determining Method for Milling Robot Poses Based on Principles of Maximum Stiffness

YI Yali1, 2, CHENG Yangyang2, CHEN Xiaowei2, CHEN Yifan2, ZHANG Zhendong2, JIN Herong1, 2

2025, 36(07): 1544-1552. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.017

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To address the issues of low machining accuracy during slot milling in robot weak-stiffness poses, a robot pose determination method was proposed based on maximum stiffness principle. Firstly, the stiffness was obtained through joint stiffness identification experiments. Then, the stiffness distribution in working plane was analyzed by stiffness-oriented evaluation indices, and the optimal robot milling poses were solved based on the maximum stiffness principle. Finally, end-loading and milling tests were carried out. The results show that the minimum end-effector comprehensive deformations are as 92 μm and 63 μm at the milling heights of 1.6 m and 1.2 m respeclively. After pose optimization, the milling vibration amplitude is reduced by up to 60.88%, and the maximum wall thickness error is only 40 μm.

Fusion of Degradation Feature Information and Remaining Life Prediction for Rolling Bearings

ZHANG Jianyu, WANG Liuzhen, XIAO Yong, MA Yanan

2025, 36(07): 1553-1561. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.018

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To address the demands for remaining life prediction of rolling bearings, a prediction model was proposed based on SAE and BiLSTM network. Taking the full-life vibration data of rolling bearings as research object, a degradation index set was constructed by developing a hyperbolic inverse transformation-based health indicator and a frequency-domain harmonic degradation factor. The SAE was employed for feature fusion to extract key features and eliminate redundant information. Meanwhile, the BiLSTM model was utilized to capture temporal dependencies and achieve full-cycle life prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms support vector regression, extreme learning machines, and convolutional neural networks in terms of smaller prediction errors and stronger generalization capabilities.

Residual Life Prediction for Bearings Based on Bearing Degradation State Assessment and IGAT-BiGRU Network

SONG Lijun, LIU Songlin, XIN Yu, MA Jinghua, XIE Zhengqiu

2025, 36(07): 1562-1572. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.019

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Due to the influences of working conditions and operating conditions, the collected status monitoring data was interfered with strong noise in full life cycle of rolling bearings, and the bearing operating life degradation was nonlinear, which seriously affected the accuracy of residual life prediction. So, a bearing residual life prediction method was proposed based on a joint high-precision FPT degradation state evaluation and an IGAT-BiGRU network, and the XJTU-SY full life cycle bearing dataset was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed prediction method may effectively capture the deep spatiotemporal features that characterize the bearing degradation states, and significantly improve the residual life prediction accuracy, compared with methods such as CNN-LSTM.

Optimization of Laser Tracker Positions in Aircraft Assembly Processes under Digital Twin Environments

WEN Xiaoyu1, ZHANG Hao1, ZHANG Yuyan1, LIU Siren2, JI Shuo1, GUO Weifei1, LI Hao1

2025, 36(07): 1573-1581,1635. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.020

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In order to solve the position optimization problems of laser trackers in guided assembly or off-shelf inspection, a Q-learning-based improved particle swarm optimization under digital twin environments was proposed herein. Firstly, a spatial position constraint model of the laser trackers and the digital twin scenario of the assembly shop element simulation were established. Secondly, a Markov decision model was constructed to dynamically adjust the target weight parameters. Finally, using pass-through rate of the laser tracker locations as evaluation benchmark, the algorithm was validated based on the digital twin environment and compared with other algorithms, which show that the algorithm has a better effectsiveness in optimizing the laser tracker locations and pass-through rate.

Fatigue Property of 17-4PH Products Fabricated via Metal Material Extrusion Technique

JIANG Shijie1, 2, CAI Shanggang1, YING Hongwei1, CHEN Jiaqi1

2025, 36(07): 1582-1591. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.021

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With the expansion of the application rangs of metal material extrusion products, it was urgent to investigate their fatigue property to ensure the reliability and safety. A damage fatigue life prediction model for metal material extrusion sintered products was established considering forming orientations and filling angles. Metal material extrusion sintered specimens with different forming orientations and filling angles were fabricated, and their density, shrinkage rate, tensile property and fatigue property were studied. The results show that the errors between predicted and measured fatigue life are as from 1.50% to 11.83%, which validates the correctness of the proposed model, while the shrinkage rate, tensile property, and fatigue property of the sintered specimens exhibite anisotropy.

Prediction Model with Asymmetric Cooling and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Plate Shapes in 20-high Rolling Mills

CUI Xiying1, WANG Wenqi1, XU Shihao1, LIU Kuo1, Sahal Ahmed ELMI1, BAI Zhenhua1, 2, 3

2025, 36(07): 1592-1599,1610. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.022

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Aiming at the edge wave defects in the shapes of finished strip steels produced by 20-high rolling mills, a temperature field calculation method was proposed coupled with multiple boundary conditions and emulsion heat transfer coefficients. A differentiated thermal crown calculation model for upper and lower work rolls in 20-high rolling mills was established. Mechanics analysis was conducted on the segmented reduction pattern of backup rolls, and the deformation coordination relationships in multi-layer roll systems were elucidated. The shape prediction model was developed, which improves computational accuracy by 31.1%, for precision rolling processes in thin-strip 20-high rolling mills. The influence patterns of factors, such as original crown difference between upper and lower work rolls, taper configuration of the first intermediate rolls, and backing bearing reduction of backup rolls on thin-strip shape formation, were revealed.

Drilling Characteristics of Micro Holes on Cf/SiC Composites

YANG Haotian1, HE Wenbo1, 2, 3, ZHAO Guolong1, NIAN Zhiwen1, YANG Yinfei1, 2, 3, LI Liang1

2025, 36(07): 1600-1610. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.023

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Diamond drills were used to drill holes of 0.5 mm diameter on Cf/SiC composite materials in vertical direction and parallel direction to the fiber weaving. The effects of drilling method and processing parameters on drilling forces, hole quality and tool wear were investigated. Material removal mechanism and tool wear mechanism were studied. The results show that vertical drilling has 30% greater thrust forces, 8% less hole damage factor, 20% greater roundness errors, and less tool wear rate than those of parallel drilling. Delamination defects result in smaller surface roughness of hole walls for parallel drilling than those of vertical drilling. The FOA has a significant impact on the material removal mechanism: when FOA is as 0° to 90°, the carbon fibers undergo shear fracture resulting in better surface quality; when FOA is as 90° to 180°, the carbon fibers undergo bending fracture leading to poorer surface quality.

Integrated Design Technology for New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Systems

SHI Peicheng1, SHAN Zixian1, ZHU Hailong1, HAI Bin2, WANG Lei2, LU Fayan2

2025, 36(07): 1611-1623. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.024

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An integrated design technology of power battery systems for new energy vehicles was elaborated, and the advantages in space utilisation, range, and cost control were shown by analysing the technology such as moduleless, battery chassis integration and battery body integration. Other typical battery technology which promoted the development of automotive industry through structural innovation, thermal management optimisation and fast charging solutions were explored. The development directions of power battery system integration technology were outlooked in terms of intelligent integration, sustainable materials, and standardisation.

Design and Anti-disturbance Performance Tests of Target Recognition Algorithm for LDI Machines

WANG Ruizhou1, ZHANG Yulong1, WANG Hua2, ZHANG Xianmin3

2025, 36(07): 1624-1635. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.025

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In LDI fields, disturbances caused the degradation of target recognition performance, and reduced the accuracy and efficiency of target alignment. A visual targeting device for LDI machines was designed. An adaptive point-selecting circle-searching strategy of random one point and random three points was proposed. The re-fitting was completed using the random sample consensus(RANSAC) method, and a target recognition algorithm was designed. The formation mechanism of disturbances was analyzed. A controllable and quantitative generation device for illumination conditions and out-of-focused-plane displacements was designed. The substrates containing typical targets with anomaly characteristics were fabricated. A quantitative generation and test system for the disturbances of LDI machines was completed. Test results demonstrate that the proposed target recognition algorithm for LDI machines possesses strong robustness against disturbances.

Geometric Feature Modeling and Assembly Interference Detection Method for Large Ship Components

2025, 36(07): 1636-1649. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.07.026

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Manufacturing errors and welding deformations in manufacturing and assembly of ship components affected the success rate and efficiency of rib plate pulling-in assembly. Therefore, a rapid modeling and assembly interference detection method for large ship components was proposed based on geometric features. The method defined assembly features, used the improved ASPacNet to accurately identify the assembly features, carried local reconstruction and splicing out, and detected assembly interference through a time-domain intermittent fit clearance calculation method. Experiments show that the modeling efficiency of the method for large ship components is 66.01% higher than that of traditional methods, the root mean square error of modeling is as 0.206 mm, and the interference detection accuracy reaches 98.81%. It may effectively reduce trial assembly and provide a new technical means for the efficient assembly of large ship components.

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