Effect of Half-rotating Fan Wing Biplane Configuration on Aerodynamic Characteristics

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.015

Abstract

Abstract:

To achieve improved aerodynamic performance of the half-rotating fan-wing （HRFW）， a novel active impeller fan-wing， this paper investigates the effects of bi-wing layout optimization through numerical analysis. The aerodynamic variation patterns among different airfoil combinations are identified， and the influences of wing spacing and height difference on the aerodynamic characteristics of the front and rear wings are examined. The results indicate that the aerodynamic coupling effect formed by different airfoil combinations affects the formation and stability of the eccentric vortex behind the rear wing， and consequently alters the lift-thrust distribution of the bi-wing system. Variations in wing spacing and height difference show negligible influence on lift but significantly enhance thrust. Compared with the sum of the aerodynamic forces of the J-type and C-type single wings， the J-C bi-wing configuration yields a 7.8% reduction in lift and a 20.6% increase in thrust.

Key words: fan-wing aircraft, half-rotating fan-wing, bi-wing layout, airfoil combination, aerodynamic characteristics, numerical simulation

摘要：

半转扇翼是一种新型活动叶轮扇翼，通过半转扇翼双翼的合理布局可有效提高半转扇翼飞行器的气动性能。采用数值分析方法寻找不同翼型组合的气动变化规律，探索了翼间距和高度差对前后翼气动特性的影响。研究结果表明：不同翼型组合形成的气动耦合作用影响后翼偏心涡的形成与稳定，改变双翼升推力的分布；翼间距和高度差的变化对升力改变不明显，但对推力提升的效果显著；与J型单翼和C型单翼的气动力之和相比，J-C型双翼升力减小7.8%，推力增大20.6%。

关键词: 扇翼飞行器, 半转扇翼, 双翼布局, 翼型组合, 气动特性, 数值模拟

CLC Number:

V221.3

WANG Xiaoyi, WANG Kang, FU Zhaodong, CHEN Hang, WANG Sheng, WANG Huixing, QIU Zhizhen. Effect of Half-rotating Fan Wing Biplane Configuration on Aerodynamic Characteristics[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1656-1663.

王孝义, 王康, 伏昭东, 陈航, 汪晟, 汪辉兴, 邱支振. 半转扇翼双翼布局对气动特性的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1656-1663.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Working principle of half-rotating wing pair

Fig.2 Parametric configuration and aerodynamic principles of the half-rotating fan-wing

Fig.3 Classification of airfoils for half-rotating fan-wing units

Fig.4 Concept model of type C-C bi-wing layout

Table 1 Structural parameters of type-C half-rotating fan-wing

结构参数	数值	结构参数	数值
前缘开口角α/（°）	25	叶轮偏角 θ/（°）	30
后缘开口角 β/（°）	35	展长 /m	0.5
叶轮半径 r/m	0.14

Fig.5 Classification of front and rear wing airfoil combinations

Fig.6 Comparison between experimental data and numerical calculation results

Fig.7 Position parameters diagram of type C-C combination

Fig.8 Aerodynamic force of C-C layout varies with wing spacing

Table 2 Type C-C fan-wing front and rear wings and their corresponding single wing aerodynamic force

	升力F_L	推力F_T
C-C型前翼	11.64	7.21
C-C型后翼	9.17	7.31
C型单翼	11.50	7.21

Fig.9 Distribution of flow fields of type C-C combination at different wing spacings（h=0.5r）

Fig.10 The effect of αF in the X-C configuration on aerodynamic forces

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the formation and change of eccentric vortex caused by bottom groove structure

Fig.12 Effect of type J-X combined αR on aerodynamic force

Fig.13 Effect of type J-C wing spacing on the aerodynamic force of front and rear wings

Tab.3 Aerodynamics of the front and rear wings of the J-C-type fan blade and the corresponding single wing（d=5r， h=0.5r）

	升力F_L	推力F_T
J-C型组合的前翼	13.27	9.41
J-C型组合的后翼	14.73	5.50
J型单翼	12.78	9.53
C型单翼	17.61	2.83

Fig.14 Speed of J-C type wings under different position parameters

Fig.15 Effect of type J-C combined wing spacing on aerodynamic force

References 20

[1]	SEYFANG G R. Fanwing--Developments and Applications［C］ ∥28th Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. Brisbane： ICAS， 2012： 1-9.
[2]	孟琳，叶永强. 扇翼飞行器短距起飞性能［J］. 哈尔滨工业大学学报， 2017， 49（4）： 95-100.
	MENG Lin， YE Yongqiang. Short Take-off Performance of Fan-wing Aircraft［J］. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology， 2017， 49（4）： 95-100.
[3]	KOMAROV B， ZINCHENKO D. Influence of Wing Shape on Characteristics of Fan-wing Aircraft Power Plant［J］. Aerospace Technic and Technology， 2023（4）： 10-27.
[4]	李仁凤，乐贵高，马大为，等. 扇翼飞行器气动特性优化设计［J］. 空气动力学学报， 2017， 35（6）： 879-882.
	LI Renfeng， LE Guigao， MA Dawei， et al. Optimization Design for Aerodynamic Performance of Fan-wing Aircraft［J］. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica， 2017， 35（6）： 879-882.
[5]	BENFERHAT S， YAHIAOUI T， IMINE B， et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of Turbulent Flow around a Fanwings Profile［J］. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics， 2019， 13（1）： 698-712.
[6]	COSKUNSES C E， TUNCER O. Experimental and Numerical Study of the Aerodynamics of a Cross Flow Fan Embedded Wing Configuration［J］. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University， 2023， 38（1）： 1-14.
[7]	孟琳，叶永强，李楠. 扇翼飞行器的研究进展与应用前景［J］. 航空学报， 2015， 36（8）： 2651-2661.
	MENG Lin， YE Yongqiang， LI Nan. Research Progress and Application Prospects of Fan-wing Aircraft［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2015， 36（8）： 2651-2661.
[8]	DUDDEMPUDI D， YAO Yufeng， EDMONDSON D， et al. Computational Study of Flow over Generic Fan-wing Airfoil［J］. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology， 2007， 79（3）： 238-244.
[9]	ASKARI S， SHOJAEEFARD M H. Numerical Simulation of Flow over an Airfoil with a Cross Flow Fan as a Lift Generating Member in a New Aircraft Model［J］. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology， 2009， 81（1）： 59-64.
[10]	ASKARI S， SHOJAEEFARD M H， GOUDARZI K. Experimental Study of Stall in an Airfoil with Forced Airflow Provided by an Integrated Cross-flow Fan［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part G： Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2011， 225（1）： 97-104.
[11]	牛中国，蒋甲利，李周复. 扇翼飞行器风扇叶片偏角影响数值分析［J］. 气动研究与实验， 2008， 26（2）： 6-10.
	NIU Zhongguo， JIANG Jiali， LI Zhoufu. Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Fan Blade Deflection Angle on Fanwing Aircraft［J］. Aerodynamic Research and Experiment， 2008， 26（2）： 6-10.
[12]	蒋甲利，牛中国，刘捷，等. 扇翼飞行器机翼布局研究［J］. 航空科学技术， 2009， 20（3）： 30-35.
	JIANG Jiali， NIU Zhongguo， LIU Jie， et al. Research on the Wing Composition of Fanwing Flight［J］. Aeronautical Science and Technology， 2009， 20（3）： 30-35.
[13]	杜思亮，芦志明，唐正飞. 扇翼飞行器翼型附面层控制数值模拟［J］. 航空学报， 2016， 37（6）： 1781-1789.
	DU Siliang， LU Zhiming， TANG Zhengfei. Numerical Simulation on Boundary Layer Control Method of Fanwing Aircraft Airfoil［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2016， 37（6）： 1781-1789.
[14]	杜思亮，冯衬，唐正飞. 带前缘小翼的扇翼翼型气动特性数值模拟分析［J］. 北京航空航天大学学报， 2020， 46（5）： 870-882.
	DU Siliang， FENG Chen， TANG Zhengfei. Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Fan-wing Airfoil with Leading Edge Winglet［J］. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2020， 46（5）： 870-882.
[15]	王孝义，陈航，汪晟，等. 一种新型半转扇翼气动特性的数值分析［J］. 推进技术， 2023， 44（1）： 125-136.
	WANG Xiaoyi， CHEN Hang， WANG Sheng， et al. Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics of a New Type of Half-rotating Fanwing［J］. Journal of Propulsion Technology， 2023， 44（1）： 125-136.
[16]	史振海，杨未柱，路秀儒，等. 串列式扇翼布局流动特性数值研究［J］. 航空学报， 2016， 37（10）： 2922-2931.
	SHI Zhenhai， YANG Weizhu， LU Xiuru， et al. Numerical Investigation into Flow Characteristics of Tandem Fan-wing Configuration［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2016， 37（10）： 2922-2931.
[17]	杜思亮，唐正飞，赵文静，等. 纵列式双扇翼气动特性数值模拟与试验［J］. 北京航空航天大学学报， 2018， 44（6）： 1164-1175.
	DU Siliang， TANG Zhengfei， ZHAO Wenjing， et al. Numerical Simulation and Test on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Tandem Fan Wing［J］. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2018， 44（6）： 1164-1175.
[18]	邱晗，王孝义. 半转机构-一种运动仿生机构的构成及其基本运动特性［J］. 机械科学与技术， 2011， 30（4）： 600-604.
	QIU Han， WANG Xiaoyi. Half-rotating Mechanism： a Biomimetic Mechanism of Animal Motion and Its Basic Motion Characteristics［J］. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering， 2011， 30（4）： 600-604.
[19]	陈航. 面向飞行的半转扇翼结构设计与研究［D］. 马鞍山：安徽工业大学， 2023.
	CHEN Hang. Design and Research of Half-rotating Fan-wing Structure for Flight［D］. Maanshan： Anhui University of Technology， 2023.
[20]	杜思亮. 扇翼空气动力特性数值模拟与试验研究［D］. 南京：南京航空航天大学， 2017.
	DU Siliang. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Fan Wing［D］. Nanjing： Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2017.