爆炸0区风机关键技术研究进展及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油气储运过程普遍存在可燃气与空气混合的爆炸0区环境，0区风机是保障0区环境安全的重要装置。针对0区风机关键技术，分类综述了狭小受限空间燃爆规律、流场优化计算、叶轮离心应力与振动、安全轴封技术和阻爆测试领域的研究进展，并提出了五点展望：①建立0区风机燃爆测试方法是首要目标，通过搭建循环回路测试系统来评价抗爆性能；②在较狭小受限空间，风机内部旋转结构爆燃转爆轰演化规律存在差异，应通过实验与计算来揭示；③分析阻火器对流场的扰动规律，开展流场优化研究，以提升风机通气性能；④研究高转速叶轮应力分布与振动规律，提出安全应力极限与提升方法；⑤研发抗爆、导静电耐磨型轴封材料及高效轴封结构。得出以下结论：通过关键技术研究，可实现国内0区风机零的突破。

关键词: 0区风机, 阻火器, 爆燃转爆轰, 流场优化, 应力, 轴封

Abstract:

The oil and gas storage and transportation processes were characterized by the explosive 0-zone environment where flammable gas and air were mixed. The zone 0 fan is an important device to ensure the safety of the zone 0 environment. This paper classified and reviewed the research progresses in the fields of narrow confined space combustion and explosion laws， flow field optimization calculation， impeller centrifugal stress and vibration， safety shaft seal technology， and explosion suppression testing for zone 0 fans. Five technical prospects were proposed： 1） establishing an explosion test method for zone 0 fans was the top priority， and a closed-loop test system should be established to evaluate the explosion resistance performance； 2） compared with narrow confined space combustion， the rotating structures within the fan’s interior had different DDT laws， which should be revealed through experiments and calculations； 3） analyze the disturbance laws of the flame arrester on the flow field， and conduct a comprehensive flow field optimization study to improve the ventilation performance of the fans； 4） study the distribution and vibration laws of high-speed impeller stress， and propose safe stress limits and improvement methods； 5） develop anti-explosion， anti-static， wear-resistant shaft seal materials and efficient seal structures. The conclusion is that by conducting researches on key technologies， it is possible to achieve a breakthrough in domestically produced zone 0 fans of the same type.

Key words: zone 0 fan, flame arrester, deflagration-to-detonation transition （DDT）, flow field optimization, stress, seal

中图分类号:

TP311

程龙军, 刘刚, 陈雷, 李东泽, 邢潇, 崔淦. 爆炸0区风机关键技术研究进展及展望[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(8): 1668-1682.

Longjun CHENG, Gang LIU, Lei CHEN, Dongze LI, Xiao XING, Gan CUI. Research Progresses and Prospect of Key Technologies for Explosive Zone 0 Fans[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(8): 1668-1682.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.08.003

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I8/1668

图/表 24

图1 不同区域风机设计要求

Fig.1 Design requirements for wind turbines in different regions

表1 国外0区防爆风机技术特点

Tab. 1 Technical characteristics of foreign explosion-proof fans in zone 0

品牌	德国Fima	英国Halifax	瑞士Meidinger
风机图
技术特点	①风机机壳与阻火器直连，具有最小的爆炸气量；②驱动型式获得防爆认证：皮带、联轴器、直驱；③转子动平衡提高操作安全性；④入口端静态密封，轴封采用涡形迷宫密封；⑤轴承配置温度监控	①轴封采用空气正压碳环气体密封；②出入口处安装阻火器，配置火焰捕捉器；③ 通过联轴器将电机与叶轮连接；④轴承箱配置振动监测	①阻火器配置温度传感器，检测异常工况和介质异常温度；②风机内部耐压设计；③集成火焰控制系统，通过温度传感器监控保证安全；④ 转速范围大，具有良好性能范围

图2 管道内爆燃-爆轰过程［21］

Fig.2 DDT process in pipe［21］

图3 球形储罐预混爆炸过程［24］

Fig.3 Spherical tank premix explosion process［24］

图4 矩形障碍物对火焰加速（FA）和爆燃到爆轰（DDT）过程的影响［25］

Fig.4 Effects of rectangular obstacles on FA and DDT processes［25］

图5 圆柱形障碍物对火焰传播的影响［27］

Fig.5 Effect of cylindrical obstacles on flame propagation［27］

图6 不同障碍物位置对火焰传播的影响［29］

Fig.6 Influence of different obstacle positions on flame propagation［29］

图7 壁面粗糙度对火焰不稳定性的影响规律［31］

Fig.7 Effect of wall roughness on flame instability［31］

图8 螺旋通道气体燃爆火焰传播变化［33］

Fig.8 Spiral channel gas explosion flame propagation changes［33］

图9 纵向沟槽结构对流动面积提升的影响［41］

Fig.9 Influence of longitudinal trench structure on flow area enhancement［41］

图10 平行壁蜗壳优化性能提升［43］

Fig.10 Performance improvement of parallel wall volute optimization［43］

图11 初始模型与优化模型风机叶轮速度流线［54］

Fig.11 Original model and optimized model wind turbine blade velocity streamlines［54］

图12 基于速度分布方法的设计叶型和初始叶型流场分布［59］

Fig.12 Flow field distribution of initial blade geometry and designed blade geometry based on velocity distribution method［59］

图13 三种叶片湍流动能分布［61］

Fig.13 Three types of blade turbulent kinetic energy distribution［61］

图14 基于贝塞尔曲线的仿鱼形叶片风机流场分布［63］

Fig.14 Flow field distribution of fan with fish-shaped blade based on Bessel curve［63］

图15 叶轮流体高界截面流场分布［67］

Fig.15 Flow field distribution of high boundary section of rotating body［67］

图16 扭转、扫掠、倾斜对风机叶片气动性能的影响［71］

Fig.16 Effect of twist， sweep and lean on aerodynamic performance of fan blades［71］

图17 叶片变形量分布［74］

Fig.17 Blade deformation distribution［74］

图18 叶片断裂应力分布［77］

Fig.18 Fracture stress distribution of blade［77］

图19 磁性流体密封结构与测试［87］

Fig.19 Magnetic fluid seal structure and testing［87］

图20 碳纤维刷式密封结构与测试［91］

Fig.20 Carbon fiber brush seal structure and testing［91］

图21 干气密封结构与压力状态监测［94］

Fig.21 Dry gas seal structure and pressure state monitoring［94］

图22 卷曲带式阻火器及爆炸测试装置［100］

Fig.22 Crimped belt flame arrester and explosion test device［100］

图23 三维网状多孔材料及其气体燃爆测试过程［103］

Fig.24 Three dimensional mesh porous material and gas explosion test process［103］

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