中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1900-1908.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.08.009
• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇
时培成1(
), 孙雨辰1, CHAKIR Chadia1, 孙羽2
收稿日期:2025-03-26
出版日期:2026-08-25
发布日期:2026-09-17
通讯作者:
时培成
基金资助:
SHI Peicheng1(
), SUN Yuchen1, CHAKIR Chadia1, SUN Yu2
Received:2025-03-26
Online:2026-08-25
Published:2026-09-17
Contact:
SHI Peicheng
摘要:
针对智能车辆横向控制中传统动力学模型在复杂工况下精度不足的问题,提出了一种物理-学习混合动力学建模方法,并结合学习型模型预测控制方法以提高横向控制的精度与鲁棒性。首先以单轨模型为基础物理模型,引入门控循环单元(GRU)补偿未建模动态,构建混合物理学习模型,兼具物理可解释性与数据驱动自适应性;然后将混合模型作为预测模型嵌入模型预测控制(MPC)框架,设计考虑轨迹跟踪误差与控制量约束的优化目标函数,实时求解最优前轮转向角指令。CarSim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,在双移线与蛇形工况下,相较于对比方法,所提方法有效降低了横向跟踪误差均方根,同时减小了前轮转角幅值,有效抑制了单轨模型中的部分未建模动态的影响。所提方法实现了车辆在复杂工况下控制量的精确输出,同步提升了智能车辆的横向控制精度和稳定性,具有良好的横向控制效果。
中图分类号:
时培成, 孙雨辰, CHAKIR Chadia, 孙羽. 基于物理-学习混合动力学建模的智能车辆横向控制研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(8): 1900-1908.
SHI Peicheng, SUN Yuchen, CHAKIR Chadia, SUN Yu. Research on Lateral Control of Intelligent Vehicles Based on Physics-Learning Hybrid Dynamics Modeling[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(8): 1900-1908.
| 场景类型 | 道路特征 | 车速范围/(km·h | 附着系数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 城市道路 | 密集路口, 启停工况 | 30~50 | 0.85/0.5/0.3 |
| 高速公路 | 长直道 | 90~120 | 0.85/0.5 |
| 公路 | 连续缓弯 | 50~70 | 0.85/0.5/0.3 |
| 赛道 | S形急弯 | 70~90 | 0.85 |
表1 智能车辆驾驶场景设计
Tab.1 Intelligent vehicle driving scenario design
| 场景类型 | 道路特征 | 车速范围/(km·h | 附着系数 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 城市道路 | 密集路口, 启停工况 | 30~50 | 0.85/0.5/0.3 |
| 高速公路 | 长直道 | 90~120 | 0.85/0.5 |
| 公路 | 连续缓弯 | 50~70 | 0.85/0.5/0.3 |
| 赛道 | S形急弯 | 70~90 | 0.85 |
| 变量 | 模型 | 平均绝对误差 | 均方根误差 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 混合模型 | 0.0352 | 0.0437 | |
| 单轨模型 | 0.0673 | 0.0812 | |
| 混合模型 | 0.0239 | 0.0383 | |
| 单轨模型 | 0.0385 | 0.0576 |
表2 混合模型与单轨模型测试结果对比
Tab.2 Comparison of test results between hybrid model and single-track model
| 变量 | 模型 | 平均绝对误差 | 均方根误差 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 混合模型 | 0.0352 | 0.0437 | |
| 单轨模型 | 0.0673 | 0.0812 | |
| 混合模型 | 0.0239 | 0.0383 | |
| 单轨模型 | 0.0385 | 0.0576 |
| 整车质量m/kg | 1270 |
|---|---|
| 轴距l/m | 2.91 |
| 质心到前轴距离a/m | 1.015 |
| 质心到后轴距离b/m | 1.895 |
| 转动惯量 | 1536 |
| 前轴侧偏刚度 | 61 120 |
| 后轴侧偏刚度 | 51 160 |
表3 仿真车辆参数
Tab.3 Vehicle parameters for simulation
| 整车质量m/kg | 1270 |
|---|---|
| 轴距l/m | 2.91 |
| 质心到前轴距离a/m | 1.015 |
| 质心到后轴距离b/m | 1.895 |
| 转动惯量 | 1536 |
| 前轴侧偏刚度 | 61 120 |
| 后轴侧偏刚度 | 51 160 |
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