中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 2141-2152.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.007

• 智能诊断与运维专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

机械元动作单元多故障耦合的动力学建模与特性分析

葛红玉, 孙佳瑞, 李艺, 杨满芝, 高扬   

  1. 西安科技大学机械工程学院, 西安, 710054
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51705417);国家自然科学基金(52475537);陕西省教育厅科研计划地方服务专项(24JC060);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目(2025JC-YBMS-566)

Dynamic Modeling and Characteristic Analyses of Multi-Fault Coupling in Mechanical Meta-action Unit

GE Hongyu, SUN Jiarui, LI Yi, YANG Manzhi, GAO Yang   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,710054
  • Received:2025-07-23 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-21

摘要:

针对机械元动作单元多故障并发时特征模糊导致诊断控制困难的问题,提出了一种基于多故障耦合建模分析故障特性的方法。以蜗杆转动元动作单元为例,提取关键故障,基于分段线性弹簧阻尼模型模拟支座松动,基于附加综合不对中激励力模拟联轴器不对中故障。融合滚动轴承动力学模型建立蜗杆动力学模型,集成上述故障模型,建立蜗杆转动元动作单元多故障耦合动力学模型。采用数值分析法求解蜗杆在正常、单一松动故障、单一不对中故障及耦合故障状态下的加速度响应并进行频谱分析。根据现有实验平台,采集并分析上述4种状态的实际加速度时域信号并进行频谱分析。仿真与实验结果对比验证了所建多故障耦合模型的准确性。

关键词: 元动作单元, 多故障耦合, 数值分析, 故障特征提取

Abstract:

To address the problem that feature ambiguity caused by concurrent multiple faults in mechanical meta-action units leads to difficulties in diagnosis and control, a method based on multi-fault coupling modeling was proposed to analyze fault characteristics. First, taking the worm rotation meta-action unit as an example, key faults were extracted. Looseness of the support was simulated based on a piecewise linear spring-damper model. The coupling misalignment fault was simulated based on an additional combined misalignment excitation force. Second, integrating a rolling bearing dynamic model, the worm dynamic model was established. The above fault models were integrated to establish a multi-fault coupling dynamic model for the worm rotation meta-action unit. Then, the acceleration responses of the worm under normal conditions, single looseness fault, single misalignment fault, and the coupled fault state were solved using numerical analysis method. Spectral analyses were performed on these responses. Finally, based on the existing experimental platform, actual acceleration time-domain signals under the above four states were collected and analyzed. Spectral analyses were also performed on the actual signals. A comparison between simulation and experimental results verifies the accuracy of the established multi-fault coupling model.

Key words: meta-action unit, multi-fault coupling, numerical analysis, fault feature extraction

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