中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2631-2643.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.026

• 增材制造 • 上一篇    下一篇

外加能场辅助无掩模定域性电沉积三维金属微结构的研究进展

吴蒙华1, 黄志维1, 贾卫平2()   

  1. 1.广东科技学院机电工程学院, 东莞, 523083
    2.大连大学机械工程学院, 大连, 116622
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-11 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 贾卫平
  • 作者简介:吴蒙华,男,1963年生,教授。研究方向为微细电化学加工技术研究与应用。发表论文60余篇
    贾卫平*(通信作者),女,1971年生,教授。研究方向为电化学沉积及材料表面改性。发表论文20余篇。E-mail:770818158@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51875071);广东省普通高校科研重点专项(2023ZDZX3048)

Research Progress in Maskless Localized Electrochemical Deposition Technology of 3D Metal Microstructures Assisted by External Energy Fields

WU Menghua1, HUANG Zhiwei1, JIA Weiping2()   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guangdong University of Science and Technology,Dongguan,Guangdong,523083
    2.School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University,Dalian,Liaoning,116622
  • Received:2026-01-11 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-11-10
  • Contact: JIA Weiping

摘要:

在无掩模定域性电沉积(LECD)过程中引入激光、射流、超声波、磁场等能场,可以克服传统单一电沉积电场加工技术的局限性,满足某些特定性能需求。介绍了激光、流场、超声场、磁场等能场辅助无掩模LECD技术的作用原理、特点、代表性研究成果及其研究进展。业内学者的研究结果表明,在无掩模LECD金属三维微结构过程中,通过严格控制外加能场的强度、作用方向和时间等,合理利用外加能场与电沉积电场协同耦合产生的复合效应,可以减小电沉积缺陷,获得较高的电沉积效率、较好的表面质量、细晶化微(纳)米组织结构、较好的物理机械性能。深入开展外加能场协同下的金属微结构无掩模LECD技术研究,可精益性解决无掩模LECD-增材制造效率、精度、尺度之间的矛盾,拓展无掩模LECD技术的工艺极限。

关键词: 外加能场协同, 三维金属微结构, 无掩模, 定域性电沉积

Abstract:

Introducing energy fields such as laser, jet flow, ultrasonic waves, and magnetic fields into the maskless LECD process can overcome the limitations of traditional electrodeposition and meet certain specific performance requirements. The working principles, characteristics, representative research achievements, and research progress of maskless LECD technique assisted by external energy fields, including laser, flow field, ultrasonic field, and magnetic field were introduced herein. Research results from scholars in the field indicate that in the process of maskless LECD for fabricating 3D metal microstructures, it is possible to reduce electrochemical deposition defects and achieve higher electrochemical deposition efficiency, better surface quality, refined micro/nano-scale grain structures, and improved physical and mechanical properties by strictly controlling the intensity, direction, and duration of the applied energy fields, and rationally utilizing the composite effects generated by the synergistic coupling of external energy fields and the electrochemical deposition electric field. Conducting in-depth research on maskless LECD technology for preparing metal microstructures under the synergy of external energy fields may resolve the conflicts between efficiency, precision, and scale in maskless LECD-additive manufacturing in a refined manner and expand the process limits of maskless LECD technique.

Key words: external energy fields assisted, 3D metal microstructures, maskless, localized electrochemical deposition(LECD)

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