中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 2058-2067.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.08.025
• 工程前沿 • 上一篇
凌启辉1(
), 严勇勇1, 李新宇1, 戴巨川1, 胥小强1,2
收稿日期:2025-08-07
出版日期:2026-08-25
发布日期:2026-09-17
通讯作者:
凌启辉
基金资助:
LING Qihui1(
), YAN Yongyong1, LI Xinyu1, DAI Juchuan1, XU Xiaoqiang1,2
Received:2025-08-07
Online:2026-08-25
Published:2026-09-17
Contact:
LING Qihui
摘要:
导弹道路运输振动环境模拟试验对装备研发及可靠性验证至关重要。传统整车模拟试验存在周期长、真实激励信号获取困难等问题,导致复杂耦合振动环境难以有效复现。为此,提出一种数据驱动的激励信号重构方法,并以模型驱动方法为基准框架进行精度对比验证。首先构建量子粒子群算法(QPSO)优化的长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络模型(QPSO-LSTM),实现高精度激励信号重构。然后基于多体动力学理论构建“运输车辆-包装箱-弹体-导弹部件”刚柔耦合模型,获取模型驱动重构信号。最后通过不同路面、车速模拟试验对比分析重构精度。试验结果表明,数据驱动方法的均方根相对误差平均值(1.54%)低于模型驱动方法的相应值(5.15%)。这一性能优势凸显了数据驱动方法在工程实践中的优越性。
中图分类号:
凌启辉, 严勇勇, 李新宇, 戴巨川, 胥小强. 导弹道路运输振动环境模拟试验激励信号重构[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(8): 2058-2067.
LING Qihui, YAN Yongyong, LI Xinyu, DAI Juchuan, XU Xiaoqiang. Reconstruction of Excitation Signals for Vibration Environment Simulation Tests of Projectile Road Transportation[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(8): 2058-2067.
| 试验工况 | 试验项目 | 车速或激振频率 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 戈壁路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 2 | 铺面路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 3 | 起伏路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 4 | 砂石路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 5 | 铺面路运输模拟 | 40 km/h |
| 6 | 随机路谱试验 | |
| 7 | 正弦扫频激励试验 | 1~20 Hz |
表1 试验工况
Tab.1 Test conditions
| 试验工况 | 试验项目 | 车速或激振频率 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 戈壁路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 2 | 铺面路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 3 | 起伏路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 4 | 砂石路运输模拟 | 10 km/h |
| 5 | 铺面路运输模拟 | 40 km/h |
| 6 | 随机路谱试验 | |
| 7 | 正弦扫频激励试验 | 1~20 Hz |
| 预测模型 | 预测目标 | RMSE值 | MAE值 | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSTM | yd1 | 4.02 | 2.49 | 0.727 |
| yd2 | 5.01 | 3.16 | 0.664 | |
| PSO-LSTM | yd1 | 1.71 | 1.45 | 0.940 |
| yd2 | 1.89 | 1.31 | 0.933 | |
| QPSO-LSTM | yd1 | 1.69 | 1.16 | 0.951 |
| yd2 | 1.79 | 1.21 | 0.956 |
表2 各模型预测精度对比
Tab.2 Comparison of prediction accuracy among various models
| 预测模型 | 预测目标 | RMSE值 | MAE值 | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSTM | yd1 | 4.02 | 2.49 | 0.727 |
| yd2 | 5.01 | 3.16 | 0.664 | |
| PSO-LSTM | yd1 | 1.71 | 1.45 | 0.940 |
| yd2 | 1.89 | 1.31 | 0.933 | |
| QPSO-LSTM | yd1 | 1.69 | 1.16 | 0.951 |
| yd2 | 1.79 | 1.21 | 0.956 |
| 导弹部件和支撑 | 弹体和支撑 | 运输车辆 |
|---|---|---|
| mb1=5.35 kg | L1=0.68 m | mc=25.68 kg |
| mb2=6.15 kg | L2=0.37 m | Ic=9.53 kg · m2 |
| mb3=9.35 kg | L3=0.71 m | md=500 kg |
| mb4=4.23 kg | xa11=0.09 m | Id=2.9 |
| kb1=3.97 | xa12=0.43 m | mti=32.5 kg |
| kb2=9.76 | xa21=0.16 m | kcdi=1.9 |
| kb3=9.36 | xa31=0.19 m | ccdi=2 |
| kb4=7.1 | xa32=0.66 m | ksi=1.243 |
| cb1=1.5 | c1=0.73 m | csi=3.6 |
| cb2=2.5 | c2=0.23 m | kti=6 |
| cb3=3 | c3=0.04 m | e1=0.23 m |
| cb4=1.7 | c4=0.38 m | e2=0.38 m |
| xb11=0.48 m | c5=0.84 m | d1=1.22 m |
| xb21=0.22 m | d2=1.83 m | |
| xb31=0.21 m | s1=0.9 m | |
| xb32=0.56 m | s2=1.8 m |
表3 刚柔耦合动力学模型参数
Tab.3 Parameters of rigid flexible coupling dynamic model
| 导弹部件和支撑 | 弹体和支撑 | 运输车辆 |
|---|---|---|
| mb1=5.35 kg | L1=0.68 m | mc=25.68 kg |
| mb2=6.15 kg | L2=0.37 m | Ic=9.53 kg · m2 |
| mb3=9.35 kg | L3=0.71 m | md=500 kg |
| mb4=4.23 kg | xa11=0.09 m | Id=2.9 |
| kb1=3.97 | xa12=0.43 m | mti=32.5 kg |
| kb2=9.76 | xa21=0.16 m | kcdi=1.9 |
| kb3=9.36 | xa31=0.19 m | ccdi=2 |
| kb4=7.1 | xa32=0.66 m | ksi=1.243 |
| cb1=1.5 | c1=0.73 m | csi=3.6 |
| cb2=2.5 | c2=0.23 m | kti=6 |
| cb3=3 | c3=0.04 m | e1=0.23 m |
| cb4=1.7 | c4=0.38 m | e2=0.38 m |
| xb11=0.48 m | c5=0.84 m | d1=1.22 m |
| xb21=0.22 m | d2=1.83 m | |
| xb31=0.21 m | s1=0.9 m | |
| xb32=0.56 m | s2=1.8 m |
试验 工况 | 测点 位置 | 实测数据 | 模型驱动 | 模型驱动相对误差/% | 数据驱动 | 数据驱动相对误差/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yd1 | 3.40 | 3.49 | 2.65 | 3.35 | 1.47 |
| yd2 | 3.90 | 4.07 | 4.36 | 3.79 | 2.82 | |
| 2 | yd1 | 1.81 | 1.80 | 0.55 | 1.79 | 1.10 |
| yd2 | 1.78 | 1.82 | 2.25 | 1.81 | 1.69 | |
| 3 | yd1 | 4.76 | 5.02 | 5.46 | 4.81 | 1.05 |
| yd2 | 5.46 | 5.80 | 6.22 | 5.50 | 0.73 | |
| 4 | yd1 | 6.29 | 6.92 | 10.02 | 6.44 | 2.38 |
| yd2 | 7.02 | 7.87 | 12.11 | 6.93 | 1.28 | |
| 5 | yd1 | 4.51 | 4.59 | 1.77 | 4.59 | 1.77 |
| yd2 | 5.57 | 5.91 | 6.10 | 5.63 | 1.08 | |
| 均值 | 5.15 | 1.54 |
表4 各工况的位移均方根值对比
Tab.4 Comparison of root mean square displacement values under various operating conditions
试验 工况 | 测点 位置 | 实测数据 | 模型驱动 | 模型驱动相对误差/% | 数据驱动 | 数据驱动相对误差/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yd1 | 3.40 | 3.49 | 2.65 | 3.35 | 1.47 |
| yd2 | 3.90 | 4.07 | 4.36 | 3.79 | 2.82 | |
| 2 | yd1 | 1.81 | 1.80 | 0.55 | 1.79 | 1.10 |
| yd2 | 1.78 | 1.82 | 2.25 | 1.81 | 1.69 | |
| 3 | yd1 | 4.76 | 5.02 | 5.46 | 4.81 | 1.05 |
| yd2 | 5.46 | 5.80 | 6.22 | 5.50 | 0.73 | |
| 4 | yd1 | 6.29 | 6.92 | 10.02 | 6.44 | 2.38 |
| yd2 | 7.02 | 7.87 | 12.11 | 6.93 | 1.28 | |
| 5 | yd1 | 4.51 | 4.59 | 1.77 | 4.59 | 1.77 |
| yd2 | 5.57 | 5.91 | 6.10 | 5.63 | 1.08 | |
| 均值 | 5.15 | 1.54 |
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