中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1784-1793.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.029

• 工程前沿 • 上一篇    

基于模型标定与泵阀动态匹配的液压挖掘机启动压力冲击改善

郭煜杰1,2(), 陈俊翔1,2, 艾超1,2(), 孔祥东1,2   

  1. 1.燕山大学起重机械关键技术全国重点实验室, 秦皇岛, 066004
    2.燕山大学河北省重型机械流体动力传输与控制实验室, 秦皇岛, 066004
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 艾超
  • 作者简介:郭煜杰,男,1999年生,博士研究生。研究方向为液压元件、控制系统优化设计。发表论文5篇。E-mail:guoyujie@stumail.ysu.edu.cn
    艾超*(通信作者),男,1982年生,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为液压元件优化设计、流体传动与控制。E-mail:aichao@ysu.edu.cn
    第一联系人:张济民*(通信作者),男,1969年生,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向为车辆系统动力学。发表论文45篇。E-mail:zjm2011@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52475073);河北省自然科学基金(E2025203189);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD25069008)

Improvement of Starting Pressure Impact on Hydraulic Excavator Based on Model Calibration and Dynamic Matching of Pump Valve

GUO Yujie1,2(), CHEN Junxiang1,2, AI Chao1,2(), KONG Xiangdong1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Crane Technology,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei,066004
    2.Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei,066004
  • Received:2025-07-21 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-08-18
  • Contact: AI Chao

摘要:

针对液压挖掘机启动阶段泵阀匹配滞后导致的压力冲击大与速度振荡问题,提出了基于动力学参数标定与泵阀动态匹配的旁路节流-进油节流混合调速方法。构建含连续可微摩擦项的拉格朗日动力学模型,采用激励轨迹优化与最小二乘法辨识惯性参数和摩擦模型参数,并设计基于神经网络的压力反馈控制器,实现主泵排量与卸荷阀开度的动态匹配。试验表明,该方法在保持速度响应的同时使启动压力冲击减小19.12%~35.43%,提高了启动平稳性与操控性。

关键词: 液压挖掘机, 动力学模型, 泵阀匹配, 压力冲击

Abstract:

This paper addresses the problem of excessive pressure surge and speed oscillation during the start-up phase of a hydraulic excavator, caused by lag in pump-valve matching. A hybrid speed regulation method is proposed based on dynamic parameter calibration and pump-valve dynamic matching. A Lagrangian dynamic model with a continuously differentiable friction term is constructed. The inertia parameters and friction model coefficients are identified via excitation trajectory optimization and the leasts-quares method. A neural-network-based pressure feedback controller is designed to achieve dynamic matching between the main pump displacement and the unloading valve opening. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the start-up pressure surge by 19.12% to 35.43% without compromising speed response, and significantly enhances start-up stability and maneuverability.

Key words: hydraulic excavator, dynamic modeling, pump-valve matching, pressure surge

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