多向折叠蜂窝共振超材料低频吸声功能设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对航空领域飞机舱内噪声控制中低宽频降噪与轻量化难以兼顾的难题，提出了一种多向折叠蜂窝结构（MFHS）吸声超材料设计方法。MFHS的吸声单元由蜂窝腔体与方形内插管构成。建立了基于共振原理的吸声理论模型，系统研究了内插管边长、内插管高度及腔体高度三个关键结构参数对吸声性能的影响规律，分析了多单元并联耦合性能以实现宽带吸声。为更好地实现轻量化目标，采用多向折叠的设计方法，并使用轻质材料制备样品。实验结果表明，所制备的MFHS样品在400~1200 Hz频段内平均吸声系数达到0.85，结构厚度仅为35 mm，面密度低至7.04 kg/m²，实现了低频宽带高效吸声与轻量化的协同设计，为航空领域低频噪声控制提供了新思路。

关键词: 吸声超材料, 低频宽带, 共振吸声, 蜂窝腔体

Abstract:

To address the challenges of balancing low-frequency broadband noise reduction and lightweight design in aircraft cabin noise control within the aviation field， a design method for a multi-directional folded honeycomb structure （MFHS） acoustic metamaterial was proposed. The sound absorption unit of the MFHS was composed of a honeycomb cavity and a square insert tube. A theoretical sound absorption model was established based on the resonance principle， and the influence laws of three key structural parameters（the side length and height of the insert tube， and the length of the cavity） on the sound absorption performance were systematically investigated. The coupled performance of multiple units in parallel was analyzed to achieve broadband sound absorption. To better achieve the lightweight objective， a design method of multi-directional folding was adopted， and samples were fabricated using lightweight materials. Experimental results show that the fabricated MFHS sample achieves an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.85 in the frequency range of 400~1200 Hz， and the thickness of structure is only 35 mm， the areal density is as low as 7.04 kg/m². This realizes the synergistic design of low-frequency broadband efficient sound absorption and lightweight， offering a new idea for low-frequency noise control in the aviation field.

Key words: acoustic absorption metamaterial, low-frequency broadband, resonant sound absorption, honeycomb cavity

中图分类号:

TB535

孟珂璇, 梁庆宣, 丰佳明, 李红旭, 李涤尘. 多向折叠蜂窝共振超材料低频吸声功能设计[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(6): 1402-1409.

MENG Kexuan, LIANG Qingxuan, FENG Jiaming, LI Hongxu, LI Dichen. Functional Design of Low-frequency Sound Absorption in Multidirectional Folded Honeycomb Resonant Metamaterials[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(6): 1402-1409.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.013

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I6/1402

图/表 18

图1 MFHS结构设计

Fig.1 Structural design of the MFHS

图2 仿真计算的物理场设置和网格划分

Fig.2 Physical field setup and meshing for simulation calculation

图3 单元吸声系数的理论计算与仿真结果

Fig.3 Theoretical calculation and simulation results of sound absorption coefficient

图4 内插管边长d对吸声性能的影响

Fig.4 The influence of the side length d of the inner in-serted tube on the sound absorption performance

图5 内插管高度ln对吸声性能的影响

Fig.5 The influence of the height ln of the inner inserted tube on the sound absorption performance

图6 腔体高度Lc对吸声性能的影响

Fig.6 The influence of the cavity height Lc on the sound absorption performance

图7 两单元耦合吸声曲线

Fig.7 The sound absorption curve of two coupled units

图8 三单元耦合吸声曲线

Fig.8 The sound absorption curve of three coupled units

图9 折叠单元且具有不同连接处高度h的吸声曲线

Fig.9 Sound absorption curves of folded units with different connection heights h

图10 单元折叠N次结构示意图

Fig.10 Schematic of the structure folded N times in a unit

图11 折叠次数N对吸声性能的影响

Fig.11 The influence of folding times N on sound abs-orption performance

图12 不同折叠次数单元的质点速度分布图

Fig.12 Particle velocity distribution diagrams of units with different folding times

图13 MFHS内部空气腔结构示意图

Fig.13 Schematic of the internal air cavity structure of the MFHS

表1 MFHS各单元的具体结构参数

Tab.1 The specific structural parameters of each unit of the MFHS

单元编号	折叠次数	内插管边长 $d$ /mm	内插管高度 $l n$ /mm	腔体总高度 $L c$ /mm
1	3	5.0	23.0	65.0
2	2	5.0	22.0	61.0
3	2	5.0	23.0	54.0
4	2	4.7	17.0	55.5
5	2	4.8	19.0	49.0
6	2	4.6	14.5	50.0
7	2	4.7	14.0	49.0
8	2	4.4	11.5	45.5
9	1	4.4	10.0	46.7
10	1	4.6	12.5	38.5
11	1	4.5	9.2	41.3
12	1	4.8	9.8	38.5
13	0	4.8	11.3	33.0
14	0	4.4	7.2	33.0
15	0	4.3	9.9	24.0
16	0	4.6	9.6	25.0
17	0	4.5	10.2	21.0
18	0	4.8	9.3	22.7
19	0	4.6	8.7	20.0
20	0	4.7	8.7	19.0
21	0	5.4	11.2	19.0
22	0	4.7	7.8	17.3
23	0	5.1	7.9	18.3

表1 MFHS各单元的具体结构参数

Tab.1 The specific structural parameters of each unit of the MFHS

单元编号	折叠次数	内插管边长 $d$ /mm	内插管高度 $l n$ /mm	腔体总高度 $L c$ /mm
1	3	5.0	23.0	65.0
2	2	5.0	22.0	61.0
3	2	5.0	23.0	54.0
4	2	4.7	17.0	55.5
5	2	4.8	19.0	49.0
6	2	4.6	14.5	50.0
7	2	4.7	14.0	49.0
8	2	4.4	11.5	45.5
9	1	4.4	10.0	46.7
10	1	4.6	12.5	38.5
11	1	4.5	9.2	41.3
12	1	4.8	9.8	38.5
13	0	4.8	11.3	33.0
14	0	4.4	7.2	33.0
15	0	4.3	9.9	24.0
16	0	4.6	9.6	25.0
17	0	4.5	10.2	21.0
18	0	4.8	9.3	22.7
19	0	4.6	8.7	20.0
20	0	4.7	8.7	19.0
21	0	5.4	11.2	19.0
22	0	4.7	7.8	17.3
23	0	5.1	7.9	18.3

图14 MFHS样品

Fig.14 The sample of the MFHS

图15 方形阻抗管测试系统

Fig.15 Square impedance tube test system

图16 MFHS吸声系数仿真计算与实验测试结果

Fig.16 Simulation calculation and experimental test results of sound absorption coefficient of MFHS

图17 低频宽带吸声超材料性能对比

Fig.17 Performance comparison of low-frequency broadband sound absorption metamaterials

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