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Table of Content

    10 November 2011, Volume 22 Issue 21
    Study on Dynamics of Underwater Manipulator under Flow Influences 
    XIAO Chi-Hu, XU Guo-Hua
    2011, 22(21):  2521-2526. 
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    The hydrodynamics of a four function deep ocean electric manipulator were studied. Based on Morison equation and Lagrange method, a dynamics model of the underwater manipulator when flow exists was established.At last, through numerical calculation of hydrodynamics,the contribution of hydraulic resistance, buoyancy, sea steady flows and unsteady flows to manipulator's dynamics were studied. The results show that in underwater manipulator dynamics,buoyancy terms are the biggest and should be considered. The flow influence terms are smaller than buoyancy terms. The hydrodynamics caused by motion of manipulator are small enough to be ignored. 
    Research on Error Correction of Eddy Current Sensor
    MIAO En-Ming-1, 2, NIU Feng-Cheng-1, YA Yan-1
    2011, 22(21):  2527-2530. 
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    Using compensation algorithm of autoregressive distributed lag(ADL) model the errors of eddy current sensor were revised, and the measurement accuracy of eddy current sensor was improved. The characteristics of this method are low cost and effective. By comparison with multiple linear regression model, the advantages of autoregressive distributed lag model were verified in improving accuracy of eddy current sensor, and the engineering application of this method is better than that of multiple linear regression model.
    Biarc Approximation of Freeform Curves Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
    ZHENG Yong-Jian, WANG Yun-Feng, WANG Ke-Wei
    2011, 22(21):  2530-2535. 
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    In NC machining, the 2-D freeform curves are commonly approximated by a large number of line segments, and there are shortcomings in some aspects, such as errors, smoothness, program amounts, etc. To solve this problem, biarc approximation based on particle swarm optimization was proposed. In order to get the least arcs with the least approximation errors, a fitness function was established through the maximal approximation error and the maximal arc length, and the particle swarm optimization was used to find nodes of the biarcs. The test results show the availability and superiority of this method.
    Solar Focussing and Tracking Interlocks for Photovoltaic and Thermal Integration Device
    HU Zhi-Long, LIU Ju-Dong, WANG Cheng-Zhi, HUANG Chong-Meng, HOU Da-Pan, ZHANG Yao-Meng
    2011, 22(21):  2536-2540. 
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    The light focusing efficiency is largely influenced by the solar tracking accuracy of light focusing devices. A new interlock for solar tracking was discussed. The interlock device driven by two electric screws had the azimuth shaft and the elevation linkage frame, hence many condensing units were driven simultaneously and it can track the changes of solar elevation and azimuth synchronously. The tracking error analyses by analytical method and experiments show that the interlock device moves stably with high tracking accuracy and the light focusing efficiency has increased by 5%, and hence the photovoltaic generation cost is decreased.
    Research on Novel Driving Device and Metamorphic Characteristics for Parallel(Hybrid) Mechanism with Sliding-linear-drivers
    CHEN Hui-Beng-1, DIAO Hai-Ban-1, DENG Jia-Ming-1, XU Lin-Sen-2, YANG Ting-Li-1
    2011, 22(21):  2540-2545. 
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    This paper proposed that using a wire as driving devcie of a new higher accuracy linear driver, that is, the wire winded reel orderly by servo motor drive and drayed the working slider for a long linear reciprocating motion.And a new device that is a axial wire servo precise linear drive was designed,the structure and working principles were also introduced,the kinematics computation models were established.
    Column Structure Optimization of Super-heavy-duty CNC Floor Boring and Milling Machine
    TUN Feng-He-1, 2, JIAO Li-Jun-1, YANG Yo-Lin-1, WANG Ti-Hong-2
    2011, 22(21):  2546-2550,2603. 
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    According to finite element analysis, the laws of deformation and stress of a loaded column were obtained, and the natural frequency of each step and modes of column were also given. Taking the minimum compliances of the column as the objective and the volume as the constraint, a model of topology optimization of column was established. The sensitivity value of each section was used as the criterion of modification and removing of the topological units, and the sensitivity parameters were normalized, so the convergence speed was accelerated and the pathological load happened in optimization process was avoided effectively. Considering the casting technique of column, the optimization proposals of structure were given, and the optimized results were verified by finite element analysis method.
    Research on Grinding Method for Convex Curved Rake Face of Pinion Cutter
    LI Hua-Guang, ZHANG Shu-Ren, SHI Guo-Quan, SONG Lin-Sen
    2011, 22(21):  2551-2554,2608. 
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    According to the characteristics of new profiling carbide pinion cutter with convex curved rake, the machining process was designed by using kinematics method and theory of space curved surface family for envelopes surface , all the coordinate axes location and movement relationship were ascertained. A special machine for pinion cutter with convex curved rake was developed, then the cutter location for convex curved rake face with sine wave shape was obtained, and the grinding path was fitted. Experiment was done for the pinion cutter with 21 teeth and 5 modulus, the result validates the machining methods and the developed machine.Changing grinding parameters for 21 teeth, through detection and analysis of the results, three ranges of grinding wheel rotating speed and feedrate corresponding steady surface roughness are concluded.
    Study on Digital Modeling of Spiral Grooves with Variable Parameters for Deep Hole Twist Drills
    XIAO Sai-Lai-1, 2, ZHOU Zhi-Xiong-1, ZUO Xiao-Chen-2, SUN Zhen-Mei-2, SHANG Ai-Min-1, 2, LA Ren-Gao-3
    2011, 22(21):  2555-2559. 
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    Based on the enveloping theory without instantaneous center, this paper established a mathematical model of a spiral groove with variable parameters for deep hole twist drills. A digital model for 3D spiral entity with variable parameters was realized by using B-spline interpolation algorithm and 3D modeling tools in software UG NX, and the analyses and discussions over the model were conducted. As a result, a precise 3D modeling method for spiral groove with variable parameters was proposed. The results obtained from experiments indicate that the twist drill with variable parameter spiral grooves can reduce the chip removal resistance effectively in deep hole drilling processes.
    Research on Proactive Scheduling of Mould Shop Floor with Uncertain Processing Times
    TUN Li-Hua, CHEN Xin-Du, CHEN Qiang-Xin, CHEN Xin
    2011, 22(21):  2560-2566. 
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    Due to non-repetitive manufacturing of mould & die industry, the processing time of operations is random uncertainty. Hence, it is difficult to make a reasonable and feasible baseline schedule in the mould shop floor. To deal with this problem, a proactive scheduling algorithm with uncertain processing times was proposed herein. Firstly, how did two critical operations in the mould finishing stage to impact the stability of whole manufacturing system was analyzed. Based on the characteristics of uncertainty of processing time quota, a discrete probability model of processing time uncertainty was developed. Secondly, a proactive scheduling model of two-stage flow shop was built, whose objective was schedule stability. Furthermore, a width-variable beam search(VBS) algorithm was presented for solving the proactive scheduling model. Finally, the comparative analysis with the fixed width beam search(FBS) was pursued. And, the computational results show that the presented algorithm has a good balance between solution quality and computation time.
    Task Allocation Optimization for Supplier Involvement in Cooperative Product Development
    JING Yi-1, WANG,XU 1, LI Wen-Chuan-2
    2011, 22(21):  2566-2571. 
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    For the characteristics of supplier involvement in cooperative product development and the requirements of task allocation, a bi-level programming was proposed to establish from the manufacturing enterprise' viewpoint. The objective of the upper level was strategy tightness which should be maximized, and the objective of the low level was development time which should be minimized. The constraint of the upper level was the strategic position of strategic supplier, whereas the constraints of the low level were the quantity of subtask, development time and development cost, which supplier could be assumed. The bi-level programming was transformed to the intuitionistic fuzzy form. And the quantum genetic algorithm(QGA) was used to solve the instance. Allocation optimization of subtasks was realized, so as to ensure the accomplishment time of product development and the close cooperation between manufacturing enterprise and suppliers.
    LSSVM Based on PSO and Its Applications to Time Series Prediction
    ZHANG Xian, WANG Hong-Li
    2011, 22(21):  2572-2576. 
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    In order to improve the generalization performance and prediction accuracy of LSSVM based time series prediction, a PSO based LSSVM was studied. Firstly, a certain number of LSSVMs were trained by using training samples and then cross-validation error was applied to evaluate the generalization performance of the LSSVMs. Finally, PSO was applied to search for the optimal LSSVM with the smallest cross-validation error. Experiments on time series prediction indicate that LSSVM optimized by PSO has better prediction performance than that not optimized and conventional prediction methods.
    Study on Holospectrum Based on Spectrum Refining and Correction of Phase Difference
    DU Wei, SHANG Bao-Beng, CHEN Ren-Xiang
    2011, 22(21):  2577-2582. 
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    A new method of holospectrum based on zoom spectrum and correction of phase difference was put forward against to the lower precision of traditional holospectrum in intensive spectrum environment.First, it took complex analytical band-pass filter to conduct zoom,analysed the local range, the center of which was order frequency, and then the impact of intensive spectrum could be eliminated by increasing the frequency resolution. With correction of phase difference for the max peak, the amplitude and phase of each order frequency can be acquired.At last, the holospectrum was synthesized.Through simulation and analysis of flexible rotor's vibration signals,the results show that it has higher precision in practice and can diagnose the rotation machinery fault more accurately and more effectively.
    New Method Based on Fault-tolerant Adaptive SVM to Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic Pump
    TUN Dan-1, 2, JIN Min-1
    2011, 22(21):  2582-2587. 
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    According to poor performance of the traditional method in large dataset and strong noise environment, the various kinds of fault class and atrocious work conditions of hydraulic pumps,a novel state recognition method called fault-tolerant adaptive SVM (FTASVM) was proposed herein. It achieved a fast classification by: ①importing fault-tolerant;②selecting the binary SVMs which can divide one class from all other classes; ③selecting the binary SVMs with the fewest average number of support vectors (SVs); ④To improve the adaptability of multi-fault diagnosis,an incremental learning algorithm was imported to train the model. In order to verify the superiority of FTASVM , it was applied to the fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump of concrete pump truck. Experiments demonstrate FTASVM can speed up the test phase remarkably and remain the high accuracy of classification.
    Kinematical Optimum Method for Five-axis Flank Milling Complex Surfaces
    ZHANG Li-Jiang-1, WANG Ke-Yong-1, WANG Yu-Han-2
    2011, 22(21):  2588-2593. 
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    The overcut problem and low efficiency in five-axis flank milling can be made possibly due to tool axis motion, therefore a kinematic method based on adaptive control was presented herein to solve this problem. The kinematical model was constructed and analyzed in every cutter location segment. Then the tool motion effect on chip removal was analyzed and tool axis motion constraints were determined. The five-axis milling process was simulated in a virtual environment, and a simple controller was adaptively tuned to operate the machine at threshold levels by manipulating the tool axis feedrate. The process was optimized by varying the feed as the tool-workpiece engagements varied along the toolpath, and the resulting outputs were stored at each position. Experiments show that the method is feasible and may become a powerful tool in flank milling process.
    Milling Cutter Swept Volume Modeling and Cutting Simulation Based on Velocity Anisotropy of Cutter Surface
    YANG Jian-Zhong, DU Xuan, HUANG Ke, WANG Bao-Shan, BANG Fang-Yu
    2011, 22(21):  2593-2597. 
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    Based on the geometric features of revolution solids and the differences of the velocity of points on cutter surface, a sphere model of revolution solid was constructed. The cutter's swept profile was determined by this model. By integrating the swept profiles, the cutter's swept envelope can be constructed,and then the simulation was carried out to verify the validation. The proposed method, taking account of machine tool kinematic chain and the velocity of cutter undergoing multi-axis, the swept volume of a flat cutter is determined straightforward without complicated equations and numerical analyses.
    Order Energy Demodulating Approach Based on Chirplet Path Pursuit and Its Application to Gear Tooth Crack Fault Diagnosis
    CHEN Xiang-Min, XU De-Ge, LIN Ling-Zhi, PI Wei
    2011, 22(21):  2598-2603. 
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    Aiming at weak and hard to extract fault signals of gear tooth crack under varying rotate speeds, an order energy demodulating approach based on chirplet path pursuit was proposed and applied to the fault diagnosis of gear tooth crack under varying rotate speeds. In the proposed approach, the gear meshing frequency was acquired by chirplet path pursuit, and then the speed signals could be got. According to the speed signals,an even angle sampling was carried onto the raw signals to obtain angular domain stationary signals, then the bandpass filter and angular domain average were used to eliminate the influence of noise. At last, the instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous amplitude could be calculated by an energy operator demodulating, which was used to diagnose the fault of gear tooth crack. Application examples show that the proposed approach is an effective way to extract the fault feature of gear tooth crack under varying rotate speeds.
    Analyses for Natural Frequency of Laminated Composite Plates Using Refined Higher-order Theories
    HUANG Ling-Zhi, TUN Jin-Wu, LI Meng-Dun, GAO Re-Lei
    2011, 22(21):  2604-2608. 
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    An improved higher order method was used in calculating the natural frequency of a laminated composite plate because general calculation method was complicated. By calculating the equation of kinetic energy and potential energy, an equation of free vibration of laminated plate was established using Hamilton's principle and calculated the natural frequencies of plates. The influences of the laying angles, thickness ratio and the cross-elastic modulus ratio on the frequency of laminated composite plate were analyzed. It is shown that the natural frequency of antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates and antisymmetric cross-ply laminated plate can be calculated by using the algorithm, in addition, it is feasible to calculate the natural frequency of the random form of laying laminate.
    Dynamics Simulation for Stator and Rotor Meshing of Air Drilling Motor
    CHU Xiao-Hua, DAN Chang-Shuai, TONG Hua
    2011, 22(21):  2609-2612,2632. 
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    In order to study the relation between structural parameters and work efficiency or useful time, a nonlinear dynamics model of a load was presented for air drilling motor. The dynamics simulation was carried out using double parameter Mooney-Rivlin model, and the effects of interference fit and eccentricity changes on the stator rubber lining's stress, strain and friction torque were studied with the consideration of the material nonlinearity, pressure and inertia effect of the rotor on the rubber lining. The results indicate that, the changes of interference fit and eccentricity affect the friction torque of air drilling motor and stator rubber lining's stress and strain, and the effect of interference fit's change is more obvious. Adjusting the interference fit and eccentricity can increase the work efficiency and useful time of the air drilling motor.
    Controllability of Quality of Service in Web Service Workflow System Based on Variable Granularity
    GUO Chun-Li, LI Hai-Bei
    2011, 22(21):  2613-2618. 
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    Through analyzing what influence of business frequency on QoS,as well as the relationship between business frequency and system efficiency, a method about dynamic web service composition was proposed based on QoS which become controllable and multi-granularity, with corresponding algorithms. According to the business frequency, under the condition of few candidate services, the system took measures to make adaptive adjustment to its structure so that QoS of whole system was kept optimal. Simulation results indicate that this approach can continue fully to improve operation efficiency of web service workflow.
    Research on Ontology-based Knowledge Modeling for Rotor Faults
    ZHANG Hui-Fu, DI Xue-Lan, WEN Hong, CHEN An-Hua
    2011, 22(21):  2619-2623. 
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    For such shortcomings of the current method of rotor fault diagnosis knowledge representation as the lack of interchangeability in the field of terms, problems and their relationship as well as the lack of reasoning capacity and flexibility in the complex concepts etc, a new rotor fault knowledge system modeling and ontology-based rotor fault knowledge representation were proposed. The system included rotor fault types, vibration characteristics, sensitive parameters, fault causes and control measures. And the ontology evolution was hence implemented through the method based on the property and standard, and linked with the semantic environment. The knowledge was proved to be consistent in the ontology by designing the inheritance algorithms and the disjoint relation algorithm among the classes. 
    Simulation and Experimental Research on Jet Electrolytic Drilling
    ZHANG Hua-1, XU Jia-Wen-2, DIAO Jian-She-2
    2011, 22(21):  2624-2627. 
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    JED is a processing method without forming cathode or feed, which is different from the traditional ECM. Based on the theory of electric field, a two-dimensional mathematical model was established for JED. The model was validated by comparison of simulation and experimental results. The influence laws of machining quality with three important parameters were summarized by the comparative processes. Theses parameters included jet diameter, machining voltage and current. The results show that JED can obtain better hole quality with smaller nozzle under the same conditions of jet pressure and machining distance,the machining voltage should be higher than 120V, and the application of pulsed power supply in JED can improve the machining accuracy significantly compared with DC power. 
    A Small and General Precise Spray Forming Device for Forging Dies
    YU Wei-1, CHENG Yong-Ai-1, SUN You-Song-1, XIAO Sai-Nong-1, LI Wo-Guang-1, MO Dong-Jiang-2
    2011, 22(21):  2628-2632. 
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    A precise spray forming device for hot forging dies was designed and fabricated based on spray forming principles. The key design points and working characteristics of the device were introduced. A high-frequency induction furnace was used to melt metals. The intermediate pot was removed and melted metals flowed out and atomized from the furnace to save energy. The novel atomizing nozzle was restrictive and vertical with a single chink and six auxiliary holes. Ceramic molds and water-cooling receiver were adopted in deposition system. The nozzle could be moved up and down in Z direction and the stage could be moved in X direction and rotated around Z axis. By the nozzle eccentricity and combination of three motions, spray formed dies with square or round cavities could be formed. The primary experiments show that the device has some advantages such as simple structure, low cost, heating fast and general etc., suitable for research work on precise spray forming of small work pieces.
    Study and Application on Mechanical Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Cold Stretching Technology
    HAN Shu-1, 2, CHEN Hua-Dong-1, 2, LIU Quan-Kun-1, JIAN Ling-Yun-1, CHEN Cong-Sheng-1
    2011, 22(21):  2633-2637. 
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    Cold stretching technique was proposed in order to overcome the disadvantages of low yield strength for austenitic stainless steel(ASS). The key parameters for cold stretching were strain level and stain rate, and their influences on the material properties were investigated. Based on the control of different strain levels, the material parameters of strength, ductility and volume fraction of deformation-induced martensite were obtained. The results show that ASS's yield strength can be improved significantly by cold stretching technique and thus the wall thickness of pressure vessel can be substantially reduced. Meanwhile, ASS's ductility and toughness only to be minor affected, which will guarantee safe operation for pressure vessels. The test results also show that in the quasi-static conditions, the mechanical parameters of ASS are not sensitive to strain rate. However, too small strain rate will lead to occurrence of serrated yielding, which is called PLC effect.
    Simulation Analysis of Four-Wheel Drive for ZL50 Loader Based on Active Limited Slip Differential
    TUN Ti-Cheng, JI Xiao-Wei, XIE,PEI,FU Li-Xian
    2011, 22(21):  2638-2641. 
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    An electronic control hydraulic active limited slip differential(ELSD) and its control system were designed.Dynamics model of the driving process was conducted based on the drive system characteristics of ZL50 loader.A control algorithm of increment-PID was adopted to build imitating system that used in front and rear differential independently. Application for μ-slipt road shows that ELSD will confine tire slipping and improve whole loader driving performance.
    Operating Comfort Evaluation of Control Devices Based on Grey Relational Analysis
    LIU Meng-Zhou, GONG Lin-Bei, HU Jing, GE Mao-Gen
    2011, 22(21):  2642-2645. 
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    Aiming at the difficulties of quantitative analysis and objective evaluation of control device operating comfort, through the analyses of the characteristics of operating force, taking the minimum mean square as selecting principle, four parameters of control force comfort were proposed to form the evaluation index of control force comfort. Then, with the dispersion right method and the gray relational analysis method, an operating force comfort evaluation model of control devices was built to achieve objective evaluation of the operating force comfort. Finally, the feasiblity and reasonability of this method were proved by an example.