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Table of Content

    25 October 2011, Volume 22 Issue 20
    Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Hybrid Machine
    LI Ren-Jun-1, LIU Hong-Zhao-2, WANG Jing-Beng-1
    2011, 22(20):  2395-2398. 
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    The motion of constant velocity motor is detectable but uncontrollable in hybrid system. The strategy for control servomotor based on tracking the motion of constant velocity motor was proposed. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller in considering the uncertainties and external diterbance of the system was desigened for trajectory tracking of hybrid machine.The control gain was acquired by approximating the sum of uncertainties of the system on the basis of adaptive fuzzy control, and the chatter in sliding mode control was eliminated in the controller. 
    Analysis for 'Trap' Effect Influence Factors of Semi-fixed Abrasive Plate
    DIAO Ping, WANG Zhi-Wei, YUAN Ju-Long
    2011, 22(20):  2399-2403. 
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    Semi-fixed abrasive machining experiments were performed to analyze the influences of several factors on the 'trap' effect of SFAP.These influencing factors were as the concentration and size of large grains, hardness of SFAP,processing load and rotating speed of SFAP.The workpieces were damage-free single crystal silicon after polishing, its surface roughness Ra after semi-fixed machining was measured and adopted as the parameter of evaluating the extent of 'trap' effect.These work indicates that for large grains with certain size, when the number of large grains is not more than the threshold one, all large grains embed into SFAP.The 'trap' effect of SFAP decreases with the increase of large grain size, SFAP hardness, or processing load. 
    A Novel 3-DOF Serial Spherical Mechanism
    LI Dong-Can, YANG Sui-Xian
    2011, 22(20):  2403-2406. 
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    A novel 3-DOF RPR serial spherical mechanism was proposed herein for orientation operation on a spherical surface.The kinematic analysis and workspace of the proposed mechanism was also investigated.After setting up D-H coordinate system on the mechanism, the forward and inverse position solutions of the mechanism were explored.A numerical example of inverse solution
    was presented. Furthermore, the workspace of the mechanism was investigated with Monte Carlo method. The workspace maps of the mechanism were presented in two-dimension and three-dimension respectively.
    Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Rotary Electromagnet with Low Inertia
    MENG Ban, RUAN Jian, LI Qing
    2011, 22(20):  2407-2410,2459. 
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    A novel low inertia rotary electromagnet with coreless rotor structure was proposed.A mathematical model of the rotary electromagnet was established firstly and the simulation of its dynamic characteristics was performed. The simulation frequency width was 230Hz/-3dB,240Hz/-90° approximately and the simulation rise time for step response was about 4.3ms. In order to validate the accuracy of theoretical results, a special test rig was built and experimental study was performed.The experimental results are in a close agreement with the simulation results. The rotary electromagnet has excellent dynamic characteristics whose experimental frequency width is about 220Hz/-3dB,220Hz/-90° and experimental rise time is 5.6ms approximately. Therefore it is suitable to be used as electro-mechanical converter of 2D digital valve with high frequency response. 
    Research on Mathematical Models of High-precision Winding Displacement with Pressure-dependent Axial Clearance and Its Motion Control Algorithm
    BO Jun-1, HU Shi-Wei-1, CHEN Wen-Hua-1, WANG Xiao-Yun-1, LIN Gun-1, CHEN Gong-Bing-2
    2011, 22(20):  2411-2415. 
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    With the aim of solving such problems that liable to occur during the winding process as winding insert, collapse, close-packing, and its loose and irregular displacing,several mathematical models that of high-precision winding displacement with both uniform motion between windings and endpoint reentry motion were introduced.Through analyzing the principles of uniform motion between windings and endpoint reentry, accordingly the motion control algorithm for S curve acceleration and deceleration was developed and applied into a CNC winding machine. Based on the practice and application of the winding principles, the results show that the proposed mathematical models of high-precision winding displacement and its motion control algorithm have tackled the problem of close-packing windings on the CNC winding machine effectively.
    Effects of Rheological Model on Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness for Shear-thinning Lubricants
    LIU Jian-Beng-1, 2, ZHANG Xin-Xi-1, GU Qiang-Han-2, XU Chun-Zhan-2
    2011, 22(20):  2415-2418. 
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    Based on Carreau rheological model and Ree-Eyring rheological model,EHL simulation in line contact was presented for shear-thinning lubricants. Under the same operating condition EHL film thickness for the same lubricant based on different rheological models was obtained. Comparisons of EHL film thickness were conducted among simulation values and classical film thickness formulas values and experimental ones. The EHL film thickness based on Carreau rheological model matches with the published experimental results well. The results based on Ree-Eyring rheological model underestimate the real EHL film thickness and the results obtained using classical formulas overestimate it. It shows that the power-law rheological model can describe rheological characteristics of shear-thinning fluids better.
    Modeling and Simulation of Static Characteristics during Unloading of Vane Compressors
    SUN Tong-Sheng, HU De-Zhang, TANG Ling-Feng
    2011, 22(20):  2419-2422. 
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    In order to study static characteristics during unloading of vane compressors,flow models of fluid entering air intake and fluid entering unloading valve were built.It is found that the relation of dimensionless flow and pressure is parabolic and dimensionless flow decreases with the increasing of pressure by analysis of pressure and flow characteristics.Slope of pressure gain curve increases with ratio of outlet flow coefficient and inlet flow coefficient through research of pressure gain characteristics.At last,it is discovered that flow increases with displacement of sliding pole by means of displacement and flow curve. Static characteristics test of 22kW vane compressor verified the above conclusions.The research results provide important theoretical guidance for improvement of response speed and open-closing characteristics of unloading valve.
    Experimental Study on Effects of Grinding Way on Grinding Effectiveness with Grinding Head of Polishing Machine 
    SHAO Dun-Feng, XU Bin, LI Chong
    2011, 22(20):  2423-2427. 
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    In order to investigate the grinding effectiveness of different grinding heads, a mathematical model of grinding process with vertical spindle grinding head of polishing machine was established.The effectiveness of the model was verified by experiments. According to the results of theoretical analysis and experimental research,it is concluded that tiles are grinded by vertical spindle grinding head of polishing machine and the tile surface is not smooth. Machining way of tilting spindle grinding head grinding tiles was invented. A series of experiments with tilting spindle grinding head grinding tiles were performed,for grinding tiles tilting spindle grinding head with constant depth can improve the tile surface smoothness effectively.
    Multi-objective Intelligence Optimization for Scale-based Product Family without Platform Commonality
    CHAN Mi-Yuan-1, WANG Ke-Chi-1, 2, YUAN Ji-Jun-3
    2011, 22(20):  2428-2436. 
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    Without regard for commonality among products,an optimization of scale-based product family was equivalent to the optimization of the product in the family independently.Considering the complexity of optimization design of product family,CDSMOGA,a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on crowding distance sorting was proposed to solve the optimization problem of product family.The feasibility and effectiveness of proposed CDSMOGA were demonstrated by the optimization design of universal motor families. The simulation experiments also show that the whole performances of universal motor families obtained from CDSMOGA are evidently better than that in the previous literatures.
    A Level Set-based Size Optimization Method and Its Applications
    WANG Shu-Ting, CHEN Zhen-Xin, YANG Yong, ZHANG Wei-Guo
    2011, 22(20):  2437-2442. 
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    In order to construct a synthetically structural optimization model with topology, shape and size, a level set-based method was presented to characterize the geometric shape and parameter, accordingly, a level set-based size optimization model can be achieved. The structural geometry boundary was described with a level set function, by applying the compactly supported radial basis function with favorable smoothness and accuracy to interpolate the level set function. The expansion coefficients of interplant
     were regarded as the design variables which reflected the structural performance impacts of size. Furthermore, by combing the level set-based size optimization with the shape
    and topology optimization model, a unified optimization method was presented to carry out the structural dynamic optimization for continuum structure,which can fulfill the structural topology, shape and size optimization at the same time.

    geometry shape and parameter characterization;size optimization;shape and topology

    Combination Law of C-shape Plates of Huge Forging Press with Consideration of Manufacturing Errors
    LI Yi-Bei, HUANG Meng-Hui
    2011, 22(20):  2442-2446. 
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    Using MSC. Marc, a three-dimensional finite element model of a 800MN forging press was built, different combination modes of the load bearing structure caused by manufacturing errors were analyzed, the law of stress distribution under different combination modes and different load-bearing plate numbers were studied. Finally, the combination law of parallel load bearing structure
    was set up and laid a preliminary foundation for the stable running of the equipment,
    which ensured the force flow uniformly.
    Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform
    AI Shu-Feng
    2011, 22(20):  2446-2451. 
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    A novel method of bearing fault diagnosis based on demodulation technique of DTCWT.It is demonstrated that the proposed dual-tree complex wavelet transform has better shift invariance, reduced frequency aliasing effect and de-noising ability.The bearing fault vibration signals were firstly decomposed and reconstructed using dual-tree complex wavelet transform. Then the real and imaginary parts were obtained and the vibration signals were amplitude demodulated. In the end,the amplitude envelope and wavelet envelope spectrum were computed. Therefore, the characteristics of the bearing
    faults can be recognized according to the wavelet envelope spectrum. The experimental results show that fault diagnosis based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform can
    diagnose bearing faults effectively under strong noise conditions and reduce spectral aliasing.
    Rapid Prototyping Control System of Linear Motor Based on xPC Target
    YAN Guang-E, AI Wu, CHEN Bing
    2011, 22(20):  2452-2455. 
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    A rapid prototyping control system of linear motor using the xPC Target toolbox in MATLAB was set up and embedded industrial PC was used as the controller,together with the analog-digital conversion board, digital output board, encoder interface board and driver board. Then a nonlinear PID control algorithm with tracking differentiator was realized on the rapid prototyping control system. Experimental results show that the rapid prototyping control system of linear motor based on xPC target can achieve control algorithm built with Simulink directly and great flexibility,and the linear motor control system adopting nonlinear PID control algorithm with tracking differentiator has excellent dynamic-static performance and noise immunity.
    Evaluation of Vehicle Operating Force Comfort Based on Principal Component Analysis
    HU Jing, LIU Meng-Zhou, GONG Lin-Bei, JIANG Ceng-Jiang, GE Mao-Gen
    2011, 22(20):  2456-2459. 
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    Aiming at the quantitative analysis and objective evaluation of vehicle operating force comfort, using principal component analysis algorithm and the value function as well as the sum of weighted principal components, an evaluation model of the vehicle operating force comfort was established.Then,through multiple linear regression analysis,a regression equation between the vehicle operating force comfort and principal components was built for prediction and evaluation of the vehicle operating force comfort. 
    Research on Preparation and Measuring-control Technique for Actuator Powered by Electroactive Polymers
    HE Gong-Lin-1, 2, HONG Liang-1, TIE Xiao-Huang-1, LIU Wen-Guang-1
    2011, 22(20):  2460-2465. 
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    To develop theoretical instructions for application of ionic polymer-metal composite(IPMC) artificial muscle, a nafion-membrance with thickness of 0.5mm was made by sol-gel method. An IPMC actuator being capable of generating 22.5mN of thrust was prepared by plating a couple of platinum electrodes on
    dual-surfaces of the membrance.A visual measuring-control system was built for the actuator, and a CCD vision acquisition component used to capture the bending images of the IPMC was employed in the system. The 8-bit field average method and Roberts operator are utilized to smooth and sharpen the images. The gray threshold comparison method is used to extract the IPMC's contour and tip displacement. A driving circuit was designed for the IPMC's motion control. Experiments about the electromechanical-coupling characteristics and control characteristics of the IPMC were made.
    It is concluded that the thrust of the IPMC will increases largely as long as its thickness increases. It is also shown that the displacement error of the IPMC tip can be controlled
    within ±0.5mm by a closed-loop PI control method.
    Effects of Ovality Errors on Dynamics Stability of Elliptic Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings
    ZHANG Hong-Xian, XU Wu-Ban, WANG Tian-Jiang, CHEN Ji-Bing, LI Bing
    2011, 22(20):  2466-2469. 
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    An oil-film force model of a hydrodynamic journal bearing allowing for ovality errors was established.And the model was analyzed based on Sommerfeld number. The stability map of hydrodynamic journal bearings with roundness errors can be ploted using a dimensionless parameter op.The research shows that the ovality errors of hydrodynamic journal bearings have significant effects on the stability of hydrodynamic journal bearing systems.
    Fabrication of Hierarchical Bio-mimetic Gecko Hair Arrays Based on Laser Direct
    Writing 
    GENG Lu-Feng-1, XU Min-1, PU Dong-Lin-2, CHEN Lin-Sen-2, DAI Zhen-Dong-1
    2011, 22(20):  2469-2475. 
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    Inspired by gecko attachment system,a new method was proposed to fabricate hierarchical bio-mimetic gecko hair arrays by adopting laser direct writing.The fabrication process was controlled on computer. Single-layer pillars of different radial dimensions and axial dimension were fabricated. Based on the laser direct writing,three fabricating schemes of hierarchical structure were developed.Among them,'top-down method' made the second level structure buried in the structure of the first level by the regulation and control of the exposure time and development time, which effectively improve the connection strength between two arrays. Relationships of exposure depth and exposure time, development depth and development time were also established. This method of
    fabricating bio-mimetic gecko hair arrays has advantages of low cost and quantity production. 
    Damage Detection for Composites Based on Time Reversal Lamb Waves Method
    FENG Yong-Meng, ZHOU Li
    2011, 22(20):  2476-2480. 
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    An online damage detection and identification method was presented using time reversal Lamb waves method for continuously monitoring of CFRP composites.The principles and characteristics of the time reversal Lamb waves in a composite plate were introduced firstly.Then the time reversal method was adapted to detect the local defects in composite plate structures, by using an active sensing system mounted on a composite plate to excite and receive Lamb waves. This method can identify the location and size of the damage in a composite plate quickly without relying on past baseline
    date.The image that indicates the damage can be obtained by the RAPID algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Experimental Research on Tertiary Atomization of Viscous Liquid
    YANG Wei-Gong-1, 2, SONG Jin-Chun-1, CHEN Jian-Wen-1, TONG Kun-1
    2011, 22(20):  2481-2485. 
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    Experimental research on supersonic secondary atomization of viscous liquid and tertiary atomization of viscous liquid were carried out based on impinging-stream technology.Influence factors of tertiary atomization were analyzed. The results show that oil mist particle diameter decreases with the increase of intake pressure and compressed air flow; oil mist concentration decreases gradually with the increase of intake pressure; change rate of particle diameter decreases with the increase of Weber number.When Weber number is less than 5.376,change rate of particle diameter is larger than zero;
    when Weber number is more than 5.376, change rate of particle diameter is less than zero; when Weber number is at 22.81,maximum absolute value of change rate of particle diameter occurs and throat diameter of nozzle is the main influence factor of change rate value of particle diameter.
    Analysis of Customer Requirements in Product Planning Based on Incomplete Linguistic Preference Information
    GUO Qian-1, LI Yan-Lai-1, BO Yun-1, LUO Xin-Gang-2
    2011, 22(20):  2485-2489,2519. 
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    Customer requirement analysis is the basis for product planning.Due to the vagueness and incompleteness of customer preferences,a method was proposed on the basis of incomplete linguistic judgment matrices to analyse the importance of customer requirements.The method made sufficiently usage of preference information provided by each customer to construct a complete preference relation.By fusing all the complete preference into the collective one,a group preference relation was obtained in
    order to determine the importance ratings of customers' requirements.A practical example verified its feasibility and effectiveness.
    Crack Initiation Period-based Rest Life Prediction of Typical Parts
    SONG Shou-Hu, ZHANG Jing-Dong, LIU Zhi-Feng
    2011, 22(20):  2490-2494. 
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    Combining the method of finite element analysis with fatigue life prediction,fatigue fracture led by cyclic load was studied with crankshaft as the object. Based on the actual crack detection accuracy of the fatigue crack initiation limits as the size of the computational standard,the comprehensive stress and strain were obtained through finite element analysis,then using substructure analysis the spectrum of local maximum load nominal stress was calculated, integrated with fatigue life law the period of the crack initiation was goten precisely.The rest life prediction was realized based on
    the crack initiation.It provides a method to predict the rest of life for low stress high cycle fatigue led by cyclic load.
    Anti-erosion Analysis for Artillery Barrel Coated by Electrical Explosion Spraying Technology
    JIANG Chi-Lin-1, WANG Yan-Ni-2, 3, LIU Xin-4
    2011, 22(20):  2494-2497. 
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    Researches on the mechanism of improving anti-erosion in artillery barrel were done in order to enhance anti-erosion property of artillery barrel. Coating prepared by electrical explosion spraying technology was compared in performance with chrome plating. The experimental results show that coating prepared by electrical explosion spraying technology is significantly better in anti-erosion performance than coating prepared by chrome coating. Electrical explosion spraying technology is an effective method to prepare high quality coating for research of anti-erosion property of artillery barrel.
    Investigation on a New Combined Process of Preparing Al2O3 Coatings on Inner-face of TA1 Pipe-fittings with Complicated Shape
    GUO Xun-Zhong-1, DAO Jie-1, HONG Chao-1, TANG Qiao-Sheng-2
    2011, 22(20):  2498-2502. 
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    A new combined process of preparing the Al2O3 coatings on the inner surface of TA1 pipe-fittings with complicated shape was developed to improve the resistance of scouring abrasion and corrosion of substrate. The new process mainly included explosive welding, plastic forming and micro-arc oxidation. The phase composition and topography of Al2O3 coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.Bonding strength, corrosion resistance and anti scouring property of the coatings were also measured.The results indicate that the coatings are composed of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 with the thickness of 40μm and 10μm,respectively. The bonding strength can reach 55N between the prepared Al2O3 coatings and TA1 substrate.The corrosion current of coatings is 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of TA1 substrate.In addition,the Al2O3 coatings can protect substrate from scouring abrasion effectively.
    Research on Finite Element Simulation and Experiments for a Large Seat Cabin Frame of Airplane in Integral Forming Process
    SUN Jian-Jiang, WANG Gao-Chao, HUANG Yang-Xia
    2011, 22(20):  2503-2506. 
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    To study the integral forming of a large seat cabin frame for an air plane, finite element simulations for the integral forming of the aluminium alloy forging were carried out in software DEFORM-3D,in which the structure of the forging die and the billet were optimized.According to the simulation results, the forging die and the billet were produced, and then the billet was forged integrally on 10000 tons hydraulic press. The quality of the actual forging is very good. The studies indicate that the simulation results are in accord with the actual production ones nearly. Moreover, the optimization of the structure of the forging die and the billet was realized by finite element simulations for the integral forming of the large seat cabin frame, which reduces the times of the trial and error and improves the quality of the forging.
    Research on Intelligent Optical Inspection Platforms Used for Large-scale Products and Its New Progresses
    CHEN Hui-Beng-1, WANG Wei-1, DENG Jia-Ming-1, DING Shao-Hua-2, MA Zheng-Hua-1, LI Yun-Feng-1, YANG Ting-Li-1
    2011, 22(20):  2507-2512. 
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    This paper elaborated the research achievements and the latest progress of intelligent optical inspection equipment at home and abroad.First,8 equipment in China and 4 ones outside were introduced about their basic structure,characteristics and application occasions. Second,the detection mode was classified according to their relative motion between the platform and the camera.Finally,4 platforms were designed based on parallel mechanism, including 3-DOF plane mode, 3-DOF space mode, 5-DOF space mode and 6-DOF space mode,and the design idea and characteristics were described.The study lays foundations for development of new type of intelligent optical inspection equipment.
    Advances in Fluid Dispensing Technology for Micro-electronics Packaging
    SUN Dao-Heng, GAO Dun-Chuan, DU Jiang, JIANG Yi-Wen, DAO,WEI,WANG Ling-Yun
    2011, 22(20):  2513-2519. 
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    Fluid dispensing is a process to dispensing the fluid accurately in a controlled manner,it is one of the key technologies of microelectronics packaging.At present, there is an evolution in the fluid dispensing technology for applying fluids from contact methods to non-contact methods, such evolution will bring a great change for the dispensing industry.Based on the applications of dispensing technology in microelectronics packaging processes,dispensing technical development process was overviewed.Contrasting the features and performances of various methods,the non-contact jetting technology was mainly highlighted,including its key technologies and the evaluation standard of dispensing quality.