Abstract: In order to quickly obtain the two-dimensional distributions of full-field abrasive grains on grinding wheel, a rapid inspection system was established based on a linear array camera.The principles of the inspection system, the acquisition of clear picture without motion distortion and key algorithms of the image processing were studied.First, the hardware structure and the working principles of the inspection system were analyzed.Then, the Sobel operator of the eight-direction template and standard parts were used to complete the camera focusing and motion distortion image rectification.Then, the image was pretreated and the image after pretreatment was segmented by improved Otsu operator.Finally，the real coordinates and equivalent area of each abrasive grain was extracted.The experiments for a grain distributed single layer brazed diamond grinding wheel (grain number 35/40) show that totally 77.4 seconds are needed for full-field pictures capturing and grain coordinates and areas extracting, which meets the fast inspection requirements of single layer brazed diamond grinding wheel.

Key words: grinding wheel, linear array camera, camera focus, image rectification, improved Otsu operator

摘要： 为了快速获取单层钎焊金刚石砂轮表面全场磨粒的二维分布信息,提出了一种基于线阵相机的快速测量方法。对检测系统的原理、清晰无运动失真图像的获取、图像处理关键算法等进行研究。首先给出了检测系统的硬件构成与检测系统的工作原理；使用8方向模板的Sobel算子和标准件,完成相机对焦和运动失真图像矫正,然后对预处理的图像采用改进的阈值分割法Otsu算子对图像进行分割,最后实现了磨粒坐标及等效面积等二维特征量的提取。对磨粒有序排布的单层钎焊砂轮（粒度号35/40）进行测量实验，实验结果表明，系统从拍摄砂轮全场磨粒图像到获取磨粒坐标及等效面积所用的时间为77.4 s，可满足对单层钎焊砂轮的全场磨粒快速测量的要求。

关键词: 砂轮, 线阵相机, 相机对焦, 图像矫正, 改进型Otsu算子