Abstract: In order to grasp the alignment status of diesel power plants in real time, a monitoring system was designed based on position sensitive detectors. Firstly, a measurement method for position and posture was proposed based on position sensitive detectors, and a nonlinear equation group incorporating position and posture was formed. By means of position and posture transformation, the alignment deviation and opening angle changes were obtained. Secondly, high-precision measurement of the constants in the equation group was achieved through the sensor bracket components. Through hardware and software design, a measurement system was formed. A composite iterative algorithm was designed to ensure fast and accurate solution of the equations based on simple Newtons method. Finally, the accuracy of the measurement system was analyzed and validated using a four-dimensional platform. The experimental results show that the monitoring system has low noise, with a deviation noise of less than 0.005 mm and an angle noise of less than 0.01°. The accuracy is greatly affected by the incident direction of the laser, with a maximum deviation measurement errors isless than 0.02 mm and a maximum opening angle measurement errors is less than of 0.019° under the best incident direction. This system will be used for monitoring the alignment status of domestic diesel power plants.

Key words: marine power plant, position and posture measurement, misalignment monitor, compound iterative algorithm

摘要： 为了实时掌握柴油机动力装置的对中状态，设计了一种基于位敏传感器的对中监测系统。首先提出了基于位敏传感器的位姿变化测量方法，形成包含位姿变化的非线性方程组，通过位姿转换获得对中变化；其次通过传感器支架组件实现对方程组常量的高精度测量，通过软硬件设计形成测量系统，设计了基于简单牛顿法的复合迭代算法，保证方程组快速、准确求解；最后对测量系统的精度进行了分析，并采用四维平台进行了验证。试验结果表明：对中监测系统噪声小，偏差量噪声在0.005 mm以下，开口角噪声在0.01°以下；精度受激光入射方向影响较大，最佳入射方向下，偏差量监测精度可达0.02 mm，开口角监测精度可达0.019°。该系统将用于国产柴油机动力装置的对中监测。

关键词: 船舶动力装置, 位姿测量, 对中监测, 复合迭代算法