Abstract: There were two forces that promoted the development of gear measurement technology. One was the continuous new requirements for gear measurement put forward by industrial development, and the other was the penetration of continuously improving related technologies in the field of gear measurement. Since the 21st century, the convergence of these two forces promoted the rapid development of gear measurement technology. Based on a brief review of the evolution of gear accuracy theory and gear measurement technology in the 20th century, the basic framework of gear generalized accuracy theory was put forward. The gear measurement technology during the last 20 years was systematically summarized from the aspects of gear full-information measurement technology, in-site rapid gear sorting and detection technology, extreme measurement technology for extra-large gears and micro gears, high-precision gear artifacts and traceability, etc. There is more than 100 years since the beginning of gear precision measurement, and it is currently in the critical stage of the transition from the 3rd generation to the next-generation of gear measurement. The overall technical concept of next-generation of gear measurement was presented, the basic theory and key technical problems that must be overcome were listed for realizing the next-generation of gear measurement, and the research focus and scientific issues of gear measurement in the next 10 years were prospected.

Key words: gear, gear measurement, gear instrument, accuracy theory, extreme measurement, gear artifact

摘要： 推动齿轮测量技术发展的力量有两股，一是齿轮产业发展对齿轮测量不断提出的新要求，二是不断进步的关联技术在齿轮测量领域的渗透。21世纪以来，这两股力量的交汇推动了齿轮测量技术的快速发展。在简要回顾20世纪齿轮精度理论和齿轮测量技术演变的基础上，提出了齿轮广义精度理论的基本要义，从齿轮全信息测量技术、面向生产现场的齿轮在线快速分选检测技术、面向特大齿轮和微小齿轮的极端测量技术、高精度齿轮样板及量值传递等多个方面系统归纳了20年来齿轮测量技术的新发展。齿轮精密测量肇始至今已历经百多年，目前处在第三代齿轮测量向下一代齿轮测量跨越的关键阶段。提出了下一代齿轮测量的整体技术构想，列出为实现下一代齿轮测量必须攻克的基础理论和关键技术问题，展望了未来10年齿轮测量的研究重点和科学问题。

关键词: 齿轮, 齿轮测量, 齿轮仪器, 精度理论, 极端测量, 齿轮样板