[学科发展]润滑研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 过去20余年，薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、生物润滑、绿色润滑、微量润滑等取得了重要进展。最近10余年，超滑、仿生润滑、智能润滑与监测，以及摩擦学测试技术和模拟仿真技术等研究飞速发展。微观研究已经成为润滑研究的主要手段，面向风力发电机、高铁、深空探测、深海探测、大飞机、超高速飞行器、新能源汽车等领域的润滑与密封和绿色近零排放润滑研究已经成为工业界关注的焦点。超滑作为润滑领域的新型颠覆性技术，逐步显示出其在工业生产和人类日常生活中的应用优势与勃勃发展生机。生物润滑包括人类器官中的摩擦与润滑和仿生学研究，在人类健康生活方面展示出重要作用。极端环境（高温、超低温、真空、高压等）摩擦与润滑，在卫星、火箭、舰艇、核电站及其他国防设施上用途广泛。而智能润滑等新兴领域发展，也将智能化应用到润滑领域，为设备的智能运行和制造提供了新的思路。在此，对润滑领域几个重要发展方向，如超滑、薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、智能润滑、生物仿生学、绿色摩擦与润滑，以及摩擦学测试方法等方面进行回顾，介绍了国内外同行最新研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。

关键词: 润滑, 超滑, 摩擦学, 绿色润滑, 生物润滑

Abstract: In the past 20 years, thin film lubrication, nano lubrication, friction and lubrication under extreme conditions, biological lubrication, green lubrication and minimal quantity lubrication made important progresses. In recent 10 years, the research on superlubricity, bionic lubrication, intelligent lubrication and monitoring, tribological testing technology and simulation technology was developed rapidly. Micro research became the main means of lubrication research, and the research on lubrication and sealing for wind turbine, high-speed rail, deep space exploration, deep sea exploration, large aircraft, ultra-high speed aircraft, new energy vehicles and so on became the focus of industry, and the research on green lubrication and near zero emission lubrication became the focus of enterprises. As a new subversive technology in the field of lubrication, superlubricity gradually showed unparalleled advantages and vitality in industrial productions and human daily life. Biological lubrication, including friction and lubrication in human organs and bionic research, played an important role in human healthy life. Friction and lubrication under extreme conditions (high temperature, ultra-low temperature, vacuum, high pressure, etc.) were widely used in satellite, rocket, ship, nuclear power station and other national defense facilities. The development of intelligent lubrication and other emerging fields also applied intelligence to the field of lubrication, which provided a new idea for the intelligent operation and manufacturing of equipment. Several important development directions in the field of lubrication, such as superlubricity, thin film lubrication, nano lubrication, extreme friction and lubrication, intelligent lubrication, bio bionics, green friction and lubrication, and tribology test methods were reviewed herein. The latest research progresses of peers at home and abroad were introduced, and looked forward to the future.

Key words: lubrication, superlubricity, tribology, green lubrication, biological lubrication

中图分类号:

TH117

谭新峰, 雒建斌. [学科发展]润滑研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程.

TAN Xinfeng, LUO Jianbin. Research Advances of Lubrication[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

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