一种多轴数控机床末端静刚度快速辨识方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提出了一种基于可加载式球杆仪的圆运动对多轴机床末端（刀具和工作台）静刚度进行辨识的方法。设计了一种特殊的可加载式球杆仪，能同时测量仪器两端所承受的力和发生的位移，利用该仪器能测量出数控机床末端在不同载荷下所产生的变形误差。将加工空间内机床末端静刚度分解为沿坐标轴x、y和z的方向刚度，建立了一种基于圆运动的刚度辨识模型，利用球杆仪在机床oxz、oyz和oxy平面内进行圆运动轨迹测试，得到机床末端在不同载荷下的变形误差，进而通过刚度辨识模型得到机床的方向刚度。三轴数控铣削机床刚度测试实验结果和仿真结果的一致性证明了所提出方法的有效性。该测试方法简单，仪器轻便，不需要大型和重型的加载设备，适合于工业现场条件。

关键词: 加载式球杆仪, 数控机床, 静刚度, 末端变形, 误差测量

Abstract: A new method to identify the static stiffnesses of ends of a multi axis machine tool(cutting tool and table) was presented based on a loaded ball bar and circular motion. A kind of special loading ball bar was designed to measure both of the forces and displacements of the instrument, and the deformation errors of CNC machine tools at different loads might be measured by the instrument. The static stiffnesses of machine tool ends were decomposed into x, y and z along the coordinate axis, and a stiffness identification model was established based on circular motions. The deformation errors of the ends of the machine under different loads were obtained by the circular motion tests, which were carried out in the machine tool oxz, oyz and oxy planes by using the ball bar. Then the stiffnesses of the machine tool were obtained by the stiffness identification model. Through the comparison of the three axis CNC milling machine stiffness tests and simulation results, the effectiveness of the method was proved by the consistency between simulation results and experimental results. The method is simple and the instrument is portable. The method is suitable for industrial field conditions where the large and heavy loading equipment were not required.

Key words: loaded ball bar, CNC machine tool, static stiffness, deformation of end, error measurement

中图分类号:

TG502

陈光胜, 郑庆振. 一种多轴数控机床末端静刚度快速辨识方法[J]. 中国机械工程.

CHEN Guangsheng, ZHENG Qingzhen. A Rapid Identification Method for Stiffness among Ends of Multi-axis CNC Machine Tools[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

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