离子液体在微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2022.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用电镀CBN砂轮，以镍基合金GH4169为工件材料，实验研究了两种离子液体的微量润滑磨削加工性能，分别是1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(［BMIM］BF4)和1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(［HMIM］BF4)，并采用分子动力学模拟，揭示了离子液体在磨粒/工件界面物理吸附膜的形成机制，进一步开展了工件已加工表面的X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析，揭示了离子液体在磨粒/工件界面化学反应膜的形成机制。研究结果表明：上述两种离子液体适合作为磨削液应用于微量润滑磨削加工中，既能较干磨大幅降低磨削比能和磨削力比，提高工件已加工表面质量，又能较干磨大幅降低磨削温度达100 ℃以上，避免磨削烧伤；磨粒磨钝表面由于微破碎所形成的凹槽状断口是离子液体进入磨粒/工件界面的输运通道，离子液体分子通过吸附在凹槽状断口内形成边界润滑膜，通过减小磨粒工件之间的直接接触面积来减小摩擦力；在微量润滑磨削加工过程中，以上两种离子液体均与工件在磨削界面上发生化学反应，形成了氟化物与氧化物共存的化学反应膜。

关键词: 磨削, 微量润滑, 离子液体, 摩擦学机理, 分子动力学

Abstract: The grinding properties of two kinds of ionic liquids serving as grinding fluids were investigated experimentally under MQL, which were 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (［BMIM］BF4) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (［HMIM］BF4), respectively, with electroplated CBN grinding wheel and with nickel-based alloy GH4169 as workpiece material. And molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to reveal the formation mechanism of the physical adsorption film formed by the ionic liquids on the grain/workpiece interfaces. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis was carried out on the machined surfaces of the workpieces to reveal the formation mechanism of the chemical reaction film on the grain/workpiece interfaces. The results show that the two kinds of ionic liquids above are suitable for serving as grinding fluids under MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the ionic liquids may greatly reduce specific grinding energy and grinding force ratio, and improve the grinding quality of the machined surfaces of the workpiece, as well may greatly reduce grinding temperature up to more than 100 ℃, and avoid grinding burn. The fractured grooves on the grain wear flat areas due to micro-crushing are the transport channels for ionic liquids to enter into the grain/workpiece interfaces. The ionic liquid molecules may absorb in the fractured grooves to form boundary lubrication film, which may reduce the friction forces by decreasing the direct contact areas between the abrasive grains and the workpieces. During MQL grinding processes, the chemical reaction films consisting of fluoride and oxide are formed by the chemical reaction between the two kinds of ionic liquid and the workpieces on the grinding interfaces.

Key words: , grinding, minimum quantity lubrication（MQL）, ionic liquid, tribological mechanism, molecular dynamics

中图分类号:

TG580

王德祥, 赵齐亮, 张宇, 高腾, 江京亮, 刘国梁, 李长河, . 离子液体在微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 560-568，606.

WANG Dexiang, ZHAO Qiliang, ZHANG Yu, GAO Teng, JIANG Jingliang, LIU Guoliang, LI Changhe, . Investigation on Tribological Mechanism of Ionic Liquid on Grinding Interfaces under MQL[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(05): 560-568，606.

参考文献

［1］Van VALKENBURG M E, VAUGHN R L, WILLIAMS M, et al. Thermochemistry of Ionic Liquid Heat-transfer Fluids［J］. Thermochimica Acta, 2005, 425(1/2)：181-188.
［2］汪福宪. 石墨烯/离子液体集热纳米流体的热物性及光热转换性能［D］. 广州：华南理工大学, 2013.
WANG Fuxian. Thermophysical Property and Solar-thermal Convertion Efficiency of Graphene/Ionic Liquid Nanofluids for Solar Collectors［D］. Guangzhou：South China University of Technology, 2013.
［3］HOFFMANN J F, VAITILINGOM G, HENRY J F, et al. Temperature Dependence of Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of Seven Vegetable Oils in View of Their Use as Heat Transfer Fluids in Concentrated Solar Plants［J］. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2018, 178：129-138.
［4］DWECK J, SAMPAIO C M S. Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Commercial Vegetable Oils in Air by Simultaneous TG/DTA［J］. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004, 75(2)：385-391.
［5］CAI M, YU Q, LIU W, et al. Ionic Liquid Lubricants:When Chemistry Meets Tribology［J］. Chemical Society Reviews, 2020, 49：7753-7818.
［6］PHAM M Q, YOON H S, KHARE V, et al. Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as Lubricants in Micro Milling-process Capability and Sustainability［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 76：167-173.
［7］GOINDI G S, JAYAL A D, SARKAR P. Application of Ionic Liquids in Interrupted Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining of Plain Medium Carbon Steel:Effects of Ionic Liquid Properties and Cutting Conditions［J］. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018, 32：357-371.
［8］DEL SOL I, GMEZ A J, RIVERO A, et al. Tribological Performance of Ionic Liquids as Additives of Water-based Cutting Fluids［J］. Wear, 2019, 426/427：845-852.
［9］WANG X, LI C, ZHANG Y, et al. Vegetable Oil-based Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication Turning:Academic Review and Perspectives［J］. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020, 59：76-97.
［10］GARCIA M V, LOPES J C, DINIZ A E, et al. Grinding Performance of Bearing Steel Using MQL Under Different Dilutions and Wheel Cleaning for Green Manufacture［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 257：120376.
［11］GUO S, LI C, ZHANG Y, et al. Experimental Evaluation of the Lubrication Performance of Mixtures of Castor Oil with Other Vegetable Oils in MQL Grinding of Nickel-based Alloy［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 140：1060-1076.
［12］SILVA L R, CORRA E C S, BRANDAO J R, et al. Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing:Behavior Analysis of Minimum Quantity of Lubricant-MQL in Grinding Process［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 256：103287.
［13］AWALE A S, VASHISTA M, YUSUFZAI M Z K. Multi-objective Optimization of MQL Mist Parameters for Eco-friendly Grinding［J］. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020, 56：75-86.
［14］SHARMIN I, MOON M, TALUKDER S, et al. Impact of Nozzle Design on Grinding Temperature of Hardened Steel under MQL Condition［J］. Materials Today:Proceedings, 2021, 38：3232-3237.
［15］QU S, GONG Y, YANG Y, et al. An Investigation of Carbon Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Grinding Unidirectional Carbon Fibre-reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 249：119353.
［16］GAO T, LI C, JIA D, et al. Surface Morphology Assessment of CFRP Transverse Grinding Using CNT Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 277：123328.
［17］ZHANG J, WU W, LI C, et al. Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient Model under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication Coupled with Cryogenic Air Grinding Ti-6Al-4V［J］. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 2021, 8(4)：1113-1135.
［18］张高峰, 李景焘, 王志刚, 等. 低温冷风纳米粒子微量润滑磨削轴承钢试验研究［J］. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(19)：2342-2348.
ZHANG Gaofeng, LI Jingtao, WANG Zhigang, et al. Experimental Study on Nano-CMQL Grinding of Bearing Steels［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 30(19)：2342-2348.
［19］SATO B K, LOPES J C, RODRIGUEZ R L, et al. Novel Comparison Concept between CBN and Al2O3 Grinding Process for Eco-friendly Production［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 330：129673.
［20］王德祥, 孙树峰, 唐沂珍, 等. 微量润滑磨削界面的分子动力学模拟［J］. 西安交通大学学报, 2020, 54(12)：168-175.
WANG Dexiang, SUN Shufeng, TANG Yizhen, et al. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Grinding Interface under Minimum Quantity Lubrication［J］. Journal of Xian Jiaotong University, 2020, 54(12)：168-175.
［21］FRISCH M J, TRUCKS G W, SCHLEGEL H B, et al. Gaussian 09［CP］. Wallingford, CT：Gaussian, Inc., 2010.
［22］LOS J H, KROES J M, ALBE K, et al. Extended Tersoff Potential for Boron Nitride:Energetics and Elastic Properties of Pristine and Defective h-BN［J］. Physical Review B, 2017, 96(18)：1-11.
［23］BONNY G , TERENTYEV D , PASIANOT R C, et al. Interatomic Potential to Study Plasticity in Stainless Steels:the FeNiCr Model Alloy［J］. Modelling & Simulation in Materials Science & Engineering, 2011, 19(8)：085008.
［24］LIU Z, HUANG S, WANG W, et al. A Refined Force Field for Molecular Simulation of Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids［J］. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108(34)：12978-12989.
［25］MOORE D F. Principles and Applications of Tribology［M］. Oxford：Pergamon Press, 1975.
［26］孙建芳, 李傲松, 苏峰华, 等. 表面织构钛合金的干摩擦和全氟聚醚油润滑下的摩擦学性能研究［J］. 摩擦学学报, 2018, 38(6)：658-664.
SUN Jianfang, LI Aosong, SU Fenghua, et al. Tribological Property of Titanium Alloy Surface with Different Texture Structure under Dry Friction and Perfluoropolyether Lubrication［J］. Tribology, 2018, 38(6)：658-664.

[1]	杨简彰, 王成勇, 袁尧辉, 袁松梅, 王西彬, 梁赐乐, 李伟秋. 微量润滑复合增效技术及其应用研究进展[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 506-528.
[2]	刘明政, 李长河, 曹华军, 张松, 陈云, 刘波, 张乃庆, 周宗明. 低温微量润滑加工技术研究进展与应用[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 529-550.
[3]	吕黎曙, 邓朝晖, 刘涛, 万林林, . 面向清洁生产的磨削工艺方案多层多目标优化模型及应用[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 589-599.
[4]	梁赐乐, 袁尧辉, 王成勇, 李伟秋, 杨简彰, 吴华艺. 微量润滑系统油雾调控及雾粒特性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 607-614.
[5]	衣明东, 王建平, 李传浩 , 许崇海, . 双重润滑条件下的刀具切削特性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(05): 615-622.
[6]	马玉豪, 李勇, 江磊, 丁国富. 断屑钻尖后刀面的砂轮磨削位姿算法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(19): 2321-2325,2330.
[7]	丁凯, 李奇林, 雷卫宁, 徐铭洲, 王许. 单颗磨粒超声辅助磨削SiC陶瓷材料去除机理[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(19): 2331-2339.
[8]	任莹晖, 周家恒, 李伟, 周志雄, 李陈方. 化学机械磨削技术研究现状与展望[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(18): 2143-2152.
[9]	赫青山, 杨天标, 刘天立, 赵延军, 崔仲鸣. 磨料有序排布电镀砂轮的制备及其把持力研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(18): 2159-2164.
[10]	杨赫然, 何源, 孙兴伟, 董祉序, 乔赫廷. 螺杆转子砂带磨削装置开发及材料去除率预测[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(17): 2055-2062.
[11]	王利亭, 赵秀栩, 李娇. 蜗杆砂轮磨齿加工参数优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(17): 2136-2141.
[12]	吴柯, 陆新明, MEHMOOD Awais, 周立波, 袁巨龙. 基于固结磨粒的单晶蓝宝石自旋转磨削加工方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(16): 2002-2007，2015.
[13]	陈冰, 罗良, 焦浩文, 邓朝晖, 姚洪辉. 基于磨削痕迹仿真的磨削纹理生成机理[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(14): 1677-1685.
[14]	彭锐涛, 彭兴, 童佳威, 赵林峰, 陈美良, 贺湘波. 水基混合纳米流体对内冷却磨削性能的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(13): 1591-1599.
[15]	尹龙, 赵波, 郭星晨, 赵重阳. 超声辅助内圆磨削40Cr15Mo2VN轴承套圈的试验研究#br#[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(10): 1172-1180.