Investigation on Impacts of CR450 EMU under Operation of Open Line Intersection on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Trackside Equipment

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.05.024

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the impacts of increasing the speed of high-speed trains to 450 km/h on the aerodynamic safety performances of trackside signaling equipment， the sliding mesh technology was employed to analyze the aerodynamic performance affected trackside three-aspect signal lights， switch machines， and terminal boxes under complex conditions， as well as the flow field evolution when high-speed trains pass by these trackside equipment. The results show that under the open line and crossing operation conditions， as train speed increases， the positive peak， negative peak， and peak-to-peak values of pressure on trackside equipment all increase. Moreover， the peak-to-peak pressure values on trackside equipment are proportional to the square of the train speed. Trackside equipment experiences two pressure fluctuations as the train's head and tail pass by， with the head car's pressure wave having a greater impact than that of the tail car. The lateral force has the most significant impact on the safety of each device， with signal lights and switch machines being more affected than that of terminal boxes.

Key words: trackside equipment, high speed railway, aerodynamic characteristic, crossing operation, CR450 electric multiple unit（EMU）

摘要：

为研究高速列车提速至450 km/h后对轨旁信号设备的气动安全性能影响，采用滑移网格技术分析复杂工况下轨旁三灯信号机、道岔转辙机和终端盒的气动性能影响，以及高速列车经过轨旁设备时的流场演化规律。研究结果表明：在明线与交会运行条件下，随着车速的增大，轨旁设备的压力正波峰值、负波峰值与峰峰值均增大，且轨旁设备压力峰峰值与列车车速的平方成正比。轨旁设备会在列车头尾经过时产生两次压力波动，头车压力波对轨旁设备的影响大于尾车的影响。侧向力对各设备的安全性影响最大，且信号灯与转辙机受到的影响要远大于终端盒受到的影响。

关键词: 轨旁设备, 高速铁路, 气动特性, 交会运行, CR450动车组

CLC Number:

U284.1

ZHOU Zijian, ZHOU Zhenbin, HUANG Zundi, KONG Weikai, YANG Xiaofeng. Investigation on Impacts of CR450 EMU under Operation of Open Line Intersection on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Trackside Equipment[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(5): 1236-1244.

周子健, 周镇斌, 黄尊地, 孔维锴, 杨晓锋. CR450动车组明线交会运行对轨旁设备气动特性影响研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(5): 1236-1244.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Train model

Fig.2 Placement location of trackside equipment

Fig.3 Calculation area and boundary conditions

Fig.4 Layout of surface measuring points on trackside equipment

Fig.5 Grid independence verification

Fig.6 Comparison of dynamic model test and numerical simulation

Fig.7 Flow field around the head car under the operation of open track single bike

Fig.8 Cloud map of pressure changes in trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at a speed of 450 km/h

Fig.9 Pressure variation law of each trackside equipment measuring point under the operation ofopen track single bike

Tab.1 Pressure wave amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at different speeds（vehicle speed v are as 97.22~125.00 m/s）

轨旁设备	车速/ （km·h $- 1$ ）	正波峰值/ Pa	负波峰值/ Pa	峰峰值/Pa	峰峰值拟合关系式	R²
信号灯	350	604	$-$ 581	1185	$∆ p m a x = 0.159 v 2 - 311.907$	0.999
	400	845	$-$ 812	1657
	450	1120	$-$ 1046	2166
转辙机	350	734	$-$ 669	1403	$∆ p m a x = 0.177 v 2 - 268.404$	0.999
	400	982	$-$ 930	1912
	450	1298	$-$ 1196	2494
终端盒	350	647	$-$ 634	1281	$∆ p m a x = 0.166 v 2 - 282.226$	0.999
	400	880	$-$ 892	1772
	450	1163	$-$ 1142	2305

Tab.1 Pressure wave amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at different speeds（vehicle speed v are as 97.22~125.00 m/s）

轨旁设备	车速/ （km·h $- 1$ ）	正波峰值/ Pa	负波峰值/ Pa	峰峰值/Pa	峰峰值拟合关系式	R²
信号灯	350	604	$-$ 581	1185	$∆ p m a x = 0.159 v 2 - 311.907$	0.999
	400	845	$-$ 812	1657
	450	1120	$-$ 1046	2166
转辙机	350	734	$-$ 669	1403	$∆ p m a x = 0.177 v 2 - 268.404$	0.999
	400	982	$-$ 930	1912
	450	1298	$-$ 1196	2494
终端盒	350	647	$-$ 634	1281	$∆ p m a x = 0.166 v 2 - 282.226$	0.999
	400	880	$-$ 892	1772
	450	1163	$-$ 1142	2305

Fig. 10 Force curve diagram of each trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at a speed of 450 km/h

Tab.2 Force amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at a speed of 450 km/h

轨旁设备	信号灯	终端盒	转辙机
$∆ F X$ /N	76.41	11.03	92.16
$∆ F Y$ /N	159.08	15.76	151.18
$∆ F Z$ /N	24.18	3.59	92.37

Tab.2 Force amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open track single bike at a speed of 450 km/h

轨旁设备	信号灯	终端盒	转辙机
$∆ F X$ /N	76.41	11.03	92.16
$∆ F Y$ /N	159.08	15.76	151.18
$∆ F Z$ /N	24.18	3.59	92.37

Fig.11 Flow field around the head vehicle under the operation of open line intersection

Fig. 12 Cloud map of pressure changes in trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at a speed of 450km/h

Fig.13 Pressure variation law of each trackside equipment measuring points under the operation of open line intersection

Tab.3 Pressure wave amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at different speeds（vehicle speed v are as 97.22~125.00 m/s）

轨旁设备	车速/ （km·h $- 1$ ）	正波峰值/ Pa	负波峰值/ Pa	峰峰值/Pa	峰峰值拟合关系式	R²
信号灯	350	708	$-$ 720	1428	$∆ p m a x = 0.195 v 2 - 402.38$	0.998
	400	1070	$-$ 966	2036
	450	1380	$-$ 1255	2635
转辙机	350	843	$-$ 756	1599	$∆ p m a x = 0.167 v 2 + 22.074$	0.999
	400	1101	$-$ 981	2082
	450	1395	$-$ 1234	2629
终端盒	350	758	$-$ 726	1484	$∆ p m a x = 0.155 v 2 + 22.387$	0.999
	400	989	$-$ 944	1933
	450	1249	$-$ 1190	2439

Tab.3 Pressure wave amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at different speeds（vehicle speed v are as 97.22~125.00 m/s）

轨旁设备	车速/ （km·h $- 1$ ）	正波峰值/ Pa	负波峰值/ Pa	峰峰值/Pa	峰峰值拟合关系式	R²
信号灯	350	708	$-$ 720	1428	$∆ p m a x = 0.195 v 2 - 402.38$	0.998
	400	1070	$-$ 966	2036
	450	1380	$-$ 1255	2635
转辙机	350	843	$-$ 756	1599	$∆ p m a x = 0.167 v 2 + 22.074$	0.999
	400	1101	$-$ 981	2082
	450	1395	$-$ 1234	2629
终端盒	350	758	$-$ 726	1484	$∆ p m a x = 0.155 v 2 + 22.387$	0.999
	400	989	$-$ 944	1933
	450	1249	$-$ 1190	2439

Fig.14 Force curve diagram of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at a speed of 450 km/h

Tab. 4 Force amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at a speed of 450 km/h

轨旁设备	信号灯	终端盒	转辙机
$∆ F X$ /N	80.30	20.50	96.00
$∆ F Y$ /N	211.38	21.81	172.21
$∆ F Z$ /N	21.67	2.72	112.16

Tab. 4 Force amplitude of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection at a speed of 450 km/h

轨旁设备	信号灯	终端盒	转辙机
$∆ F X$ /N	80.30	20.50	96.00
$∆ F Y$ /N	211.38	21.81	172.21
$∆ F Z$ /N	21.67	2.72	112.16

Fig.15 Deformation and stress cloud map of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection

Fig. 16 Cloud map of fatigue life of each trackside equipment under the operation of open line intersection

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