多因素影响的铝蜂窝夹层结构热固化变形预测及验证

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对铝蜂窝夹层板在热固化过程中变形机制不清晰的问题，结合理论分析、有限元仿真与实验探讨了蜂窝板结构刚度、界面摩擦力、发泡胶等影响因素。基于铝蜂窝夹层板的结构与制造工艺建立了几何模型与固化理论模型，结合Fourier热传导定律和能量平衡原理描述了胶膜的热反应与化学反应，并用Path-dependent模型分析了固化变形。仿真与实验所得结果吻合度较高，验证了仿真模型的准确性。研究发现，结构刚度与变形量呈显著负相关；变形量随界面摩擦力的减小而减小；发泡胶膨胀系数增大时，埋件周边的局部最大变形量增大，且小膨胀系数更利于保持平面度。

关键词: 蜂窝夹层板, 固化变形, 热压罐, 发泡胶, 结构刚度, 界面摩擦力

Abstract:

To clarify the deformation mechanism of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels during thermal curing， the effects of structural stiffness， interfacial friction， and foaming adhesive are investigated through theoretical analysis， finite element simulation， and experimental testing. Based on the structural characteristics and manufacturing process， a geometric model and a curing theoretical model are established. Combined with Fourier's heat conduction law and the energy balance principle， the thermal and chemical reactions of the adhesive film are described， and a path-dependent model is adopted to analyze curing deformation. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data， verifying the accuracy of the proposed model. Results indicate that structural stiffness has a significant negative correlation with deformation magnitude； reducing interfacial friction decreases the deformation； and the local maximum deformation around embedded parts increases with the rise of the expansion coefficient of the foaming adhesive， while a lower expansion coefficient helps maintain surface flatness.

Key words: honeycomb sandwich panel, curing deformation, autoclave, foaming adhesive, structural stiffness, interfacial friction

中图分类号:

TH161

吴重军, 吴春雪, 康坤海, 吴鑫锐, 秦洪远. 多因素影响的铝蜂窝夹层结构热固化变形预测及验证[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1771-1778.

WU Chongjun, WU Chunxue, Kang Kunhai, WU Xinrui, QIN Hongyuan. Prediction and Verification of Thermal Curing Deformation of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structures under MultiFactor Effects[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1771-1778.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.027

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I7/1771

图/表 14

图1 热压罐固化示意图

Fig.1 Autoclave curing schematic diagram

图2 铝蜂窝夹层板几何结构

Fig.2 Geometric structure of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel

图3 仿真流程图

Fig.3 Simulation flow chart

表1 零部件材料

Tab.1 Parts and components materials

	面板	蜂窝芯	胶膜	发泡胶
材料	2024T3	5A02H	J-47C	J-47D

图4 热压固化温度及压力条件

Fig.4 Curing temperature and pressure conditions

图5 蜂窝夹层结构等效模型与变形仿真结果

Fig.5 Equivalent Model and Deformation Simulation Results of Honeycomb Sandwich Structure

图6 工件变形量

Fig.6 Deformation of workpiece

图7 测点布局图及编号

Fig.7 Layout and numbering of measurement points

图8 变形量的实验值与仿真值

Fig.8 Experimental and simulated values of deformation

表2 不同蜂窝壁厚下板材固有频率 (Hz)

Tab.2 Natural frequencies of plates with different honeycomb wall thicknesses

壁厚d/mm	一阶频率f₁	二阶频率f₂	三阶频率f₃
0.04	128.5	307.1	319.7
0.06	135.8	323.4	338.2
0.08	141.2	331.9	350.7

图9 针对结构刚度仿真变形结果图

Fig.9 Deformation simulation result diagrams for structural stiffness

图10 针对工装与板材间摩擦因数仿真变形结果

Fig.10 Simulation deformation of friction coefficient between tooling and plate

图11 发泡胶填充位置及方式

Fig.11 Foam filling position and method

图12 发泡胶不同热膨胀系数的仿真变形结果

Fig.12 Simulation deformation results of thermal expansion coefficient of foam

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