中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1725-1733.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.022
• 智能制造 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2024-11-27
修回日期:2026-04-06
出版日期:2026-07-25
发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者:
吴亮红
作者简介:赵才, 男, 1996年生,博士研究生。研究方向为生产调度、智能算法。发表论文10余篇。E-mail:zhaocai1996@163.com基金资助:Received:2024-11-27
Revised:2026-04-06
Online:2026-07-25
Published:2026-08-18
Contact:
WU Lianghong
摘要:
针对具有双资源约束的分布式装配混合流水车间调度问题,提出一种基于知识驱动的迭代贪婪(KDIG)算法。采用基于知识的NEH(Nawaz-Enscore-Ham)初始化策略,生成初始解决方案。基于问题特征设计了4种局部搜索算子。局部搜索算子与Q学习机制的结合使个体在迭代更新时动态选择最优的局部搜索算子,从而显著提升个体在搜索过程中的效率。KDIG算法与5种主流算法在81个大型实例上的测试结果表明,KDIG算法优于其他对比算法。
中图分类号:
赵才, 吴亮红. 具有双资源约束的分布式装配混合流水车间调度[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1725-1733.
ZHAO Cai, WU Lianghong. Distributed Assembly Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling with Dual Resource Constraints[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1725-1733.
| 量符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| i,i′ | 工件索引,i,i′=1,2,…,N |
| j | 阶段的索引,j=1,2,…,NS |
| k | 机器的索引,k=1,2,…,NM |
| w | 工人索引,w=1,2,…,NW |
| f | 工厂索引,f=1,2,…,NF |
| p,p′ | 产品索引,p,p′=1,2,…,NP |
| I | 工件集合 |
| Ip | 产品p的工件集合 |
| S | 阶段集合 |
| P | 产品集合 |
| F | 工厂集合 |
| Kf | 工厂f中机器的集合 |
| Ki,j,f | 工厂f中工件Oi,j 的加工机器集合 |
| Wf | 工厂f中工人的集合 |
| Wi,j,f | 工厂f中工件Oi,j 的加工工人集合 |
| Ji | 第i个工件 |
| Oi,j | 第j阶段的工件i |
| Ff | 第f个工厂 |
| Mj,k | 第j阶段的第k台机器 |
| Wj,w | 第j阶段的第w个工人 |
| Ci,j | Oi,j 的完工时间 |
| NF | 工厂总数 |
| NP | 产品总数 |
| NM | 工厂中的机器总数 |
| NM,j | 第j阶段的机器总数 |
| NW | 工人总数 |
| NW,j | 第j阶段的工人总数 |
| Tp | 产品p的延迟时间 |
| Ti,j,f,k,w | 工件的实际加工时间 |
| Tp | 产品p的装配时间 |
| Dp | 产品p的离开时间 |
| Gi,p | 工件i属于产品p |
| Cp | 产品p的完工时间 |
| Sp | 产品p的开始时间 |
| L | 无穷大的正数 |
| Si,j | Oi,j 的开始时间 |
| TTD | 总延迟 |
| Vi,j,f,k,w,s | 若工件由工人w处理,则为1,否则为0 |
| Xi,i′,j,f,k | 若机器在工件i后加工i′,则为1,否则为0 |
| Yi,i′,j,f,k | 若工人在工件i后加工i′,则为1,否则为0 |
| Zi,f | 若工件i在工厂f中加工,则为1,否则为0 |
| Hp,p′ | 产品p后紧跟p′产品,则为1,否则为0 |
表1 文中量符号的含义
Tab.1 List of symbols used in the paper
| 量符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| i,i′ | 工件索引,i,i′=1,2,…,N |
| j | 阶段的索引,j=1,2,…,NS |
| k | 机器的索引,k=1,2,…,NM |
| w | 工人索引,w=1,2,…,NW |
| f | 工厂索引,f=1,2,…,NF |
| p,p′ | 产品索引,p,p′=1,2,…,NP |
| I | 工件集合 |
| Ip | 产品p的工件集合 |
| S | 阶段集合 |
| P | 产品集合 |
| F | 工厂集合 |
| Kf | 工厂f中机器的集合 |
| Ki,j,f | 工厂f中工件Oi,j 的加工机器集合 |
| Wf | 工厂f中工人的集合 |
| Wi,j,f | 工厂f中工件Oi,j 的加工工人集合 |
| Ji | 第i个工件 |
| Oi,j | 第j阶段的工件i |
| Ff | 第f个工厂 |
| Mj,k | 第j阶段的第k台机器 |
| Wj,w | 第j阶段的第w个工人 |
| Ci,j | Oi,j 的完工时间 |
| NF | 工厂总数 |
| NP | 产品总数 |
| NM | 工厂中的机器总数 |
| NM,j | 第j阶段的机器总数 |
| NW | 工人总数 |
| NW,j | 第j阶段的工人总数 |
| Tp | 产品p的延迟时间 |
| Ti,j,f,k,w | 工件的实际加工时间 |
| Tp | 产品p的装配时间 |
| Dp | 产品p的离开时间 |
| Gi,p | 工件i属于产品p |
| Cp | 产品p的完工时间 |
| Sp | 产品p的开始时间 |
| L | 无穷大的正数 |
| Si,j | Oi,j 的开始时间 |
| TTD | 总延迟 |
| Vi,j,f,k,w,s | 若工件由工人w处理,则为1,否则为0 |
| Xi,i′,j,f,k | 若机器在工件i后加工i′,则为1,否则为0 |
| Yi,i′,j,f,k | 若工人在工件i后加工i′,则为1,否则为0 |
| Zi,f | 若工件i在工厂f中加工,则为1,否则为0 |
| Hp,p′ | 产品p后紧跟p′产品,则为1,否则为0 |
| 来源 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F-ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 456.8 | 3 | 86.582 | 891.76 | 0.0000 |
| Γ | 352.3 | 3 | 69.485 | 423.26 | 0.0000 |
| T0 | 6.9 | 3 | 3.852 | 65.42 | 0.0000 |
| a | 3.2 | 2 | 1.262 | 9.59 | 0.0000 |
| b | 2.5 | 2 | 1.258 | 7.66 | 0.0000 |
| β×Γ | 39.8 | 9 | 3.256 | 1.78 | 0.6629 |
| β×T0 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.266 | 1.56 | 0.8413 |
| Γ×a | 2.5 | 6 | 0.521 | 1.44 | 0.5130 |
| Γ×b | 6.4 | 6 | 0.636 | 4.56 | 0.4790 |
| Γ×T0 | 3.5 | 9 | 0.466 | 3.85 | 0.5364 |
| β×a | 1.1 | 6 | 0.226 | 2.65 | 0.6449 |
| β×b | 0.9 | 6 | 0.255 | 1.25 | 0.7418 |
| T0×a | 0.3 | 6 | 0.236 | 0.45 | 0.8234 |
| T0×b | 0.2 | 6 | 0.126 | 1.34 | 0.6950 |
| a×b | 0.1 | 4 | 0.236 | 0.45 | 0.8074 |
| 残差 | 6964.0 | 76728 | |||
| 总计 | 7603.2 | 76800 |
表2 多元方差分析结果
Tab.2 Results of multivariate ANOVA
| 来源 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F-ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 456.8 | 3 | 86.582 | 891.76 | 0.0000 |
| Γ | 352.3 | 3 | 69.485 | 423.26 | 0.0000 |
| T0 | 6.9 | 3 | 3.852 | 65.42 | 0.0000 |
| a | 3.2 | 2 | 1.262 | 9.59 | 0.0000 |
| b | 2.5 | 2 | 1.258 | 7.66 | 0.0000 |
| β×Γ | 39.8 | 9 | 3.256 | 1.78 | 0.6629 |
| β×T0 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.266 | 1.56 | 0.8413 |
| Γ×a | 2.5 | 6 | 0.521 | 1.44 | 0.5130 |
| Γ×b | 6.4 | 6 | 0.636 | 4.56 | 0.4790 |
| Γ×T0 | 3.5 | 9 | 0.466 | 3.85 | 0.5364 |
| β×a | 1.1 | 6 | 0.226 | 2.65 | 0.6449 |
| β×b | 0.9 | 6 | 0.255 | 1.25 | 0.7418 |
| T0×a | 0.3 | 6 | 0.236 | 0.45 | 0.8234 |
| T0×b | 0.2 | 6 | 0.126 | 1.34 | 0.6950 |
| a×b | 0.1 | 4 | 0.236 | 0.45 | 0.8074 |
| 残差 | 6964.0 | 76728 | |||
| 总计 | 7603.2 | 76800 |
| 参数 | 规模 | KDIG | KDIG1 | KDIG2 | KDIG3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF | 2 | 1.15 | 17.52 | 7.63 | 23.64 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 10.96 | 5.95 | 18.89 | |
| 6 | 4.05 | 9.85 | 4.25 | 15.89 | |
| N | 20 | 3.54 | 4.05 | 3.08 | 14.68 |
| 40 | 0.96 | 11.48 | 3.09 | 20.65 | |
| 60 | 0.25 | 22.85 | 5.67 | 21.66 | |
| NS | 2 | 2.90 | 12.58 | 8.94 | 20.69 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 13.57 | 6.84 | 16.36 | |
| 6 | 2.39 | 11.78 | 6.04 | 14.65 | |
| NP | 2 | 2.85 | 11.74 | 5.09 | 19.67 |
| 4 | 1.68 | 13.85 | 6.98 | 18.65 | |
| 6 | 3.18 | 12.45 | 6.28 | 18.55 |
表3 KDIG算法及变体的ARPD
Tab.3 ARPD for KDIG algorithm and its variants
| 参数 | 规模 | KDIG | KDIG1 | KDIG2 | KDIG3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF | 2 | 1.15 | 17.52 | 7.63 | 23.64 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 10.96 | 5.95 | 18.89 | |
| 6 | 4.05 | 9.85 | 4.25 | 15.89 | |
| N | 20 | 3.54 | 4.05 | 3.08 | 14.68 |
| 40 | 0.96 | 11.48 | 3.09 | 20.65 | |
| 60 | 0.25 | 22.85 | 5.67 | 21.66 | |
| NS | 2 | 2.90 | 12.58 | 8.94 | 20.69 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 13.57 | 6.84 | 16.36 | |
| 6 | 2.39 | 11.78 | 6.04 | 14.65 | |
| NP | 2 | 2.85 | 11.74 | 5.09 | 19.67 |
| 4 | 1.68 | 13.85 | 6.98 | 18.65 | |
| 6 | 3.18 | 12.45 | 6.28 | 18.55 |
| R+ | R- | p⁃value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDIG vs KDIG1 | 2891.0 | 430.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs KDIG2 | 2512.0 | 1124.0 | 0.00006 |
| KDIG vs KDIG3 | 3365.0 | 44.0 | 0.00000 |
表4 KDIG算法及变体的Wilcoxon结果
Tab.4 Wilcoxon results of KDIG algorithm and its variants
| R+ | R- | p⁃value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDIG vs KDIG1 | 2891.0 | 430.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs KDIG2 | 2512.0 | 1124.0 | 0.00006 |
| KDIG vs KDIG3 | 3365.0 | 44.0 | 0.00000 |
| 参数 | 规模 | KDIG | HDIWO | IG_VNS | MNIG | WWO | KBIG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF | 2 | 1.15 | 4.41 | 15.10 | 25.72 | 16.47 | 7.15 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 5.64 | 6.60 | 26.53 | 9.05 | 4.04 | |
| 6 | 4.05 | 7.37 | 4.54 | 20.61 | 14.66 | 4.86 | |
| N | 20 | 3.54 | 10.21 | 2.95 | 4.81 | 5.20 | 7.02 |
| 40 | 0.96 | 3.35 | 7.43 | 23.05 | 12.10 | 1.63 | |
| 60 | 0.25 | 1.67 | 15.33 | 24.03 | 22.8 | 1.19 | |
| NS | 2 | 2.90 | 7.60 | 9.83 | 29.59 | 10.11 | 4.25 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 3.94 | 8.76 | 30.02 | 10.18 | 2.80 | |
| 6 | 2.39 | 3.87 | 7.12 | 30.58 | 19.57 | 2.77 | |
| NP | 2 | 2.85 | 6.60 | 6.39 | 27.58 | 12.85 | 3.00 |
| 4 | 1.68 | 3.48 | 9.33 | 33.09 | 16.89 | 2.84 | |
| 6 | 3.18 | 5.20 | 9.99 | 30.28 | 11.03 | 4.00 |
表5 KDIG算法及对比算法的ARPD
Tab.5 ARPD of KDIG algorithm and comparison algorithms
| 参数 | 规模 | KDIG | HDIWO | IG_VNS | MNIG | WWO | KBIG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF | 2 | 1.15 | 4.41 | 15.10 | 25.72 | 16.47 | 7.15 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 5.64 | 6.60 | 26.53 | 9.05 | 4.04 | |
| 6 | 4.05 | 7.37 | 4.54 | 20.61 | 14.66 | 4.86 | |
| N | 20 | 3.54 | 10.21 | 2.95 | 4.81 | 5.20 | 7.02 |
| 40 | 0.96 | 3.35 | 7.43 | 23.05 | 12.10 | 1.63 | |
| 60 | 0.25 | 1.67 | 15.33 | 24.03 | 22.8 | 1.19 | |
| NS | 2 | 2.90 | 7.60 | 9.83 | 29.59 | 10.11 | 4.25 |
| 4 | 2.39 | 3.94 | 8.76 | 30.02 | 10.18 | 2.80 | |
| 6 | 2.39 | 3.87 | 7.12 | 30.58 | 19.57 | 2.77 | |
| NP | 2 | 2.85 | 6.60 | 6.39 | 27.58 | 12.85 | 3.00 |
| 4 | 1.68 | 3.48 | 9.33 | 33.09 | 16.89 | 2.84 | |
| 6 | 3.18 | 5.20 | 9.99 | 30.28 | 11.03 | 4.00 |
| R+ | R- | p⁃value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDIG vs HDIWO | 2480.0 | 841.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs IG_VNS | 2471.0 | 850.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs MNIG | 2887.0 | 434.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs WWO | 2754.0 | 567.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs KBIG | 2356.0 | 858.0 | 0.00007 |
表6 KDIG算法及对比算法Wilcoxon结果
Tab.6 Wilcoxon results of KDIG algorithm and comparison algorithms
| R+ | R- | p⁃value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDIG vs HDIWO | 2480.0 | 841.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs IG_VNS | 2471.0 | 850.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs MNIG | 2887.0 | 434.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs WWO | 2754.0 | 567.0 | 0.00000 |
| KDIG vs KBIG | 2356.0 | 858.0 | 0.00007 |
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