中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 342-352.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.02.009
• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇
刘从臻1(
), 王鹏1, 朱辉2, 赵鹏斌1, 马强1, 刘洪柱1
收稿日期:2024-08-29
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-03-13
通讯作者:
刘从臻
作者简介:刘从臻*(通信作者),男,1979年生,副教授。研究方向为轮胎力学性能分析与优化设计。E-mail:lcz200811@163.com。
基金资助:
LIU Congzhen1(
), WANG Peng1, ZHU Hui2, ZHAO Pengbin1, MA Qiang1, LIU Hongzhu1
Received:2024-08-29
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-03-13
Contact:
LIU Congzhen
摘要:
轮胎滚阻和抓地性能是影响车辆动力性、经济性、制动性和安全性的重要因素。为实现滚阻与抓地性能协同提升,以205/55R16轮胎为研究对象,将轮胎分为胎面、带束层及非胎冠3个区域,依据车辆6种典型行驶工况,采用控制变量法探究各区域主要结构参数对两种性能的影响规律,进一步通过相关分析筛选出与滚动阻力和抓地力显著相关的结构参数,并采用响应面法进行参数寻优。结果表明,优化后轮胎在复合工况下滚动阻力减小22.39 N、抓地力增大6 N,实现了两种性能的协同提升。
中图分类号:
刘从臻, 王鹏, 朱辉, 赵鹏斌, 马强, 刘洪柱. 复合工况下轮胎滚阻与抓地性能协同提升研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(2): 342-352.
LIU Congzhen, WANG Peng, ZHU Hui, ZHAO Pengbin, MA Qiang, LIU Hongzhu. Research on Synergistic Improvement of Tire Rolling Resistance and Grip Performance under Composite Working Conditions[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(2): 342-352.
| 部件胶料 | C10 | C20 | C30 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 胎面胶 | 0.7079 | 0.0813 | |
| 冠带胶 | 0.4513 | 0.0803 | |
| 胎侧胶 | 0.4709 | 0.1643 | 0.0838 |
| 带束层胶 | 0.4437 | 0.0789 | |
| 胎体层胶 | 0.4460 | 0.0793 | |
| 耐磨胶 | 1.3161 | 0.1163 | |
| 内衬层胶 | 0.4863 | 0.0865 | |
| 三角胶 | 2.4607 | 0.2222 |
表1 轮胎各胶料Yeoh参数拟合结果
Tab.1 Fitting results of Yeoh parameters of tire compounds
| 部件胶料 | C10 | C20 | C30 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 胎面胶 | 0.7079 | 0.0813 | |
| 冠带胶 | 0.4513 | 0.0803 | |
| 胎侧胶 | 0.4709 | 0.1643 | 0.0838 |
| 带束层胶 | 0.4437 | 0.0789 | |
| 胎体层胶 | 0.4460 | 0.0793 | |
| 耐磨胶 | 1.3161 | 0.1163 | |
| 内衬层胶 | 0.4863 | 0.0865 | |
| 三角胶 | 2.4607 | 0.2222 |
| 印痕参数 | 载荷 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 kN | 4 kN | 5 kN | 6 kN | ||
| 接地长度 | 试验值/mm | 101.44 | 114.00 | 133.03 | 148.55 |
| 仿真值/mm | 98.61 | 112.06 | 131.11 | 146.45 | |
| 相对偏差/% | 2.79 | 1.70 | 1.44 | 1.41 | |
| 接地宽度 | 试验值/mm | 144.91 | 150.00 | 151.17 | 156.37 |
| 仿真值/mm | 148.22 | 15308 | 153.43 | 158.25 | |
| 相对偏差/% | 2.84 | 2.05 | 1.50 | 1.20 | |
表2 轮胎静载接地印痕参数对比
Tab.2 Comparison of tire static load grounding parameters
| 印痕参数 | 载荷 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 kN | 4 kN | 5 kN | 6 kN | ||
| 接地长度 | 试验值/mm | 101.44 | 114.00 | 133.03 | 148.55 |
| 仿真值/mm | 98.61 | 112.06 | 131.11 | 146.45 | |
| 相对偏差/% | 2.79 | 1.70 | 1.44 | 1.41 | |
| 接地宽度 | 试验值/mm | 144.91 | 150.00 | 151.17 | 156.37 |
| 仿真值/mm | 148.22 | 15308 | 153.43 | 158.25 | |
| 相对偏差/% | 2.84 | 2.05 | 1.50 | 1.20 | |
| 工况 | 滑移率/% | 侧偏角/ (°) | 侧倾角/ (°) | 权重/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 0 | 0 | 0.34 | 74.32 |
| 直线驱动 | 0 | 0.42 | 6.48 | |
| 直线制动 | 15 | 0 | 0.19 | 4.65 |
| 侧偏自由滚动 | 0 | 5 | 0.25 | 10.76 |
| 侧偏驱动 | 5 | 0.25 | 2.19 | |
| 侧偏制动 | 15 | 5 | 0.44 | 1.60 |
表3 行驶工况划分表[22]
Tab.3 Driving conditions division table[22]
| 工况 | 滑移率/% | 侧偏角/ (°) | 侧倾角/ (°) | 权重/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 0 | 0 | 0.34 | 74.32 |
| 直线驱动 | 0 | 0.42 | 6.48 | |
| 直线制动 | 15 | 0 | 0.19 | 4.65 |
| 侧偏自由滚动 | 0 | 5 | 0.25 | 10.76 |
| 侧偏驱动 | 5 | 0.25 | 2.19 | |
| 侧偏制动 | 15 | 5 | 0.44 | 1.60 |
| 方案编号 | 行驶面宽度 b1 /mm | 行驶面高度 h1 /mm | 肋条宽度比a |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 1 | 164 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 2 | 176 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 3 | 170 | 9.5 | 0.75 |
| 4 | 170 | 13.5 | 0.75 |
| 5 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.55 |
| 6 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.95 |
表4 胎冠结构设计方案
Tab.4 Crown structure design scheme
| 方案编号 | 行驶面宽度 b1 /mm | 行驶面高度 h1 /mm | 肋条宽度比a |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 1 | 164 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 2 | 176 | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| 3 | 170 | 9.5 | 0.75 |
| 4 | 170 | 13.5 | 0.75 |
| 5 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.55 |
| 6 | 170 | 11.5 | 0.95 |
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 1 | 199.24 | 450.55 | 474.73 | 318.80 | 465.78 | 472.47 | 251.41 | 129.07 | 4307 |
| 2 | 161.36 | 401.64 | 410.60 | 276.38 | 415.26 | 424.21 | 210.66 | 108.15 | 4336 |
| 3 | 162.02 | 407.93 | 425.16 | 280.59 | 415.60 | 430.79 | 212.81 | 109.25 | 4340 |
| 4 | 204.72 | 443.79 | 467.56 | 312.91 | 455.88 | 462.50 | 253.70 | 130.25 | 4318 |
| 5 | 184.91 | 429.86 | 452.52 | 302.66 | 441.13 | 449.11 | 235.73 | 115.68 | 4326 |
| 6 | 184.35 | 430.63 | 453.60 | 305.33 | 442.36 | 451.06 | 235.76 | 121.04 | 4336 |
表5 不同胎面结构滚动阻力及抓地力
Tab.5 Rolling resistance and grip force of different tread structures
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 1 | 199.24 | 450.55 | 474.73 | 318.80 | 465.78 | 472.47 | 251.41 | 129.07 | 4307 |
| 2 | 161.36 | 401.64 | 410.60 | 276.38 | 415.26 | 424.21 | 210.66 | 108.15 | 4336 |
| 3 | 162.02 | 407.93 | 425.16 | 280.59 | 415.60 | 430.79 | 212.81 | 109.25 | 4340 |
| 4 | 204.72 | 443.79 | 467.56 | 312.91 | 455.88 | 462.50 | 253.70 | 130.25 | 4318 |
| 5 | 184.91 | 429.86 | 452.52 | 302.66 | 441.13 | 449.11 | 235.73 | 115.68 | 4326 |
| 6 | 184.35 | 430.63 | 453.60 | 305.33 | 442.36 | 451.06 | 235.76 | 121.04 | 4336 |
| 方案编号 | 1号带束层宽度b2/mm | 2号带束层宽度b3/mm | 帘线角度 θ/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 158 | 148 | 70 |
| 7 | 153 | 148 | 70 |
| 8 | 163 | 148 | 70 |
| 9 | 158 | 143 | 70 |
| 10 | 158 | 153 | 70 |
| 11 | 158 | 148 | 66 |
| 12 | 158 | 148 | 74 |
表6 带束层结构设计方案
Tab.6 Design scheme of belt layer structure
| 方案编号 | 1号带束层宽度b2/mm | 2号带束层宽度b3/mm | 帘线角度 θ/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 158 | 148 | 70 |
| 7 | 153 | 148 | 70 |
| 8 | 163 | 148 | 70 |
| 9 | 158 | 143 | 70 |
| 10 | 158 | 153 | 70 |
| 11 | 158 | 148 | 66 |
| 12 | 158 | 148 | 74 |
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力 /N | 抓地力 /N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 7 | 176.83 | 419.03 | 441.08 | 294.81 | 428.75 | 441.33 | 227.26 | 116.67 | 4325 |
| 8 | 179.43 | 425.33 | 448.07 | 297.27 | 439.56 | 441.20 | 230.42 | 118.30 | 4328 |
| 9 | 158.86 | 398.76 | 420.98 | 273.44 | 411.78 | 415.53 | 208.57 | 107.08 | 4326 |
| 10 | 200.45 | 448.85 | 469.15 | 320.06 | 460.07 | 467.04 | 251.86 | 129.31 | 4335 |
| 11 | 151.62 | 390.70 | 412.82 | 273.03 | 407.61 | 409.69 | 202.06 | 103.74 | 4337 |
| 12 | 200.02 | 448.22 | 471.49 | 322.73 | 462.37 | 468.68 | 251.98 | 129.37 | 4323 |
表7 不同带束层结构滚动阻力及抓地力
Tab.7 Rolling resistance and grip force of different belt structures
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力 /N | 抓地力 /N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 7 | 176.83 | 419.03 | 441.08 | 294.81 | 428.75 | 441.33 | 227.26 | 116.67 | 4325 |
| 8 | 179.43 | 425.33 | 448.07 | 297.27 | 439.56 | 441.20 | 230.42 | 118.30 | 4328 |
| 9 | 158.86 | 398.76 | 420.98 | 273.44 | 411.78 | 415.53 | 208.57 | 107.08 | 4326 |
| 10 | 200.45 | 448.85 | 469.15 | 320.06 | 460.07 | 467.04 | 251.86 | 129.31 | 4335 |
| 11 | 151.62 | 390.70 | 412.82 | 273.03 | 407.61 | 409.69 | 202.06 | 103.74 | 4337 |
| 12 | 200.02 | 448.22 | 471.49 | 322.73 | 462.37 | 468.68 | 251.98 | 129.37 | 4323 |
| 方案编号 | 胎体反包高度h4/mm | 三角胶高度h3/mm | 耐磨胶高度 h2/mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 68 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 13 | 63 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 14 | 73 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 15 | 68 | 35 | 27.55 |
| 16 | 68 | 45 | 27.55 |
| 17 | 68 | 40 | 22.55 |
| 18 | 68 | 40 | 32.55 |
表8 非胎冠结构设计参数
Tab.8 Non-crown structure design parameters
| 方案编号 | 胎体反包高度h4/mm | 三角胶高度h3/mm | 耐磨胶高度 h2/mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样胎 | 68 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 13 | 63 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 14 | 73 | 40 | 27.55 |
| 15 | 68 | 35 | 27.55 |
| 16 | 68 | 45 | 27.55 |
| 17 | 68 | 40 | 22.55 |
| 18 | 68 | 40 | 32.55 |
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 13 | 180.15 | 426.64 | 451.58 | 299.65 | 439.54 | 445.94 | 231.53 | 118.87 | 4337 |
| 14 | 179.32 | 421.78 | 445.19 | 294.85 | 432.49 | 440.28 | 229.55 | 117.85 | 4327 |
| 15 | 176.99 | 420.66 | 443.27 | 294.27 | 430.90 | 437.62 | 227.51 | 116.81 | 4328 |
| 16 | 181.62 | 429.11 | 452.41 | 298.57 | 439.87 | 448.83 | 232.77 | 119.50 | 4327 |
| 17 | 180.20 | 436.03 | 460.15 | 244.60 | 450.34 | 456.12 | 227.06 | 116.57 | 4335 |
| 18 | 181.72 | 419.12 | 437.16 | 291.10 | 428.62 | 435.30 | 230.21 | 118.19 | 4331 |
表9 不同非胎冠结构滚阻及抓地力
Tab.9 Rolling resistance and grip of different non-crown structures
方案 编号 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 13 | 180.15 | 426.64 | 451.58 | 299.65 | 439.54 | 445.94 | 231.53 | 118.87 | 4337 |
| 14 | 179.32 | 421.78 | 445.19 | 294.85 | 432.49 | 440.28 | 229.55 | 117.85 | 4327 |
| 15 | 176.99 | 420.66 | 443.27 | 294.27 | 430.90 | 437.62 | 227.51 | 116.81 | 4328 |
| 16 | 181.62 | 429.11 | 452.41 | 298.57 | 439.87 | 448.83 | 232.77 | 119.50 | 4327 |
| 17 | 180.20 | 436.03 | 460.15 | 244.60 | 450.34 | 456.12 | 227.06 | 116.57 | 4335 |
| 18 | 181.72 | 419.12 | 437.16 | 291.10 | 428.62 | 435.30 | 230.21 | 118.19 | 4331 |
| b1 | h | a | b2 | b3 | θ | h4 | h3 | h2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 滚动阻力 | r | 0.458 | 0.117 | 0.035 | 0.485 | 0.559 | 0.059 | 0.035 | ||
| Sig | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.634 | 0.886 | 0.035 | 0.013 | 0.928 | 0.811 | 0.886 | |
| 抓地力 | r | 0.612 | 0.211 | 0.063 | 0.290 | |||||
| Sig | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.386 | 0.797 | 0.236 | 0.220 | 0.386 | 0.932 | 0.731 | |
表10 相关性分析结果
Tab.10 Correlation analysis result
| b1 | h | a | b2 | b3 | θ | h4 | h3 | h2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 滚动阻力 | r | 0.458 | 0.117 | 0.035 | 0.485 | 0.559 | 0.059 | 0.035 | ||
| Sig | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.634 | 0.886 | 0.035 | 0.013 | 0.928 | 0.811 | 0.886 | |
| 抓地力 | r | 0.612 | 0.211 | 0.063 | 0.290 | |||||
| Sig | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.386 | 0.797 | 0.236 | 0.220 | 0.386 | 0.932 | 0.731 | |
| 变量代号 | 设计变量名称 | 编码因子 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | |||
| x1 | 行驶面宽度b1/mm | 164 | 170 | 176 |
| x2 | 行驶面高度h/mm | 9.5 | 11.5 | 13.5 |
| x3 | 2号带束层宽度b3/mm | 143 | 148 | 153 |
| x4 | 帘线角度θ/(°) | 66 | 70 | 74 |
表11 试验参数及取值
Tab.11 Test parameters and values
| 变量代号 | 设计变量名称 | 编码因子 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | |||
| x1 | 行驶面宽度b1/mm | 164 | 170 | 176 |
| x2 | 行驶面高度h/mm | 9.5 | 11.5 | 13.5 |
| x3 | 2号带束层宽度b3/mm | 143 | 148 | 153 |
| x4 | 帘线角度θ/(°) | 66 | 70 | 74 |
| 方案 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | F1(xi ) | F2(xi ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 110.40 | 4316 | |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 117.63 | 4324 |
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 125.85 | 4329 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 113.00 | 4307 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 99.46 | 4330 | |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 104.73 | 4330 | ||
| 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 106.67 | 4339 | |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 112.84 | 4308 | ||
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 121.55 | 4333 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 120.43 | 4328 | |
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 102.13 | 4330 | |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 132.47 | 4318 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 141.76 | 4312 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 129.98 | 4304 | |
| 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 111.40 | 4317 | |
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 131.89 | 4332 | |
| 21 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 128.22 | 4322 |
| 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 128.48 | 4334 | |
| 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 139.91 | 4304 | |
| 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | 94.55 | 4323 | ||
| 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 140.89 | 4327 |
| 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 113.58 | 4325 | |
| 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 133.90 | 4319 |
| 29 | 0 | 0 | 101.32 | 4335 |
表12 试验方案及结果
Tab.12 Experimental scheme and results
| 方案 | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | F1(xi ) | F2(xi ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 110.40 | 4316 | |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 117.63 | 4324 |
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 125.85 | 4329 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 113.00 | 4307 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 99.46 | 4330 | |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 104.73 | 4330 | ||
| 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 106.67 | 4339 | |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 112.84 | 4308 | ||
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 121.55 | 4333 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 120.43 | 4328 | |
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 102.13 | 4330 | |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 132.47 | 4318 | ||
| 15 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 141.76 | 4312 | |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 129.98 | 4304 | |
| 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 111.40 | 4317 | |
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 131.89 | 4332 | |
| 21 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 128.22 | 4322 |
| 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 128.48 | 4334 | |
| 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 139.91 | 4304 | |
| 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | 94.55 | 4323 | ||
| 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 140.89 | 4327 |
| 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 113.58 | 4325 | |
| 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 133.90 | 4319 |
| 29 | 0 | 0 | 101.32 | 4335 |
| 判定系数R2 | 变异系数/% | 信噪比 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1(xi ) | 0.93 | 0.32 | 16.91 |
| F2(xi ) | 0.93 | 0.40 | 14.53 |
表13 响应函数回归模型的拟合度结果
Tab.13 The result of fit degree of response function regression model
| 判定系数R2 | 变异系数/% | 信噪比 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| F1(xi ) | 0.93 | 0.32 | 16.91 |
| F2(xi ) | 0.93 | 0.40 | 14.53 |
| 方案 | x1/mm | x2/mm | x3/mm | x4/(°) | F1(xi )/N | F2(xi )/N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优化方案 | 174.73 | 9.5 | 145.37 | 67.54 | 94.55 | 4338.49 |
| 仿真方案 | 174.73 | 9.5 | 145.37 | 67.54 | 94.50 | 4339 |
| 偏差/% | 0.053 | 0.012 |
表14 优化方案结果验证
Tab.14 Optimization scheme results verification
| 方案 | x1/mm | x2/mm | x3/mm | x4/(°) | F1(xi )/N | F2(xi )/N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优化方案 | 174.73 | 9.5 | 145.37 | 67.54 | 94.55 | 4338.49 |
| 仿真方案 | 174.73 | 9.5 | 145.37 | 67.54 | 94.50 | 4339 |
| 偏差/% | 0.053 | 0.012 |
| 方案 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 优化方案 | 138.93 | 356.99 | 378.86 | 242.15 | 366.56 | 373.42 | 184.06 | 94.50 | 4339 |
| 优化量 | 37.43 | 65.32 | 65.62 | 55.51 | 66.38 | 68.14 | 43.62 | 22.39 | 6 |
表15 复合工况仿真结果对比
Tab.15 Comparison of simulation results under composite conditions
| 方案 | 轮胎滚动一周的能量损耗/J | 复合工况 能量损耗/J | 滚动阻力/N | 抓地力/N | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 直线自由滚动 | 直线驱动 | 直线制动 | 侧偏自由滚动 | 侧偏驱动 | 侧偏制动 | ||||
| 样胎 | 176.36 | 422.31 | 444.48 | 297.66 | 432.94 | 441.56 | 227.68 | 116.89 | 4333 |
| 优化方案 | 138.93 | 356.99 | 378.86 | 242.15 | 366.56 | 373.42 | 184.06 | 94.50 | 4339 |
| 优化量 | 37.43 | 65.32 | 65.62 | 55.51 | 66.38 | 68.14 | 43.62 | 22.39 | 6 |
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