一种飞行器口盖连接的柔性楔块机构设计与力特性分析及试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对飞行器口盖传统连接方式维修效率低、可重复使用性差等缺点，设计了一种由柔性楔形块和楔形槽组成的楔块机构，利用柔性楔形块铰链转动与楔形槽配合产生的预紧力，以及柔性楔形块和楔形槽上不同直径的螺纹孔实现楔块机构的结合和分离。采用伪刚体法和积分法建立了变形模型与力学模型，并对关键设计参数进行了力学特性分析。仿真和实物试验表明，楔块机构在中低频工况下具有抗松动和抗分离的能力。

关键词: 口盖连接, 楔块机构, 柔性铰链, 伪刚体模型, 有限元仿真

Abstract:

Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional connection methods for aircraft access panels， such as low maintenance efficiency and poor reusability， a wedge mechanism which is composed of a flexible wedge block and a wedge groove was designed. The engagement and disengagement of the wedge-block mechanism were achieved by preload force generated from the cooperation between the hinge rotation of flexible wedge block and the wedge groove， and the threaded holes of different diameters on the flexible wedge block and the wedge groove. The pseudo-rigid body method and integral method were adopted to establish the deformation model and mechanical model， and the mechanical characteristics of key design parameters were analyzed. Simulation and physical tests show that the wedge mechanism has the ability to resist loosening and disengagement under medium and low-frequency working conditions.

Key words: hatch connection, wedge-block mechanism, flexible hinge, pseudo-rigid-body model, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TH122

杨洪基, 陈杰, 李卓然, 赵昀皓, 赵京. 一种飞行器口盖连接的柔性楔块机构设计与力特性分析及试验[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(11): 2670-2677.

Hongji YANG, Jie CHEN, Zhuoran LI, Yunhao ZHAO, Jing ZHAO. Design， Mechanical Characteristics Analysis， and Testing of a Flexible Wedge-Block Mechanism for Aircraft Hatch Connection[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(11): 2670-2677.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.11.024

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I11/2670

图/表 17

图1 柔性楔形块

Fig.1 Flexible wedge block

图2 楔块机构示意图

Fig.2 Wedge mechanism schematic diagram

图3 楔块机构装配原理

Fig.3 Wedge mechanism assembly principle

图4 楔块机构舱盖舱体安装位置图

Fig.4 Wedge mechanism-hatch cover installation position diagram

图5 柔性楔形块自由端变形模型

Fig.5 Deformation model of the free end of the flexible wedge block

图6 柔性楔形块下压任意位置力学模型

Fig.6 Mechanical model of the flexible wedge block under arbitrary pressing position

图7 柔性楔形块结构参数与变形量的力学特性图

Fig.7 Mechanical characteristics diagram of structural parameters and deformation amount of flexible wedge block

图8 楔形块机构关键参数对预紧力大小影响特性图

Fig.8 Characteristic diagram of the influence of key parameters of wedge mechanism on the magnitude of preload force

图9 增力比系数特性图

Fig.9 Force amplification ratio coefficient characteristics diagram

图10 自由端变形量解析解与仿真解对比

Fig.10 Analytical and simulation solutions for free end deformation

图11 不同摩擦因数的预紧力解析解与仿真解

Fig.11 Analytical solutions and simulation solutions of preload force with different friction coefficients

图12 楔形机构振动仿真的结果

Fig.12 Results of vibration simulation of wedge mechanism

图13 楔块机构振动试验

Fig.13 Vibration test of the wedge mechanism

图14 壳体振动仿真试验结果

Fig.14 Shell vibration simulation test results

图15 试验平台

Fig.15 Test platform

表1 外部激励参数

Table.1 External excitation parameters

试验组号	频率/Hz	振幅/mm	加速度/g
试验1	10	1.15	0.37
试验2	20	1.14	1.64
试验3	20	1.24	1.78
试验4、5	30	1.13	4.05

图16 振动条件下的应变

Fig.16 Strain under vibration conditions

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