中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 2101-2114.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.003
• 智能诊断与运维专栏 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2024-08-22
修回日期:2026-08-06
出版日期:2026-09-25
发布日期:2026-10-21
通讯作者:
李蓉
作者简介:李蓉*(通信作者),女,1976年生,副教授。研究方向为视觉检测与质量控制、故障诊断与信号处理。E-mail:jyylirong@hnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
LI Rong(
), JIN Ziyuan, WANG Huajian, LIU Jian, YIN Shaohui
Received:2024-08-22
Revised:2026-08-06
Online:2026-09-25
Published:2026-10-21
Contact:
LI Rong
摘要:
为保障复杂轴类零件内孔表面缺陷检测的内窥成像质量并避免内窥镜与工件碰撞划伤,提出了一种轴孔类零件单目内窥成像位姿检测方法。针对单目内窥成像干扰轮廓多的特点,提出一种基于长度约束与最小包络圆约束的干扰轮廓去除方法。基于改进最大类间方差阈值分割方法对图像进行阈值分割,采用Suzuki轮廓提取算法进行边缘轮廓提取,采用所提出的干扰轮廓去除方法进行目标轮廓筛选并采用径向搜索提取目标内孔轮廓点集。针对轮廓点集离散且存在误差点,以及内窥光源位姿偏移较大时光照不均导致目标轮廓不完整的问题,提出了一种基于轮廓恢复的椭圆检测算法。针对位姿求解的二义性问题,基于成像仅有圆特征、灰度信息丰富且位姿检测时由机械臂移动工件、内孔中心靠近光轴的特点,提出一种基于角度约束与灰度分布的二义性去除方法。实验结果验证了提出的轴孔类零件单目内窥成像视觉位姿检测方法的有效性,该方法在X、Y轴方向上的位置检测精度为0.062 mm,绕X、Y轴旋转的姿态检测精度在1.4°以内,均达到了企业的要求。
中图分类号:
李蓉, 金子源, 王华建, 刘坚, 尹韶辉. 轴孔类零件单目内窥成像位姿检测研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(9): 2101-2114.
LI Rong, JIN Ziyuan, WANG Huajian, LIU Jian, YIN Shaohui. Research on Pose Detection of Shaft and Hole Parts Based on Monocular Endoscopic Imaging[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(9): 2101-2114.
| 轮廓提取方法 | 耗时/s |
|---|---|
| Canny算法 | 0.0055 |
| 形态学算法 | 0.0030 |
| Suzuki算法 | 0.0020 |
表1 不同轮廓提取算法效率对比
Tab.1 Efficiency comparison of different contour extraction algorithms
| 轮廓提取方法 | 耗时/s |
|---|---|
| Canny算法 | 0.0055 |
| 形态学算法 | 0.0030 |
| Suzuki算法 | 0.0020 |
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 最大迭代次数 | 100 |
| 用于初始椭圆拟合的6个边缘点每两个点应达到的最小距离 | 30 |
| 边缘点到初始拟合椭圆边界的最大距离 | 0.03 |
| 椭圆的完整度 | 0.8 |
表2 改进RED算法的参数设置
Tab. 2 Parameter settings of improved RED algorithm
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 最大迭代次数 | 100 |
| 用于初始椭圆拟合的6个边缘点每两个点应达到的最小距离 | 30 |
| 边缘点到初始拟合椭圆边界的最大距离 | 0.03 |
| 椭圆的完整度 | 0.8 |
| 椭圆检测方法 | 每张图片耗时/s | 未正确检出图片数 | 准确率/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基于最小二乘法椭圆检测算法[ | 0.698 | 30 | 93.724 |
| 基于弧段椭圆检测算法[ | 12.817 | 19 | 96.025 |
| 无尺寸约束的本文改进的RED椭圆检测算法 | 0.729 | 4 | 99.163 |
| 本文提出的基于轮廓恢复的椭圆检测算法 | 0.719 | 0 | 100 |
表3 不同椭圆检测方法性能对比
Tab.3 Performance comparison of different ellipse detection methods
| 椭圆检测方法 | 每张图片耗时/s | 未正确检出图片数 | 准确率/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基于最小二乘法椭圆检测算法[ | 0.698 | 30 | 93.724 |
| 基于弧段椭圆检测算法[ | 12.817 | 19 | 96.025 |
| 无尺寸约束的本文改进的RED椭圆检测算法 | 0.729 | 4 | 99.163 |
| 本文提出的基于轮廓恢复的椭圆检测算法 | 0.719 | 0 | 100 |
| 真实法向量 | 虚假法向量 | |
|---|---|---|
( 0.009 684 58, | (0.037 875 11, | |
( 0.034 254 27, | (0.073 214 31, |
表4 基于角度约束的二义性判断表
Tab. 4 Ambiguity judgment table based on angle constraint
| 真实法向量 | 虚假法向量 | |
|---|---|---|
( 0.009 684 58, | (0.037 875 11, | |
( 0.034 254 27, | (0.073 214 31, |
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