超高压水射流自驱旋转喷头空间布局优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高超高压水射流旋转喷头水动力性能与除锈效率，提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的布局优化策略。通过分析旋转喷头的运动特征，建立了扫掠冲击轨迹模型、累计冲击持续时间模型和自驱旋转模型，其中，自驱旋转模型揭示了喷嘴布局对自旋转速度的影响，并为冲击角设定提供理论依据。以水射流能量分布均匀性和扫掠冲击宽度为衡量标准，构建了双目标优化模型，并采用粒子群优化算法求解最佳喷嘴空间布局；结合自驱旋转模型确定对应冲击角参数。最后，以浙江修造船企业常用的“一”字形16喷嘴旋转喷头为例，进行了实际优化试验，结果表明，经优化后喷头的扫掠冲击能量分布均匀度较原设计提高了22.81%，除锈效率提高了约11.2%。

关键词: 超高压, 冲击射流, 布局优化, 除锈效率, 粒子群优化算法

Abstract:

To enhance the hydrodynamic performance and rust-removal efficiency of the UHP water jet rotary sprayers， a novel layout optimization strategy was proposed based on the PSO algorithm. The sweep impinging trajectory， accumulative impinging-duration， and self-rotary models were successively established based on a fully motion characteristics analysis of the rotary sprayers. The self-rotary model revealed the influences of nozzle spatial layout on rotational speed and provided a theoretical basis for determining the attack angle. By regarding the uniformity of water jet impinging energy distribution and the sweep impinging width as evaluation criteria， a bi-objective optimization model was established. Then， the optimal spatial layouts of the nozzles were obtained via PSO algorithm， and the corresponding attack angles were derived from the self-rotary model. Finally， an actual optimization experiment was conducted using a rod-like shape 16-nozzle rotary sprayer commonly adopted in a shipyard of Zhejiang. Results show that the optimized design improves the uniformity of sweep impinging energy distribution by 22.81% and increases rust-removal efficiency by approximately 11.2%.

Key words: ultra-high-pressure （UHP）, impinging jet, layout optimization, rust-removal efficiency, particle swarm optimization （PSO）algorithm

中图分类号:

O358

赵文涛, 陈正寿, 陈源捷, 杜炳鑫, 谭小利. 超高压水射流自驱旋转喷头空间布局优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(3): 624-633.

ZHAO Wentao, CHEN Zhengshou, CHEN Yuanjie, DU Bingxin, TAN Xiaoli. Spatial Layout Optimization of Ultra-high-pressure Water Jet Self-driven Rotary Sprayer[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(3): 624-633.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.012

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I3/624

图/表 16

图1 自驱旋转喷头结构

Fig.1 Structure of self-driven rotary sprayer

图2 直圆锥收敛形喷嘴结构［16］

Fig.2 Structure of straight-cone convergent nozzle［16］

图3 旋转喷头工作示意图

Fig.3 Working diagram of rotary sprayer

图4 单喷嘴运动扫掠模型

Fig.4 Sweep motion model of single nozzle

图5 累计冲击持续时间模型观测点局部放大图

Fig.5 The accumulative impinging-duration model

图6 旋转喷头布局优化流程

Fig.6 Design workflow for the rotary sprayer

图7 优化前后旋转喷头空间布局及冲击角设定对比

Fig.7 Comparison of the spatial layouts and attack angles of the unoptimized and PSO-optimized rotary sprayers

图8 优化前后扫掠冲击轨迹线对比

Fig.8 Comparison of the sweep impinging trajectories of the unoptimized and PSO-optimized rotary sprayers

图9 优化前后旋转喷头累计冲击持续时间对比

Fig.9 Comparison of the accumulative impinging durations for unoptimized and PSO-optimized rotary sprayers

图10 优化前后的累计冲击持续时间相对分布对比

Fig.10 Comparison of the relative distributions of accumulative impinging durations for unoptimized and PSO-optimized rotary sprayers

图11 经PSO优化后的旋转喷头在不同压力下转速变化曲线图

Fig.11 Variation in rotational speed under different pressures for PSO-optimized rotary sprayer

图12 爬壁机器人上搭载的旋转除锈喷头试验快照

Fig.12 Experimental test snapshot of the rotary de-rusting sprayer device using a wall-climbing carrier platform

图13 超高压水射流转速测试系统装配图

Fig.13 Assembly diagram of speed testing system via ultra-high-pressure water jet

图14 超高压柱塞泵系统

Fig.14 Ultra-high-pressure plunger pump system

图15 转速测量系统

Fig.15 Rotation-speed measurement system

图16 理论转速与试验转速结果比较图

Fig.16 Theoretical and experimental comparison of rotation speeds

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